An important component of an effective learning process is the availability of operational and adequate feedback in the interaction "teacher - student", namely, the systematic monitoring of the results of educational activities of students. A qualitative measure of the educational achievements of students are test and multi-level tasks.
Examples.
For the position of chairman of the regional executive committee:
1) are appointed by the president;
2) are approved by the Council of Deputies;
3) are elected at elections;
4) are elected by various forms of direct democracy.
Classify concepts and terms according to your criteria:
1) State flag.
2) Unitary states.
3) Federal states.
4) State power.
5) Theocratic states.
6) Territory.
7) Secular states.
8) Population.
9) State Emblem.
10) Anthem.
Content
Guidelines for the use of test and multi-level tasks in social science
TESTS
TOPIC 1. The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus
§one. Basic Law of the State
§2. Fundamentals of the constitutional order of the Republic of Belarus
§3. Elections and referenda
§four. State authorities of the Republic of Belarus
§5. Constitutional rights and obligations of citizens
TOPIC 2. Main branches of law
§6. Civil law
§7. Fundamentals of labor law
§eight. Fundamentals of Family Law
§9. Fundamentals of Administrative Law
§ten. Criminal law
§eleven. Law enforcement agencies in the Republic of Belarus
TOPIC 3. The policy of the Belarusian state
§12. Social portrait of Belarus
§13. Belarusian socio-economic model
§fourteen. Innovative development of the country
§fifteen. Regional and agricultural policy
§16. National and confessional politics
§17. Development of culture and strengthening of the health of the nation
§eighteen. Youth policy
TOPIC 4. Belarus in the modern world
§19. The face of the modern world
§twenty. System of international relations
§21. Global problems of our time
§22. Horizons of the Information Society
§23. Problems of coexistence and interaction of countries and peoples
§24. The future of humanity
Test tasks for the lesson-conclusion
MULTI-LEVEL TASKS
Topic 1. The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus
Topic 2. Main branches of law
Topic 3. The policy of the Belarusian state
Topic 4. Belarus in the modern world
Multi-level tasks of the lesson-conclusion
ANSWERS.
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Detailed solution Paragraph generalization on social studies for students of grade 11, authors Vishnevsky M.I. 2010
1. Define the concepts: geopolitics, national security, global problems, information society, globalization.
Geopolitics is a theory that analyzes the dependence of state policy on geographical factors (climate, natural resources, territory, population, etc.), or the doctrine of the geographical conditionality of political phenomena.
National security is the state of protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and the state from internal and external threats.
Global problems are a set of vital problems of a planetary nature, for the solution of which it is necessary to unite the efforts of all states, and their unresolved poses a real threat to the future of mankind.
The information society is a society in which information is recognized as the most significant resource, the production and consumption of information is the most important activity, information and telecommunication technologies become basic, and the information environment, along with social and environmental, is the most important human habitat.
Globalization is the process of all-round convergence of all countries of the world into a single global system of technological, financial, economic, socio-political and cultural ties based on the latest means of informatics and telecommunications.
2. Expand the essence of the concepts: the national-state interests of the Belarusian state, the national economic interests of the Belarusian state, environmental security, information security, technological order, anti-globalism.
The national-state interests of the Belarusian state are the officially expressed or perceived needs of the country, aimed at providing favorable conditions for its development.
The national economic interests of the Belarusian state are interests related to sustainable economic development and high competitiveness of the Belarusian economy.
Ecological safety is a state in which the ecological comfort of life is not violated, the ability to withstand threats to life, the health of all living beings, a person, including his well-being, the right to a safe living environment, sources of life support, natural resources is realized.
Information security is a state of security information environment, information protection is an activity to prevent leakage of protected information, unauthorized and unintentional impacts on protected information, that is, a process aimed at achieving this state.
Technological order is one of the terms of the theory of scientific and technological progress. Means a set of related industries that have a single technical level and developing synchronously.
Anti-globalism is a social and political movement directed against certain aspects of the globalization process in its modern form, in particular against the dominance of global transnational corporations and trade and government organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO).
3. What is the manifestation of the diversity of the modern world? What is it due to?
More than 6 billion people live on planet Earth, representing three main (Equatorial, Mongoloid and Caucasoid) and several transitional racial groups, united in more than 1000 ethnic groups speaking different languages, the number of which cannot be accurately calculated (from two to three thousand) and which are divided into 23 language families; in the modern world there are more than 2,000 independent states that independently conduct domestic and foreign policies, have various forms of government and territorial structure; these states differ in the level of economic development and the standard of living of people. Along with countries with a highly developed economic structure and providing a high level of income for citizens, there are dozens of states that maintain a primitive economic system and a low standard of living; the religious image of the modern world is diverse. The main part of mankind adheres to one of the world religions: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism. Others profess Hinduism, Judaism, Taoism, Confucianism, local traditional beliefs. Many hold atheistic beliefs; there is a great diversity of cultures, national and local traditions, lifestyles and behaviors. The diversity of the modern world is explained by the difference in natural and climatic conditions that determine the uniqueness of the relationship between a particular society and the natural world; the specifics of the historical path traveled by peoples and states; variety of external influences; many natural and random events that are not always accountable and unambiguous interpretation. Scientists offer different approaches to the typology of the modern world, the allocation of similar communities in it. The most common is the allocation in the modern world of two social types: traditional and so-called "Western".
4. Describe:
a) geopolitical position of the Republic of Belarus;
b) the place and role of the Republic of Belarus in the system of modern international relations;
c) the position of the Republic of Belarus in relation to the processes of globalization;
d) the place and role of Belarus in the civilizational process.
a) Belarus is in a very favorable position geographical location: It is located in the center of Europe. So, it connects Russia and Europe, and also routes to Europe pass through Belarus. The lack of access to the sea is compensated by customs duties.
b) The Republic of Belarus occupies an important role in the system of modern international relations. It is a member of the UN and on the initiative of the Belarusians, voluntary disarmament of countries from nuclear weapons was carried out. Among the interstate associations, which include our country, a significant role belongs to the CIS and the Union of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. Belarus, along with Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, is part of the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC), formed on December 10, 2000. play an important role in the modern world military-political alliances. In 1949, NATO was created - the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO currently includes 28 states (as of 2009). The Republic of Belarus cooperates with NATO within the framework of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) and the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program.
c) Globalization has not bypassed our country. Innovations from developed countries are rapidly penetrating us to this day. Mutual support of countries and mutual assistance provide long-term partnerships.
d) Belarus plays one of the main roles in the civilizational process. We have our own language, our own territory, legislation - all signs of civilization. We can consider ourselves a mini-civilization.
5. Name the global problems of our time. Describe their causes, manifestations, consequences, possible solutions.
Types of global problems. Usually, the following global problems are singled out: Problems of relationships between different social communities. These include the problems of disarmament and the prevention of nuclear war, overcoming backwardness, conflicts between developed and developing countries, as well as within countries, not only the poor, but also the richest, where hostile attitudes towards immigrants often arise. Problems of relationships between man and society, culture. These are demographic, cultural, educational, informational problems, as well as problems of scientific and technological progress, health care, and the prevention of dangerous diseases. The intensification of contacts between people dramatically accelerates the spread of very dangerous infectious diseases.
Unfavorable environmental conditions give rise to new, previously almost unknown diseases and exacerbate the course of some previously low-dangerous diseases. The growing pace of production of new knowledge leads to the rapid "obsolescence" of previously received education and the need for constant retraining and retraining. The availability of unimaginably huge streams of various messages gives rise to the problem of distinguishing between reliable information and outright nonsense, even disinformation. It becomes more and more difficult for a person to navigate in these information flows and select what is really necessary for a business. Moral values and cultural foundations of life are also being shaken. Problems of human interaction with the environment. These are the energy and raw materials, food problems, the development of the World Ocean, space, the permafrost zone and, perhaps, the most acute problem - the environmental one. Ecological problem. In the second half of the 20th century, mankind realized the risk of destruction of civilization due to uncontrolled human impact on the natural environment. The ecological crisis manifests itself in degradation environment due to the reckless economic activity of people. The consequence of this is a growing threat to human health, environmental pollution with toxic waste from production and human life.
Global environmental problems arise due to two reasons: 1) natural processes (tsunamis, hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, etc.); 2) anthropogenic impact and irrational nature management (greenhouse effect, "ozone holes", changes in the composition of the atmosphere, etc.).
Currently fixed:
1) Global climate change, including an increase in the average temperature of the atmosphere. This threatens to disrupt the established mechanism of the circulation of the waters of the World Ocean and the water cycle in nature. According to some calculations, due to global warming, by 2100 the ocean level may rise by 4 meters, and many will be under water. island states and most of such cities as St. Petersburg, Amsterdam, Shanghai, New Orleans, etc.
2) Change in the composition of the atmosphere - a drop in the percentage of oxygen and an increase in the proportion of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and other pollutants. This leads to acid rain, an increase in the acidity of water bodies and soils, and the "greenhouse effect". "Greenhouse effect" - an increase in temperature in the lower atmosphere due to emissions of gases that freely pass solar radiation to the Earth, but make it difficult for the return of thermal radiation to the upper atmosphere. Overheating of the planet leads to floods, drought, adverse changes in natural ecosystems.
3) Depletion of the ozone layer, which traps cosmic radiation dangerous to human health, including ultraviolet radiation. The main reason for the destruction of the ozone layer and the appearance of the so-called "ozone holes" is the massive use of ozone-depleting substances in industry and everyday life.
4) Destruction natural resources planets and their pollution with substances unusual for nature, as well as exceeding the maximum allowable emission standards for ordinary substances. Irrational agricultural activities, in particular the excessive use of mineral fertilizers containing a large amount of acid-forming sulfur and nitrogen oxides, leads to the disruption of natural ecosystems, the depletion of soil cover, the reduction of fresh water reserves, and the disturbance of the natural landscape. The destruction of forests as a result of excessive deforestation, as well as due to environmental pollution, contributes to the fact that the atmosphere annually does not receive up to 15 billion tons of oxygen. Intensive deforestation in the Amazon basin, in Indonesia, the tropical zone of the Earth threatens to completely deprive the planet of its "green lungs". Currently, the forests of our planet are disappearing at a rate of 6 million hectares. in year.
The stocks of non-renewable resources, such as oil and coal, are declining. There is an impoverishment of the World Ocean due to its pollution and inept use of its resources. Currently, from 2 to 4% of the surface of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans are covered with an oil film, due to which their biological productivity has noticeably decreased.
5) Reducing the biological diversity of flora and fauna, i.e. irretrievable death of many species of plants and animals as a result of their immoderate extermination and destruction of natural habitats. Currently, up to 10% of plant species, about 1000 species of large animals and a huge number of small ones are under the threat of extinction.
6) Excessive load on some natural-territorial complexes due to overpopulation of the planet, urbanization and uneven use of natural resources.
Of course, the only way to solve environmental problems is for people to understand that everything in nature must be in harmony and nothing else. Stop polluting the environment and do not treat nature as an inexhaustible resource.
6. Systematize your knowledge about the characteristics of the information society. Fill the table.
| Economic sphere | Political sphere | Social sphere | spiritual realm | |
| Signs of the Information Society | Information in its pure form (in itself) is the subject of purchase and sale. | 1. Interaction of all structures of the state and states among themselves on the basis of ICT. 2. Management of the information society by the state, public organizations. | 1. Information is a product of modern man's activity. 2. Equal opportunities in access to information for all segments of the population. | 1. Awareness by society of the priority of information over another product of human activity. 2. The fundamental basis of all areas of human activity (economic, industrial, political, educational, scientific, creative, cultural, etc.) is information. 3. Security of the information society, information. 4. Protection of intellectual property. |
7. Determine the positive and negative consequences of globalization in different areas of public life. Fill the table.
| Spheres of public life | Consequences of globalization positive | Consequences of globalization negative |
| Economic | Globalization has intensified international competition. Competition and market expansion lead to a deepening of specialization and the international division of labor, which, in turn, stimulate the growth of production not only at the national level, but also at the world level. | Globalization of products, imposition of a single standard of consumption. |
| Political | Rapprochement of states, consideration of each other's interests (globalization warns against extreme actions in politics and economics). | The emergence of global problems: confrontation between countries. |
| Social | Emergence of global problems: "poor South" - "rich North". | |
| Spiritual | Culture enrichment | Globalization in the field of culture leads to the spread mass culture and the weakening of national cultures. |
8. Describe the achievements of sovereign Belarus. Name the factors that caused them.
To date, work is underway in the Republic of Belarus to develop industry: the modernization of traditional sectors of industry, the improvement of the fuel and energy complex and the creation of high-tech and science-intensive industries in such areas as radio, micro- and optoelectronics, television technology, the pharmaceutical industry, chemical production, low-tonnage chemistry, development of space technologies.
The privatization of enterprises and the reform of large property complexes continue. It is planned to develop the institution of public-private partnership in the energy sector, as well as at facilities related to the development of mineral deposits.
The priorities for attracting foreign direct investment in the industry are the creation of joint and foreign enterprises, the sale to foreign investors of part of the shares owned by the state, with the exception of strategically significant ones related to the country's security.
According to the data of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus, in 2014, compared to 2013, the production of potash fertilizers increased the most in Belarus (by 1.5 times), which provided the main increase, and cheese (by 26.3%). At the same time, tractors were produced (up to 52.1 thousand) and trucks (up to 8 thousand).
The production of potash fertilizers amounted to 6.3 million tons (in terms of 10% potassium oxide), and increased by 49.4% compared to 2013. At the same time, in December last year, the volume of fertilizer production was higher than in December 2013, by 36%, that is, a decline in production has not yet been observed.
In 2014, the production of cheese, excluding processed cheese, increased by 26.3% compared to the year before. In December, the Belarusian industry produced 17.4 thousand tons of cheese, which is 61.2% more than in December 2013.
At the same time, Belarusian whole-milk products produced only 1.9 million tons in 2014, which is 4.5% higher than in 2013. In total, in 2014, the volume of industrial production by types of economic activity "Manufacturing", "Mining" and "Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water" at current prices amounted to 668.4 trillion. BYR, exceeding the volume of industrial production in 2013 by 1.9%.
Test on the topic: "Republic of Belarus".
1. With which countries does Belarus border in the northwest?
a) with Lithuania and Latvia; b) with R. F,; c) with Ukraine; d) with Poland; e) no
correct answer.
2. Name the area of the territory of the Republic of Belarus.
a) 209.6 thousand km; b) 207.7 thousand km; c) 207.6 thousand km; d) 208.6 thousand km; e) 209.7 thousand km.
3. What is the height of the Minsk Upland?
a) 344 m; b) 345 m; c) 340 m; d) 341 m; e) 343 m.
4. Which of the world's largest deposits is located near Soligorsk?
a) table salt; b) table and potassium salt; c) potassium salt; d) clay
sand, cement; e) there is no correct answer.
5. What is the continental climate typical for the territory?
a) subtropical; b) equatorial; c) subarctic; d) moderate;
e) tropical.
6. What is the average January temperature?
a) from -5 to -8 0 ; b) from -4 to -8 0 ; c) from -5 to -9 0; d) from -5 to -7 0 ; e) from -4 to -7 0 .
7. What is the average annual rainfall?
a) 550-800 mm; b) 400-700 mm; c) 450-700 mm; d) 500-800 mm; e) 500-700 mm.
8. What rivers with tributaries of the Pripyat and Berezina flow through the territory of Belarus?
a) the Dniester river; b) the Western Dvina river; c) the Dnieper river; d) the Neman river; e) the river Svisloch.
9. What is the depth of Lake Naroch?
a) 20 m; b) 27 m; c) 22 m; d) 24 m; e) 25 m.
10. What percentage is occupied by swamps of the territory?
a) 20%; b) 25%; c) 30%; d) 35%; e) 40%.
11. What forests grow on chernozems and podzolic soils?
a) mixed; b) pine; c) broad-leaved; d) spruce; e) there is no correct answer.
12. By the end of what year, the population of Belarus was 5.7 million people?
a) 2003; b) 2001; c) 2006; d) 2008; e) 2009.
13. How old is average duration life of the population of Belarus?
a) 67 years old; b) 69 years old; c) 70 years old; d) 65 years old; e) 68 years old.
14. What percentage of the national composition of the country's population is dominated by Belarusians?
a) 77%; b) 73%; c) 70%; d) 76%; e) 78%.
15. How many people live in Minsk?
a) 1.6 million people; b) 1.8 million people; c) 1.5 million people; d) 1.7 million people;
e) 1.9 million people.
16. In what year were 21 thousand trucks produced?
a) 2004; b) 2005; c) 2000; d) 2003; 2002
17. Despite the difficulties, what was released in 2004?
a) televisions; b) refrigeration units; c) all of the above options;
d) freezer; d) refrigerators.
18. What percentage is occupied by hayfields and pastures of the territory?
a) 30%; b) 45%; c) 50%; d) 40%; e) 20%.
19. What part of the sown area is forage crops?
a) 1/6; b) ¼; c) ½; d) 1/5; e) 1/3.
20. Which countries in the economy of Belarus are leading in terms of investment volume?
a) USA and Germany; b) Germany and Italy; in the USA; d) France; e) Poland.
Keys to the test: "Republic of Belarus":
NATIONAL ECONOMY OF BELARUS
1. Anthropogenic impact on the environment is: the impact of human economic activity on the ecosystem.
2. When is it beneficial to use imported goods:
3. In what case do investments act in the form of capital investments: when they are directed to the maintenance and increase of fixed capital (fixed assets) and stocks. (for the replacement of equipment, for the modernization of equipment, for the expansion of production, for the introduction of the achievements of scientific and technical progress, etc.)
4. The object of the national economy is: the national economic system of the country.
5. In the Republic of Belarus, the population of working age includes: men 16-60 years old, women 16-55 years old.
6. Free economic zones have been created in the Republic of Belarus: 6 (Brest, Gomelraton, Vitebsk, Mogilev, Grodnoinvest.
7. The total economic potential of the country includes (yat): natural resource potentials, demographic and labor, scientific innovation, information technology, production, investment, foreign economic, environmental.
8. The most important indicators of the demographic potential are: the size and life expectancy of the population, birth and death rates, age and sex structure, distribution of the population into urban and rural areas.
9. Gross domestic product is created: using fixed capital
10. GDP (GNP) is calculated by the following methods: production method, income use method; methods of GDP formation by sources of income; GNP is calculated like GDP, but differs from it by an amount equal to the balance of settlements with foreign countries. If we add to GDP the difference m / y from receipts from primary income from abroad and primary income received by foreign investors in a given country, this will be GNP.
11. The value of the natural resource potential is calculated as: calculated as the sum of the potentials of certain types of natural potentials.
12. Foreign economic activity is: a set of methods and means of trade, economic, scientific and technical cooperation, monetary and financial and credit relations with foreign countries.
13. The foreign economic potential of the country is: the totality of all resources and conditions for the implementation of foreign economic activity of the state, is determined by the availability of natural resources, created production and scientific and technical potential, infrastructure, social sphere.
14. Water cadastre is: a systematized collection of information about the country's water resources.
15. Water intensity of GDP reflects: the efficiency of water resources use, which allows comparing the volume of water used with the results of economic activity: W= R1+R2/V where w is the water intensity (m3), R1 is the annual consumption of fresh water, V is the cost of the annual gross product , R2 - annual volume of circulating water supply.
16. The possibility of preserving and functioning of natural systems, the rational use of all components of the biosphere in the interests of man characterizes: ecological potential.
17. Highlight several qualitative characteristics of scientific personnel: researchers, qualification level (doctors, candidates of sciences).
18. The highest state scientific organization of the Republic of Belarus that organizes, conducts and coordinates fundamental and applied scientific research and development is: the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus.
19. Identify the concept that does not correspond to the following statement: “The economically active population includes - corresponds to the part of the country's inhabitants providing their labor for the production of goods and services - this is the employed population and the unemployed, registered with the state employment service.
20. The boundaries of working age are: in each state it is determined by national legislation, depending on life expectancy, natural, climatic and socio-economic conditions of the country.
21. To analyze and assess the production potential, an indicator (indicator) is not used: they use qualitative and quantitative (the number of enterprises engaged in production, the number of employees in these industries, the volume of production of goods and services GDP, fixed assets, the quality of goods and services, the technological level of production , resource intensity of production, characteristics of the control system).
22. To quantify the natural resource potential, indicators are used: a point system, cost indicators and absolute energy potentials.
23. To determine the quality of surface waters of the Republic of Belarus: determined chemical composition water.
24. To assess the production potential, indicators are used: qualitative and quantitative.
25. Complete the phrase: “Extensive type of economic growth is: a type of economic growth that is based on the involvement of additional resources in production while maintaining the level of technology and the quality of the resources themselves.
26. Complete the phrase: “Ensuring a population reproduction regime characterized by population growth, consciously regulated births, decreasing mortality and increasing life expectancy is: demographic policy.
27. Finish the sentence: “The totality of resources and conditions for the implementation of scientific research (fundamental and oriented fundamental) is the definition of scientific potential.
28. Land resources are: the part of the country's land background that is suitable for economic use.
29. Investment policy is: a set of goals and objectives, directions and priorities, a system of measures to implement the strategy of socio-economic development and determines the volume, structure and directions for the use of investments in the country's economy.
30. The Human Development Index (HDI) is the arithmetic average of three indicators of the standard of living - the index of life expectancy at birth, the index of the level of education of the population and the index of real per capita GDP, calculated taking into account purchasing power parity.
31. Innovative potential is a set of resources and conditions: ensuring the practical assimilation of the results of scientific research and development that increase the efficiency of methods and means of implementing specific processes, incl. development in the production of new products and technologies.
32. The intensity and effectiveness of the use of potential are estimated in world practice: - the share of new products in the total volume of industrial production; -development and updating of technologies; - foreign trade exchange of products of high and medium high science intensity (shares in exports); -participation of enterprises in technological exchange and their shares in the markets of innovative products; - participation of enterprises in financial and industrial groups.
33. State regulators of direct impact include: state order, quotas, licenses, direct budget financing.
34. Innovations include (name several areas): the level of scientific and technical developments, the state and capacity of the experimental base, the availability of reserve production facilities for the development of prototypes, the level of the technical base.
35. An intensive type of economic growth includes: production growth based on the use of new technologies, improving the quality of resources, improving the organization of production and labor, and improving the skills of workers.
36. The macro-parameters of the scientific potential include the following indicators: the science intensity of GDP, the average annual number of employees in the industry, science and scientific services, their share in the total number of people employed in the national economy, and the number of scientific organizations.
37. Scientific organizations representing relatively separate elements in the scientific system include (select a few): academic, university and branch science (previously, factory science was singled out).
38. To the organs government controlled that ensure the implementation of scientific and technical policy include: the State Committee for Science and Technology (SCST), the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus (NAS), the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC).
39. Specially protected natural areas include: monuments of landscape art, botanical relics, geological monuments of nature, valuable plantations, rare and ancient trees, certain species of animals and plants listed in the Red Book.
40. Labor resources include: the population of working age (with the exception of disabled people of groups 1 and 2 and non-working persons receiving an old-age pension on preferential terms), as well as persons older and younger than working age employed in the economy.
41. The levels of functioning and management of the national economy include: the macro level (the economy as a whole), the meso level - industries, regions; microlevel (enterprises, organizations and primary production link).
42. How is the National Economy divided according to the levels of functioning and management? macro level (the economy as a whole), meso level - industries, regions; micro level (enterprises, organizations and primary production link.
43. Which of the following stages are included in the NTP: commission implementation, practical operation, serial production, prototype, applied research.
44. What benefits are provided for investors in the SEZ: tax.
45. What indicators characterize the effectiveness of scientific and technical progress:
*development and widespread use of fundamentally new machines and systems of machines operating in automatic mode;
*creation and development of qualitatively new production technologies;
* discovery and use of new types and sources of energy;
*creation and widespread use of new types of materials with predetermined properties;
*wide development of automation of production processes based on the use of machine tools with numerical control, automatic lines, industrial robots, flexible production systems;
* introduction of new forms of organization of labor and production.
46. Which FEZs can be identified (name a few): 6 (Brest, Gomelraton, Vitebsk, Mogilev, Grodnoinvest.
47. Which resource does not belong to the natural resource potential: Land, water, forest, mineral resources, etc.
48. Birth and death rates are calculated in the following units of measurement: the birth rate is a norm of 2.5 persons per woman.
49. The criteria for the expediency of investing in the manufacturing sector are (select several areas): modernization of industries with high science-intensive and resource-saving technologies for export and import substitution; improving the quality and competitiveness of products; increase in production volumes and expansion of the range of food products; improvement of technologies and creation of new production facilities for the production of domestic medicines; development of modern communication networks, etc.
50. The maximum possible ability of the national economy to produce goods and services in accordance with the demands of the domestic and foreign markets is the definition of the totality of economic potential.
51. Microeconomics studies the following processes (to name a few) supply and demand of the market for goods, resources, interacting households and firms.
52. Mineral resources are natural substances of mineral origin used to obtain energy, raw materials and materials.
53. The model of the economy of which country demonstrates the importance of socio-cultural and confessional factors is Japanese.
54. At the macro level, the total economic potential is: the maximum possible ability of the national economy to produce goods and services in accordance with the demands of the domestic and foreign markets.
55. Scientific and technical potential is a set of resources and conditions: the implementation of applied scientific research and development, including experimental design and experimental technological work.
56. Scientific and technical potential includes: experimental design and experimental technological work.
57. Scientific organizations are divided into main areas, representing relatively isolated elements in the scientific system: academic, university and industry.
58. Scientific and scientific and technical potentials are realized in scientific and innovative activities, the results of which in the field of research and development (R&D) are: new materials, products, devices, technological processes, systems and methods.
59. Scientific potential is a set of resources and conditions: the implementation of scientific research (fundamental and oriented fundamental).
60. The national economy is ....: the economic system of the country, which meets the principles of sovereignty, integrity, sociality, national orientation.
61. The national economy consists of the following structures: the industrial complex, the agro-industrial complex, the construction complex, transport and communications, the complex of social and cultural industries, the social and consumer complex.
62. The standards that are used to assess the quality of the air environment are: API - the complex index of air pollution - is considered high if the average concentration of impurities in the air exceeds 7 units.
63. Define by concepts what it is about: “The creative core of the country's innovation system is characterized by the following parameters - the volume and structure of research and development; financial support; scientific and information resources, etc.: about the scientific and scientific and technical potential.
64. The organization and coordination of scientific research and scientific and technical activities in the sectors, planning and training of highly qualified personnel in the Republic of Belarus is supervised by: HAC (Higher Attestation Commission).
65. The main sectors of the economy in the SNA are: 1 Non-financial corporate and quasi-corporate enterprises, 2 Financial institutions, 3 General government, 4 private non-profit institutions, 5 households.
66. The main goals of industrial policy in the transition period are: reducing the share and scale of energy- and material-intensive industries, replacing inefficient industries with new ones based on high technologies and new materials.
67. The ratio of the forested area to the total area, expressed as a percentage, characterizes: forest cover.
68. Protection of intellectual property rights in the Republic of Belarus is carried out by: The State Committee for Science and Technology.
69. The primary level of the hierarchy of the national economy forms: the micro level (enterprises and organizations of the primary production link).
70. The balance of payments characterizes: foreign economic transactions that are performed between residents and non-residents of the Republic of Belarus with goods, services, income, as well as financial claims and obligations.
71. Under the natural resource potential is understood: the totality of natural resources of a given territory, natural conditions, phenomena and processes that are used or can be involved in economic activity given the given technical and socio-economic opportunities.
72. An indicator of the effectiveness of the functioning of the ecological potential is the ecological capacity (Ieq), which is calculated according to the formula: Ieq=N/GDP N - economically pure production, GDP - total volume of this type.
73. An indicator of the effectiveness of the functioning of the ecological potential is the coefficient. specific pollution (Iz), which is calculated by the formula: Z/GDP Z- emissions, waste.
74. Indicators characterizing the dynamics of economic growth are: the production of GDP per capita, the level of anthropogenic pressure.
75. Indicators of foreign economic potential are: the volume of GDP production per capita, the share of exports of goods and services in GDP, the share of exports of manufactured goods in total exports, the country's balance of payments.
76. Indicators of information technology potential are: the number of telephone lines per 100 inhabitants, the number of hosts (computers connected to the Internet) per 10 thousand inhabitants, the number of PCs per 100 inhabitants, % of the use of unlicensed software, % of computers connected to the Internet, the number of subscribers mobile communications, the average monthly cost of a 20-hour Internet connection.
77. Indicators for assessing the total economic potential are: Population size, its sex and age structure, natural and mechanical movement of the population; labor resources, their structure, provision of labor force and qualified personnel in accordance with the requirements of scientific and technological progress and market economy; human development index; cost and structure of fixed production assets; GDP, GNP; volumes of output growth; the level of consumption of goods and services per capita; availability of reserves and the level of use of mineral, raw materials, fuel and energy and other resources; ecological capacity of ecosystems and the level of environmental pollution.
78. Indicators of the effectiveness of the functioning of the ecological potential are the coefficients: Iec - ecological capacity, Iz - coefficient of specific pollution.
79. Minerals refer to: natural resource potential.
80. Minerals are: potash and rock salts, oil, peat, building materials and raw materials for their production, underground fresh and mineral waters.
81. Stamp payments are payments that are classified as non-tax income.
82. Natural resource potential includes (name a few elements): land, water, forest, mineral resources, etc.
83. Continue the phrase: “ natural increase population is defined as the difference between births and deaths per year.
84. Continue the phrase: “Innovativeness of the economy is the ability and desire of enterprises to constantly search for and use in practice the results and new concepts, ideas and inventions.
85. Continue the sentence: “Under the total economic potential is understood: the maximum possible ability of the national economy to produce goods and services in accordance with the demands of the domestic and foreign markets.
86. Production potential is the totality of all types of resources and conditions: the implementation of social production or the production of goods and services, the real volume of output (GDP) that the economy is able to produce with the full use of its available resources.
87. The results of scientific and scientific and technical potentials in the field of fundamental research (FI) are: new knowledge (hypotheses, theories, methods).
88. The results of scientific and scientific and technical potentials in the field of applied research (AR) are:
Achievement in the field of automobile and tractor construction, microelectronics, the creation of artificial diamonds, urban transport, emergency response equipment, modern televisions, medical equipment, medicines, sensor technology, etc.
89. Recreational resources are part of the natural and cultural resources that provide: meeting the needs of the population in recreation and tourism.
90. Free economic zones (FEZs) make it possible to actively form an open economy by: attracting foreign investment and advanced technologies, as well as exporting manufactured products.
91. A set of systematized information about natural resources, their quality, application and use is contained: in the cadastre of natural resources.
92. The summary balance of labor resources characterizes: information on the average annual number of people employed in the economy and its industry.
93. The system of national accounts arose: 40s of the 20th century in Western countries as a result of the integration of 2 areas of research: 1. Works in the field of statistics, 2 analyzes business cycle.
94. The totality of scientific and technical personnel, material, financial, information resources necessary for the creation and implementation of the achievements of scientific and technical progress in the economy is the definition: scientific and scientific and technical potential.
95. The content of the SNA covers: in a narrow sense, accounts that reveal the main indicators of economic development (GDP, NI and their components); in a broad sense, a system of macroeconomic calculations, which also includes reserves of resources, intersectoral balance, balance of payments, etc. The following groups of accounts are accepted: for sectors of the economy, industry economy, individual economic transactions, the economy as a whole, or consolidated accounts.
96. The components of the information technology potential are: information resources, methods for ensuring their accumulation, preservation and effective use; information-computer and telecommunication technologies; automated information systems and mechanisms for providing services based on them; information and telecommunications data infrastructure; information industry, incl. media industry, telecommunications and communications; computing complex as the technical basis of the information industry, including software (OS, SP) and hardware (architecture, computers, computer hardware element base); computer education and training system; system of state management of information and regulation of the market of information technologies, products and services.
97. The components of the production potential are: the totality of the production capacities of industries and intersectoral complexes; material-technical and technological base of production; existing human resources; the volume of other resources involved in production and their reserves; production infrastructure; management organization system, institutional and legal framework for production regulation.
98. The components of the total economic potential of Belarus are: natural resource potential, demographic and labor, scientific, scientific, technical and innovative, information technology, production, investment, foreign economic, environmental.
99. The socio-economic phenomenon, expressed in the inability of a certain part of the able-bodied population to realize their labor potential, is called unemployment.
100. The specifics of environmental and economic planning in Belarus is that it is necessary to take into account all the environmental problems that have accumulated in the country in the second half of the 20th century.
101. The ability and desire of enterprises to constantly search for and use in practice the results of research and development, new concepts, ideas, inventions - this is the definition of the innovativeness of the economy.
102. The strategic goal of the national innovation system is to transfer the economy of the Republic of Belarus to an innovative path of development.
103. Tactical tasks of forming a national innovation system are solved: on a program-targeted basis within the framework of five-year programs and forecasts socio-economic development (SED), state scientific and technical programs (SSTP).
104. The term "potential" in the economy means: sources, opportunities, means, reserves that can be used to achieve the goals of socio-economic development.
105. Labor potential is defined as: the quantity and quality of labor resources, their employment in the economy.
106. Labor resources are: that part of the population that, thanks to the combination of physical abilities, special knowledge and experience, can participate in the process of reproduction, the creation of material and intangible goods and services.
107. The unemployment rate is determined by the ratio: the total number of officially registered unemployed to the economically active population (employed + unemployed).
108. Establish a correspondence between the methods for calculating GDP (GNP) and their characteristics: the formation of GDP by source of income, the production method, the sum of value added of all producers of goods and services in the country. By source of income - reflects the primary income received by economic units, is defined as the difference between GDP calculated by the production method at market prices of one country, wages of employees and net taxes on production and imports, on the other hand (this is a balance sheet item); production method - the difference between the output of goods and services in the country as a whole and intermediate consumption, or as the sum of value added created in sectors of the economy.
109. Establish a correspondence between the definitions and the corresponding concepts: investments; investment; investment, policy. Investment policy - a system of measures aimed at establishing the structure and scale of investments, directions for their use and sources of receipt in areas and sectors of the economy.
110. Establish a correspondence between concepts and their definitions: economically active population; employment; employment structure; unemployed. The economically active population is the part of the country's inhabitants who provide their labor for the production of goods and services. Employed persons - working at enterprises and organizations of all forms of ownership, including small businesses, in farms, engaged in entrepreneurial activities and the self-employed population. The unemployed are people who are not employed but are actively looking for work.
111. Establish a correspondence between sectors and the analysis of branches of the economy in the SNA: primary, secondary, tertiary. Primary - industries associated with the production, extraction and consumption of natural resources; secondary - manufacturing industries; tertiary - industries producing transport services, utilities, construction, trade, defense, public administration.
112. Establish a correspondence between events and their dates: 1953, 90s. XX century, 1956, 1968. 1953 - UN recommendations on accounting within the framework of the SNA accounts 1956 - the Yearbook on National Accounts Statistics was published 1968 - improved the SNA of the European Community 90s Belarus switched to SNA.
113. Establish a correspondence between the terms and their definitions: foreign economic relations, foreign economic activity, foreign trade volume, foreign trade. The volume of foreign trade is the volume of exports and imports.
114. Set the correspondence of indicators to the types of resources: atmospheric air; water resources; land resources; forest resources; mineral resources. Assessment of the level of air pollution, water capacity, structure of agricultural land, forest cover of the territory, reserves of mineral resources.
115. Establish the correspondence of functional economic zones for the development and production of new equipment to their definitions: technopark, technopolis, incubator.
116. The characteristic features and conditions of the national economy are (to name a few): the sovereignty of the nation and the state; territorial integrity; unity of economic space and legal environment; common nature of economic institutions, including the institution of property; availability of a single means of payment; integrity financial system; the development of the domestic market and the stability of foreign economic and geopolitical relations; effective guarantees of independent management and increase of national wealth in the interests of the nation.
117. The population of the Republic of Belarus at the end of 2007 was: 9.664.1 thousand people.
118. What is the national economy in institutional terms? A set of market institutions and segments of the national market: the market for factors of production, the market for goods and services, the foreign exchange market, the stock market, the market for intellectual property, the housing market, etc.
119. What is the national economy in structural terms? Industrial complex, agro-industrial complex, construction complex, transport and communications, complex of social and cultural industries, social and consumer complex.
120. What is the national economy in organizational terms? Organization, institutions, enterprises, production, industries, regions, their interconnections and relationships.
121. What is the national economy in functional terms? natural resource, demographic and labor, scientific and innovative, industrial, ecological.
122. What is the subject of study of the course "National Economy of Belarus": socio-economic processes of reproduction, patterns of functioning and development of the economic system, its structural and functional elements, potentials and mechanisms.
123. Environmentally friendly products (that have passed environmental certification) (N) can be found by the formula: N=Leq*GDP, where Lec is an indicator of environmental capacity.
124. The environmental aspect of sustainable development involves (name a few): environmental protection and rational use of natural resources, conservation of biological diversity, environmentally safe use of high technologies, chemicals, taking into account the solution of socio-economic problems.
125. Economic potential depends on (name several factors): the volume of resources and production capabilities, the degree of their use.
126. Economic potential depends on: the volume of resources and production capabilities, the degree of their use.
127. An economic indicator of foreign economic potential is not: it is the volume of GDP production, the share of exports of goods and services in GDP, the share of exports of industrial goods in total exports, the country's balance of payments.
128. Depending on the change in the volume of goods and services, the following types of reproduction are distinguished (name a few): decreasing (decrease in the volume of outputs); simple (volume and quality remain unchanged); extended (growth, growth and quality increases).
129. In the practice of forecasting GDP (GNP), methods are used: production, distribution, final use, balance sheet, as well as economic and mathematical modeling.
130. The GDP end use method includes: the Keyes equation Y=C+G+I+Xp, where C is household consumption, G is consumption public institutions, I-investment, Xn-net exports.
131. The functions of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus include: managing all medical, sanitary-epidemiological, pharmaceutical and other institutions subordinate to it, as well as providing methodological guidance to medical institutions of other departments and public organizations, issuing licenses and supervising the activities of private medical institutions and doctors.
132. GDP under the production method, distributive method is calculated as: production method (the sum of value added by subtracting from the projected gross output of intermediate consumption); distribution method (the sum of income of all enterprises: the sum of primary income (salary, profit), the amount of redistributed income (interest on deposits, income from bonds, dividends, social insurance receipts), depreciation deductions for the renovation of fixed production and non-production assets).
133. The leading link in the culture management system is occupied by: the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Belarus.
134. Leading positions in the management of social services are occupied by: Min. Labor and social protection.
135. Reproduction is of the following types: decreasing (decrease in output volumes), simple (volume and quality remain unchanged), extended (growth, growth and quality increase).
136. Highlight the types of social services: social care, social rehabilitation, social shelter.
137. The following types of economic growth are distinguished: extensive and intensive.
138. Complete the phrase: “Communal services include (select several options): water supply, heat supply, gas supply, electricity supply, cleaning and landscaping of the territories of settlements, maintenance of road and bridge facilities, landscaping, removal and disposal of garbage, sewerage in total more than 300 types of activities .
139. Complete the phrase: “Cultural institutions include (select several options): theaters, music. institutions, circuses, educational institutions, libraries, museums, film studios, the Palace of the Republic, clubs, ministries and other republican government bodies. management.
140. Complete the phrase: “Display by the system of indicators of the top level of the goal tree; subordination of building a system of indicators; consistency of key indicators with international indicators - these are the principles: the basis for the development of indicators.
141. Complete the phrase: “An extensive type of economic growth is: a type that is based on the involvement of additional resources in production while maintaining the level of technology and the quality of the resources themselves.
142. Finish the phrase: “The full development of the abilities and intellectual and creative potential of the individual in order to meet the needs of society and the state in highly qualified specialists is called upon by higher education.
143. Health care is characterized by the following indicators: number of hospitals, number of hospital beds, number of outpatient clinics, capacity (number of visits per shift) of outpatient clinics.
144. The Human Development Index is calculated on the basis of the following indicators: the arithmetic average of the three most important indicators of the standard of living - the life expectancy index at birth, the education level index of the population and the index of real average per capita GDP, calculated taking into account PPP purchasing power parity.
145. An intensive type of economic growth is determined by: the growth of production based on the use of new technologies, the improvement of the quality of resources, the improvement of the organization of production and labor, and the improvement of the skills of workers.
146. Eliminate the concept that does not correspond to the following statement: “The specifics of the service sector is that - here goods are produced and consumed at the same time. - corresponds to the statement.
147. Eliminate the concept that does not correspond to the following statement: “When calculating the training of specialists with higher and secondary special education the following indicators are being developed – Under development: admission to higher and secondary specialized educational institutions; graduation of specialists by groups of specialties, types of training and universities.
148. Eliminate the concept that does not correspond to the following statement: “In Belarus, the system of secondary specialized educational institutions includes: corresponds to the statement - technical schools (schools), colleges, higher colleges, higher vocational schools and vocational colleges.
149. Internal, external factors of economic growth include (name a few): human capital, natural resource factor, innovation, investment, capacity of domestic and foreign sales markets, institutional environment, international division of labor, globalization processes, political factors.
150. The main factors of economic growth include: internal and external (human capital, natural resource factor, innovation, investment, capacity of domestic and foreign sales markets, institutional environment, international division of labor, globalization processes, political factors).
151. Factors hindering economic growth in the Republic of Belarus include: the limited nature of its own raw materials and fuel and energy base, the high resource intensity of the economy, its strong dependence on the supply of raw materials, materials, fuel and components from Russia and other CIS countries, as well as underdevelopment of market infrastructure.
152. Human capital includes: innate abilities and talent, accumulation of knowledge, skills, experience, education, qualifications, information, physical and psychological health, spiritual wealth, all-round mobility.
153. Which of the listed ministries do not directly perform social functions: perform - the Ministries of Education, Health, Physical Culture and Sports, Culture and Arts, Social Services.
154. What sectors of the national economy are not included in the production of services (name a few): industry, agriculture, construction, forestry.
155. What indicators are not used in forecasting and planning the development of general education schools:
156. What indicators are not taken into account when determining the directions of healthcare development:
157. What factors are NOT resources for economic growth: external (international division of labor, globalization processes), political factors (organization of political and economic unions, blocs of various countries).
158. What principles are guided by when organizing the activities of enterprises in the socio-cultural sphere: based on the principle of totality ... directions designed to solve ...
159. Which of the listed ministries performs the following tasks: provides training for athletes and national teams in sports; organizes sports and tourism events, sports and tourism lotteries The Ministry of Sports and Tourism.
160. Models used in world practice when forecasting exports and imports of products are models: trend models, export, import functions, input-output model.
161. The most widespread type of medical care for the population is outpatient care.
162. System-wide indicators of sustainable economic development are: An integral indicator of sustainable development based on the human development index, GDP per capita, and the level of anthropogenic pressure on the environment.
163. The objective factors hindering economic growth in Belarus are (name a few): limited domestic raw materials and fuel and energy base, high resource intensity of the economy, its strong dependence on the supply of raw materials, materials, fuel and components from Russia and other CIS countries as well as underdevelopment of the market infrastructure.
164. Determine by the following features what sector of the economy we are talking about: “The most massive type of public service is outpatient care; indicators characterize the availability of medical care; satisfies the needs of the population in medical and preventive care - health care.
165. The main macroeconomic goals are: ensuring the efficiency and competitiveness of the national economy, increasing the welfare of the people, maintaining progressive proportions of reproduction, sectoral, technological, regional structures of the economy.
166. The main indicators used in modeling economic growth are: Y-national income (GDP), C-consumption, I-investment, L-volume of labor resources, K-capital (fixed assets).
167. The main source of funding for educational institutions is the state budget.
168. The main elements of the reproduction process are (name a few): reproduction of material goods; reproduction of the main factors of production, including labor and capital; reproduction of the human environment; reproduction of production relations associated with the release of goods and services.
169. The fundamental Keynes equation, which is the basis of the forecasting and planning methodology, is: Y=C+G+I+Xn, where C is household consumption, G is government consumption, I is investment, Xn is net exports.
170. A feature of the functioning of the social-consumer complex is that bringing goods and services to the population is carried out through business entities (enterprises, organizations, firms, etc.).
171. The difference between the concept of "economic growth" and "economic development" is: economic growth is a process characterized by an increase in the mass of goods and services created. is accompanied by an expansion in the consumption of resources of all kinds and is expressed in incremental values (products, incomes, output). The ultimate goal of economic development is not economic growth in itself, the rate and size of accumulation, but a person, ensuring his material and spiritual needs.
172. The first stage of the Belarusian education system is pre-school education.
173. For which structural subdivisions is NOT analyzed the functioning of health care?
174. Indicators characterizing the dynamics of economic growth are: Y-national income (GDP), C-consumption, I-investment, L-volume of labor resources, K-capital (fixed assets).
175. The performance indicators that characterize the quality of economic growth are: Among the most important performance indicators that characterize the quality of economic growth, one should single out material and energy intensity, capital productivity, and labor productivity. To compare economic growth on an international scale, the value of GNP per capita and the growth rate of this indicator are used. At the macro level, the basis for calculating production efficiency indicators is GDP, at the micro level - output in value terms.
176. Household consumption, government consumption, investment, net exports are included in: GDP (national income).
177. Continue the phrase: “Active dynamic monitoring of the health of the population, registration of certain contingents of the population - this is the definition: medical examination.
178. Continue the phrase: “The impact of human economic activity on the ecosystem characterizes: the level of anthropogenic pressure.
179. Continue the phrase: “The housing sector is engaged in: construction and reconstruction of housing, structures, elements of engineering infrastructure, management of the housing stock, its maintenance, and repair.
180. Continue the phrase: “Education provides: intellectual, cultural, spiritual and moral development of the individual.
181. Continue the phrase: “Preservation of the integrity of the economy as a single economic complex, integration into the world economy, recognition of world market standards presupposes an Open Economy.
182. Continue the phrase: “The sphere of social activity aimed at improving health, developing a person’s physical abilities is the definition of: physical culture.
183. Percentage of enrollment of children preschool institutions- this is the main indicator characterizing the level of development: preschool education.
184. Expenses for the purchase of consumer goods and services in all trade enterprises, markets, consumer services and housing and communal services, etc. include: Expenditure on final consumption of households.
185. The regional socio-economic complex is: a complex dynamically developing system, which is a set of many objects with a set of links between them, creating an objective basis for the life of the intra-republican regions.
186. Growth based on the involvement of additional resources in production while maintaining the level of technology and the quality of the resources themselves is: an extensive type of economic growth.
187. The growth of production on the basis of the use of new technologies, the improvement of the quality of resources, the improvement of the organization of production and labor, the improvement of the qualifications of workers, this is an intensive type of economic growth.
188. Sanatoriums are inpatient medical and prophylactic institutions that use predominantly natural factors in the treatment of patients in combination with diet, physiotherapy, exercise therapy, while observing the established regimen of treatment and rest.
189. The education system includes the following levels of education: preschool, general secondary, vocational, specialized secondary, higher and postgraduate.
190. The system of management of consumer services for the population is formed by: Bel. state association of public service organizations of the GO "Belbyt" and the department of consumer services of the regional executive committees and the Minsk City Executive Committee.
191. The totality of material and spiritual values created by human society and characterizing a certain level of its development is the definition of CULTURE.
192. The modern model of a general education school includes: primary education, basic education, complete secondary education.
193. Socio-cultural complex is: a set of activities, the purpose of which is the provision of socially significant services to the population: education, culture, healthcare, physical culture and sports, social services, etc.
194. Sport is: an integral part of physical culture, as well as a means and method of physical education, a system for organizing and conducting competitions in various complexes of physical institutions and preparatory training sessions.
195. To predict the volume of export-import on the basis of extrapolation of trends or on the basis of a quantitative characteristic of the dependence of the volume of foreign trade on a number of reasons, it is possible: labor models of the export and import functions of the market.
196. The structure of the national economy is divided into: industry, agro-industrial complex, military-industrial complex, fuel and energy complex, construction complex, etc.
197. The territorial-economic complex is: the basis of intra-republican economic regions that are formed in the process of socio-economic development. This is a set of enterprises and structures in a certain territory, economically interconnected by the use of regional natural and economic conditions and resources.
198. The level of anthropogenic load is calculated as the ratio: RAS is the degree of direct or indirect impact of man and his management on the environment or on its individual environmental components and elements.
199. Establish a correspondence between industries and the tasks they solve: education, culture, health care. education - carries out educational activities; health care - to preserve and strengthen people's health, prevention and treatment of diseases.
200. Establish a correspondence between housing and communal services enterprises and the services they provide: road and bridge facilities; plumbing, sewerage, garbage disposal; power stations, electric networks, boiler houses; subway, bus depots. public utilities.
201. Establish a correspondence between the elements of reproduction and their characteristics: reproduction of labor power in the narrow sense; reproduction of the human environment; reproduction of the labor force in the broadest sense. reproduction of the labor force in the narrow sense - the restoration of the ability to work of specific workers. In broad terms, the change of generations of workers, the emergence of a new workforce. Reproduction of the habitat - with the growth of production volumes, it is necessary to ensure the rational use of non-renewable natural resources, restoration, preservation of the environment for present and future generations.
202. Set the correspondence of equations to economic theories: C + G + I + (E M); MV = PQ, c + m + v.
203. The factors that determine economic growth are: internal and external (human capital, natural resource factor, innovation, investment, capacity of domestic and foreign sales markets, institutional environment, international division of labor, globalization processes, political factors).
204. The purpose of using input-output balance is:
*characterization of reproduction processes in the economy in terms of material and material composition in a detailed sectoral context;
*reflection of the process of production and distribution of products created in the field material production and services;
* detailing the accounts of goods and services, production, generation of income and capital transactions at the level of industry groups of products and services;
identification of the role of production factors and their effective use for economic development.
The intersectoral balance characterizes the relationship between the output in one industry and the costs, the expenditure of the products of all participating industries, necessary to ensure this output.
205. An economic region is: a territorially integral part of the state, which determines its totality of industries and production in a certain territory, has an appropriate production specialization, and close internal socio-economic ties.
206. Economic growth is characterized by the following types of development: extensive and intensive.
207. “Precise (complex) mechanical engineering”, “science-intensive complex of mechanical engineering” - these generalizing characteristics are used for the following industries: instrument-making, radio engineering, electrical engineering, electronic, optomechanical.
208. The agro-industrial complex is: a set of sectors of the national economy that produce and process agricultural raw materials, saturate the market with food and ensure the export of food and raw materials.
209. In what cases the products of the building complex are considered completed: Building products are understood as completely completed buildings, structures, their complexes, handed over to the customer for operation.
210. The machine-building complex includes: machine-building and metalworking industries.
211. In the Republic of Belarus, in terms of the socio-cultural complex, the largest share is made up of budget expenditures for: socio-cultural Events.
212. In accordance with the SNA, all sectors are divided into the following groups: the agricultural sector (mining, crop production, animal husbandry, forestry, hunting, fishing); industrial sector (manufacturing, construction, etc. activities for the production of goods); service sector (all other branches of economic activity).
213. Light industry includes: textile industry, clothing sub-sector, leather and footwear industry.
214. The structure of the forest complex includes: the forestry complex (forestry, forest hunting, secondary forest management) and the forest industry (forest industry, woodworking industry, pulp and paper industry, wood chemical industrial complex).
215. The structure of mechanical engineering includes the following branches: transport, tractor, agricultural, construction and road engineering, production of technological equipment for industry, and other groups.
216. The composition of the fuel industry in Belarus includes: the oil industry, the oil refining industry, the gas industry, and the peat industry.
217. The fuel and energy complex of Belarus does NOT include: the fuel industry (oil extraction industry, oil refining industry, gas industry, peat industry) and electric power industry (thermal power plants and hydroelectric power plants).
218. Structurally, the timber industry complex includes the following industries - these are: timber, woodworking, pulp and paper.
219. The structure of the national economy includes the following links (name a few): industry, agro-industrial complex, military-industrial complex, fuel and energy complex, construction complex, etc.
220. What are the competitive advantages of the industry: it is the leader in the country's export volume of 90%, and the amount of foreign exchange earnings, budgeting and non-budgetary funds, innovation, implementation of scientific and technical achievements and development of scientific and technical progress in the Republic of Belarus.
221. Highlight features railway transport A: massive flows, relatively low cost of transportation over long distances. It works without interruption all year round, does not depend on the vagaries of the weather, and has a potentially high speed of movement.
222. The main indicator of the construction complex is: the commissioning of residential buildings, the volume of contract work.
223. To assess the work of transport, the following indicators are used (specify a few): the volume of transportation (departures) of goods, the volume of transportation (departures) of passengers, freight turnover, passenger turnover, etc.
224. Mining, crop production, animal husbandry, forestry, hunting and fishing are included in the following sector of the industry division: the agricultural sector.
225. The dominant sectors of the country's fuel and energy complex in present stage are: the fuel industry and the electric power industry.
226. Complete the phrase: “The process of creating large-scale machine production based on high-performance technology is the definition of the INDUSTRIALIZATION process.
227. Complete the phrase: “Transport is: one of the basic industries that forms the infrastructure of the economy and ensures the interconnection of all its elements.
228. A regularity that is observed in almost all countries of the world belonging to different types of economy is: To a certain extent, all countries of the world community are in a state of transition. In the development of modern society, special transitional states arise, the distinguishing features of which are: the coexistence of the old and new systems; the struggle between the elements of a dying and emerging economy; instability caused by the very transformation of society.
229. Finish the phrase: “The development of priority areas for the development of transport and state regulation of the activities of associations and organizations of the transport complex is carried out by: the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Belarus.
230. Industrialization is the process of creating large-scale machine production based on high-performance technology.
231. Delete the concept that does not correspond to the following statement: “Indicators that characterize the activity of the transport industry are: indicators that correspond to characterize the place and role of transport (the share of transport in GDP, the structure of investments in fixed capital). To assess the work of transport, a number of indicators are used: the volume of transportation (departures) of goods; the volume of transportation (departures) of passengers, cargo turnover, passenger turnover, etc.
232. Livestock industries include: cattle breeding, pig breeding and poultry farming.
233. The branches of crop production include: grain farming, cultivation of industrial crops, potato growing, and vegetable growing.
234. The sectors of the economy that form the sphere of production of goods include: industry, agriculture, construction. Forestry.
235. The sectors of the economy that form the sphere of production of services include: transport and communications, trade and public catering, logistics and marketing, housing and communal services and consumer services, healthcare, Physical Culture, social Security, education, culture and art, science and scientific service, finance and credit, insurance, management.
236. Postal services in the Republic of Belarus include (name a few): regular delivery of written correspondence, periodicals, money orders, parcels, packages, mainly using vehicles.
237. The production of building materials includes: The building materials industry of Belarus is represented by more than 1,400 enterprises and industries that produce cement, lime, wall, cladding and finishing materials, prefabricated reinforced concrete and concrete structures, roofing materials.
238. The following requirements are imposed on the transport complex: the fullest satisfaction of the needs of society in the transportation of goods and passengers; increase in economically transportation processes; reducing the time of delivery of goods and transportation of passengers; ensuring the intensity and regularity of transportation, regardless of the time of year, weather conditions or other adverse factors; increasing the level of comfort in the transportation of passengers, ensuring the complete safety of transported goods, traffic safety.
239. Which of the following industries do not belong to industries that produce goods? transport and communications, trade and public catering, logistics and sales, housing and communal services and public services, health care, physical culture, social security, education, culture and art, science and scientific services, finance and credit, insurance, management.
240. What functions does the transport complex not perform: IMPLEMENTS the functions: stimulating, distributive, integration, structure-forming, complementary.
241. Which of the activities is not a component of the social-consumer complex? The social and consumer complex INCLUDES the production of material goods and services for the population and includes trade, public catering, consumer services for the population, and housing and communal services.
242. What feature does the transport process not have: Characteristic features:
*Transport products are intangible.
*Transport products are produced only during the movement of the vehicle with cargo or passengers.
* The production of transport affects the size of social production.
*The cost of transport products is included in the final cost of transported products.
243. The forest complex is: an integrated set of industries and industries that perform the functions of both reproduction, protection, protection of forests, as well as timber harvesting, mechanical, chemical-mechanical and chemical processing of wood raw materials.
244. The machine-building complex is: a complex that is considered as a set of machine-building and metal-working industries, as well as related and auxiliary industries, design, engineering, research organizations.
245. The metallurgical industry is: a set of interconnected industries and stages of the production process from the extraction of raw materials to the production of finished products (ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy).
246. On this stage There are no developments in the metallurgical industry of Belarus: enterprises for the extraction of ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as for the smelting of metals from natural ore.
247. Name the main link of the agro-industrial complex: agriculture - produces approximately 58% of all products.
248. Science-intensive engineering is the core: the military-industrial complex (MIC).
249. The following processes are considered as necessary stages of economic development of each country:
250. Based on the highlighted features, determine which branch of the economy we are talking about: “Provides business, collective and personal communication of people; transmits the necessary information; provides information in the shortest possible time; in some cases it is confidential - COMMUNICATION.
251. Determine by concepts what branch of the national economy we are talking about: “It plays a decisive role in the development of the national economy, determines the scale, structure and territorial organization of productive forces - MACHINE BUILDING (machine-tool and instrument making).
252. Determine the compliance of the modes of transport with the established areas of application: road, rail, air, river and sea. Automobile - transportation of goods and passengers on trackless tracks (cargo and passenger). Zheleznodorozhny - carries out transportation of goods and passengers on railway tracks. Air (characterized by high speeds) is used to transport passengers and mail, as well as expensive, perishable and urgent goods over long distances.
253. The main branch of the chemical and petrochemical industry in Belarus is the production of mineral fertilizers.
254. The main goals of industrial policy in the transition period are: indirect methods of state regulation of effective industrial development (and, if necessary, direct regulation), removal of all obstacles to economic growth that cannot be removed by the natural course of events, economic growth with a dynamic change in the structure and improving the efficiency of industrial production and the competitiveness of products.
255. A feature of the production of building materials and structures is that it is: the use of non-metallic minerals as the main raw material.
256. The sectoral structure of the national economy is: a structure that reflects the ratio, proportions between sectors, intersectoral complexes.
257. The sectoral structure of the country's economy is analyzed: on the basis of GDP, the number of employees, the concentration of fixed assets (fixed capital) by sectors of the economy.
258. Sectors of the national economy are characterized by the following features. Qualitatively homogeneous groups of economic units with special conditions of production in the system of social division of labor, homogeneous products and a specific role in the process of expanded production. Each industry is a set of related enterprises, organizations, institutions, has a certain production and technical unity.
259. Sectors of economic activity that produce and provide services are classified in the following sector of the division of industries: the service sector.
260. Under the influence of scientific and technical progress, new industries (specializations) are created in the machine-building complex: subject (production of certain types of machinery and equipment, household appliances, etc.), detail (production of spare parts, bearings, microcircuits, etc.), technological (production of leaves, blanks etc.), repair work.
261. A branch of the national economy is understood as: qualitatively homogeneous groups of economic units with special conditions of production in the system of social division of labor, homogeneous products and a specific role in the process of expanded production. Each industry is a set of related enterprises, organizations, institutions, has a certain production and technical unity.
262. The concept of "timber industry complex" is used in the following meanings: 1) the totality of forestry, woodworking, pulp and paper and wood-chemical industries (it is in this sense that it is used in this paragraph); 2) economic-organizational and production-technological association of enterprises located on the same industrial site with the mass forestry, in which logging operations are carried out.
263. The concept of a single national economic complex was enshrined: in the Constitution of the Soviet Socialist Republic of 1976.
264. The post-industrial stage of the country's development is a society in whose economy, as a result of the scientific and technological revolution and a significant increase in the population's income, priority has shifted from the predominant production of goods to the production of services. Information and knowledge become a production resource. Scientific developments are becoming the main driving force of the economy. The most valuable qualities are the level of education, professionalism, learning ability and creativity of the employee.
265. The characteristics according to which specialized branches of industry are combined into larger structures are (name a few): general properties of a product, general properties of a resource, general nature of production, number of people employed in the industry, etc.
266. Reasons when in the 80s. 20th century Belarusian industry has ceased to be the basis for sustainable economic growth, are (name a few): isolation from the world market, 70% of the industry was occupied with the extraction and processing of raw materials for the subsequent production of military products and space and space technology, and not the means of production and consumption.
267. The reasons that influenced the decline in the production of most types of light industry products are
268. Continue the phrase: “The number of passengers sent by all types of messages characterizes: passenger transportation.
269. Continue the phrase: “Scrap metal is technological waste and scrap from equipment (fixed assets) that are written off or removed from use.
270. Continue the phrase: “Ensuring rational nutrition of the population, eliminating the uneven consumption of food products both in time and in the regional context, the effective use of agricultural raw materials, this is the role of the food industry.
271. Continue the phrase: “Ensuring timely, high-quality, at the lowest cost satisfaction of the needs of the national economy and the population in transportation is the main task: planning the functioning of transport.
272. Continue the phrase: “Performs state housing and technical and economic policy, manages architectural and urban planning activities on the territory of the country - this is the competence of the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus.
273. Continue the phrase: “Develops industrial policy and scientific and technical policy, manages the machine-building and metalworking industry: Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Belarus.
274. Continue the phrase: “A complex intersectoral system that differs high level integration between its constituent elements along the flows of produced goods, energy and information - this is the definition of: ECONOMIC COMPLEX.
275. Continue the phrase: “The set of machine-building and metal-working industries, as well as related and auxiliary industries, design, engineering and research organizations - this is the definition of a machine-building complex.
276. Continue the phrase: “The totality of industries and types of economic activity, which is characterized by their quantitative ratio and interrelations, is the definition of the INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY.
277. Continue the phrase: “The totality of industries and industries that process agricultural and chemical raw materials and produce consumer goods includes: light industry.
278. Continue the phrase: “The totality of sectors of the economy that produce and process agricultural raw materials, saturate the domestic market with food and ensure the export of food and raw materials - this is the definition: agro-industrial complex.
279. Industrial products are conventionally divided into goods, works, services.
280. The industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus includes: more than 100 branches and structurally represents a complex system, which is characterized by the main progressive tendencies of the world economy.
281. Settlements in construction are carried out for conditionally finished products, to which they are referred. stages of work, execution of structural parts of buildings or types of work.
282. The republican body of state administration of the construction complex is the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus.
283. River and sea transport is used for the carriage of passengers: by ships. Maritime transport is widely used for international and domestic (coastal) transportation.
284. The role of the food industry is to ensure rational nutrition of the population, contribute to the elimination of uneven consumption of food products both in time and in the regional context, make it possible to use agricultural raw materials efficiently and reduce their losses.
285. The role of industrial complexes in the national economy is as follows:
286. Agriculture is called upon to fulfill the following tasks: To provide the population of the country with high-quality food, i. guarantor of food security; supply food industry in enough necessary raw materials; preserve attractive landscapes as a living space, territory for the resettlement of people, the creation of recreation areas, areas for the development of agro-tourism.
287. The system of extraction, transportation, storage, production and distribution of the main types of energy carriers is provided by: the fuel and energy complex of the Republic of Belarus.
288. Construction and installation work is carried out in the following ways: contract and economic.
289. The construction complex includes: contracting and specialized construction organizations, enterprises in the construction industry, mechanization and transport, design and survey, design and technological and research organizations, construction firms, stock exchanges and other formations.
290. The building complex is considered as: an intersectoral system, including a set of enterprises, associations and organizations whose activities are aimed at the creation, reconstruction and development of objects of industrial and non-industrial significance.
291. Fuel and energy balance is: the ratio of production different types fuel and generated energy (incoming part) and their use in the country's economy (expenditure part).
292. Transport of general, non-public use is intended for: General use - to meet the needs of all sectors of the economy and the population in the transportation of goods and passengers, the movement of various types of products between producers and consumers, the provision of public transport services to the population. Non-public use - (departmental, industrial, intra-production) for the transportation of goods and passengers of a particular enterprise, association (association, concern, firm, etc.).
293. The communications industry is managed by: the Ministry of Communications and Informatization and the Ministry of Information (television and radio broadcasting).
294. Industrial production in Belarus is managed by: individual ministries and departments, concerns. Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Belarus.
295. The management of the development of the fuel and energy complex is carried out in the country by: the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Belarus (PO Beltopgaz, PA Belenegro, OJSC Beltransgaz, concern Belneftekhim and other state organizations).
296. The management of the structural subdivisions of the agro-industrial complex is carried out by: the Ministry of Agriculture and Food (includes the management of agricultural production itself, the meat and dairy industry, fisheries, training of personnel for agriculture); Concern "Belgospischeprom" (food industry); Ministry of Industry (tractor and agricultural engineering), etc.
297. Set the correct sequence of the branches of the agro-industrial complex: the first branch, the second branch, the third branch. 1. Agriculture, 2. light industry, 3. tractor and agricultural engineering.
298. Establish a correspondence between the sources of financing for housing construction and their place: first place; second place; third place:
299. The chemical and petrochemical industry is based on:
300. Economic complexes are: a complex intersectoral system that is distinguished by a high level of integration between its constituent elements (enterprises, organizations) in terms of the flows of goods, energy and information produced and, therefore, has high energy efficiency and increased resistance to external factors.
301. What cannot be sources of financial resources for housing construction: own funds, borrowed funds.
302. What is not classified as a service-producing industry: industry, agriculture, construction, forestry.
303. Export-oriented branches of the industrial complex are
304. The institutional environment is formed by: political, social and legal rules that form the basis for production, exchange and distribution.
305. The segments of the foreign exchange market do not include: include exchange trading (on foreign exchange exchanges); over-the-counter (interbank) market; cash currency market; international financial centers.
306. Securities do not include: CBs include: equity securities (shares, IPC “property”), debt obligations (bonds, certificates, promissory notes); derivatives (options, forwards, futures).
307. What is also called the Market of factors of production the market of resources.
308. Which of the statements is the most true? the market is. a set of economic relations for the purchase and sale of goods, within which demand, supply and price for them are formed; A market is any institution or mechanism that brings together buyers (demanders) and sellers (suppliers) of a particular good or service.
309. Which of the answers is wrong? The securities market is divided into: the securities market is divided into primary and secondary, exchange and over-the-counter, urgent and spot.
310. Capital mobilized for the short term to meet additional demand for cash is short-term capital.
311. Monitoring of the labor market at the republican level is carried out:
Market monitoring is tracking the market by the type of indicators: volume and speed of sales; the main buyers of the goods; place of purchase, frequency of purchases by different groups of consumers; market shares of competitors for the type of goods sold; the degree of saturation of the market with this product; the image of the product being sold.
312. On what principle is the functioning of the market not based? based on the principles: private property; voluntary and equivalent interaction of independent and independent economic entities; competition.
313. Operations in the securities market contribute to: solving problems, mobilizing resources; efficient allocation of funds; liquidity management.
314. An agreement between counterparties on the future delivery of the subject of the contract, concluded on the exchange, is a futures contract.
315. The unemployment rate is the ratio of the total number of officially registered unemployed to the economically active population (employed + unemployed).
316. The financial market does not include the financial market includes (money market, foreign exchange market, gold market, capital market) the capital market is often divided into the securities market (stock market) and the loan capital market.
317. A security that gives its owner the right to receive a dividend as a fixed percentage for a share of ownership upon liquidation of the company, but does not give the right to vote in the management of the company (preferred share).
318. In Belarus, money supply aggregates are used: M0 (cash in circulation); M1 (M0 + transferable deposits); М2 (М1 + other term deposits); M2* (ruble money supply) M2+ funds in the Central Bank (except shares); М3 (broad money supply) М2*+ transferable and term deposits.
319. The structure of the currency mechanism includes the following elements: currency methods, currency leverage, legal support, regulatory support.
320. The foreign exchange market is a system of economic and organizational relations that arise between households, firms, commercial banks and other financial institutions for the purchase and sale of foreign currencies and payment documents in foreign currencies. The market through which short-term credit transactions with currency are realized; official and unofficial center where transactions for the purchase and sale of foreign currencies are carried out, the currency exchange. A special market in which foreign exchange transactions are carried out i.e. the exchange of the currency of one country for the currency of another country at a certain nominal exchange rate.
321. Currency quotation is the establishment of the exchange rate of the national currency in foreign currency at a given time.
322. The exchange rate is the price of the currency of one country expressed in the currency of other countries.
323. Cash issued by the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus constitutes: monetary base.
324. Movement of money mediating relationships individuals, business entities and government bodies, or the circulation of income and products in the national economy, is: money circulation.
325. The money multiplier shows how many times the money supply will change if the monetary base changes.
326. The nominal exchange rate is the relative price of the currencies of two countries, or the currency of one country expressed in the monetary unit of another. When the term "exchange rate" is used, it refers to the nominal exchange rate.
327. The bodies of currency control and regulation in the Republic of Belarus are: the Council of Ministers, the National Bank, the State Committee. control, State Customs Committee.
328. A special commodity, designed to serve as a universal equivalent, a conditional measure of the value of any commodity, is money.
329. The relative price of the currencies of two countries, or the currency of one country expressed in the monetary units of the other, is the nominal exchange rate.
330. The real exchange rate is the rate that characterizes the ratio at which the goods of one country can be sold in exchange for the goods of another (ie the ratio of prices (values)) of two countries.
331. The totality of all monetary resources that are in circulation in cash and non-cash forms, ensuring the circulation of goods and services, economic relations between business entities and the state constitute: money supply.
332. The ratio at which the goods of one country can be traded for the goods of another are real exchange rate indices.
333. Establishing the exchange rate of the national currency in foreign currency at a given point in time is called: currency quotation.
334. Emission or issuance of cash is carried out by: the central state. bank.
335. The most important forms of foreign economic relations are: export and import.
336. The export of goods previously imported from abroad, without their processing, is: re-import.
337. Identify the concept that does not correspond to the following statement: “Emerging and functioning world markets play an important role in world economic integration - this: corresponds to the statement: goods and services; capitals; Central Bank; labor; information and technology; scientific developments, as well as the international monetary and monetary systems.
338. Identify the concept that does not correspond to the following statement: “The European Union was created from the following associations: Corresponds: European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC); the European Atomic Energy Community (Euroatom); European Economic Community (EEC).
339. Identify the concept that does not correspond to the following statement: “Integration cooperation allows economic entities (commodity producers): corresponds: to have wider access to various resources: material, financial, labor, to the latest technologies, as well as to increase production volumes based on the market of all the uniting countries; creates an opportunity to more effectively jointly solve common social and environmental problems.
340. Identify the concept that does not correspond to the following statement: “The main forms of cooperation between Russia and Belarus are: the creation of joint executive and advisory structures and bodies; activities to improve payment and settlement and credit mechanisms for the implementation of interregional economic relations; creation of joint ventures; industrial cooperation; development of cross-border trade; marketing assistance to enterprises; information support for interregional cooperation; activities for the development of scientific and technical cooperation; sales and service activities; exhibition and fair activity.
341. Identify the concept that does not correspond to the following statement: “The policy of protectionism, as a system foreign trade policy, carried out through: customs tariffs and tariff restrictions.
342. Globalization is: a complex contradictory phenomenon in the economic and social life of a person, having both positive and negative consequences for various countries of the world, free movement between countries of goods and factors of production (labor, capital and knowledge).
343. The agreement on the formation of the Community of Belarus and Russia was signed: 1996
344. The agreement on the formation of the Union of Belarus and Russia was signed: 1997
345. A free trade zone is: the simplest form of economic integration, where trade restrictions are abolished between the participating countries, primarily customs duties.
346. Cross-country integration is: the process of economic and political unification of individual countries on the basis of a rational interstate division of labor and the formation of stable all-round ties at various levels and in various forms.
347. Name the most important mechanisms of integration processes: international production cooperation, scientific and technical cooperation.
348. Name the simplest form of economic integration: a free trade zone
349. A general indicator of the integration processes of Belarus and Russia is the volume of bilateral foreign trade relations.
350. When restricting the import of foreign goods into the country, they apply: protectionism.
351. When classifying firms as a transnational corporation, UN experts use the following indicator: as an index of transnationality.
352. Continue the phrase: “An agreement by a group of countries on the mutual cancellation of customs tariffs and the establishment of a single tariff policy in relation to third countries is the definition of: a customs union.
353. Continue the phrase: “The sphere of international commodity-money relations, which is the totality of foreign trade of all countries of the globe, is the definition: world trade.
354. Protectionism, as a system of foreign trade policy, is: the policy of the state, which aims to protect the national economy from foreign competition by imposing high duties on imported goods, restricting or completely prohibiting the import of certain goods.
355. Permission to export or import the specified goods within the established period is: a foreign trade agreement.
356. Agreement on the creation of the Common Economic Space (CES) on the territory of the Commonwealth countries (CIS) was signed: 2003 (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Russia).
357. The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was created: as a result of the collapse of the USSR
358. The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) became Economic. Union: September 1993
359. The essence of economic integration is: Economic integration is the highest level of the international division of labor; the process of developing deep and stable relationships between groups of countries, based on the implementation or coordinated interstate economics and policies. Economic integration is cooperation and convergence of the national economies of the region, the elimination of customs barriers and non-tariff restrictions, the unification of economic policies, a monetary union and the introduction of a single monetary circulation.
360. The exchange of goods between organizations, firms located in border areas, their foreign partners from neighboring states is: border trade.
361. Transnationalization is: interstate integration, implemented at the level of private firms.
362. Establish a correspondence between the terms and their definitions: export; import; re-export, re-import. Export - goods exported abroad. Import - goods imported from abroad.
363. The forms of integration processes are: world trade in goods and services; international industrial cooperation; international technical cooperation; formation of regional integration associations.
364. What is not attributed to the main reasons holding back the integration processes of the CIS? Reasons: various models of socio-economic development of the state; different degrees of market transformations and different scenarios and approaches to the choice of priorities for the stages and means of their implementation; insolvency of enterprises, imperfection of payment and settlement relations, non-convertibility of national currencies; inconsistency in the customs and tax policies pursued by individual countries; application of strict tariff and non-tariff restrictions in mutual trade; long distance and high tariffs for cargo transportation and transit services.
365. The national security of a state is determined by: the existing potential, its specifics, the geopolitical position of the country and the nature of its international relations
366. The state of the national economy, which makes it possible to ensure its stable functioning under the influence of unfavorable internal and external factors, the sufficient satisfaction of social needs, the necessary defense capability, and the protection of national interests, determines: economic security.
367. Which of the following does not apply to the classification of types of economic security? Refers to: production, financial, food, energy, infrastructure, innovation, foreign economic.
368. What is not a factor determining the country's foreign economic security? factors that determine the foreign economic security of the country, the competitiveness of goods and services in foreign markets.
369. The economic security of the country is a complex system, the most important components of which are the following types of security: The economic security of the country is a complex system, the most important components of which are the following types of security: industrial, financial, food, energy, infrastructure, innovation, foreign economic.
