Libmonster ID: RU-12670

Major General of the Veterinary Service Vitaly Petrovich Vetrov

(the only one in Russian Federation)

Brief biographical sketch

(Material in the book "generals and heads of military veterinary medicine in Russia)

SOUTH. Boev, Head of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Chief Veterinary and Sanitary Inspector of the Armed Forces, Colonel of the Medical Service (2004 -2010)

Abbreviations: nuclear power station- nuclear power plant,VVI- military veterinary institute,IN- military district sun- military establishment,GSh- General base,cattle- cattle,MIA- Ministry of the Interior,OKVS- veterinary service officer courses,RF- The Russian Federation,R&D- research experimental and control work,research- research work,NSO- scientific student society

Vetrov Vitaly Petrovich - Major General of the Veterinary Service in the reserve, Honored Veterinary Doctor of the Russian Federation, Candidate of Biological Sciences, combat veteran, Chairman of the Council of Veterans of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces, full member of the International Informatization Academy., Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences,

One of the main activities of Vitaly Vetrov as a military veterinary specialist is the protection of the territory of the USSR, the CIS countries and the Russian Federation from the introduction of anthropozoonoses and the elimination of infectious animal diseases. Over the 50-year period of service, he went from a veterinary paramedic to the head of the Central Authority of the country's military veterinary medicine, from lieutenant to general.

V.P. Vetrov was born on January 1, 1948 in the village of Saryagach, Chimkent region, Kazakh SSR, in a family of employees. After graduating from school, he entered the oldest (established in 1932) in Central Asia Kalambek veterinary technical school at the veterinary department. He graduated from a technical school with honors and worked for about a year as a veterinary assistant at a training and production facility.

During this period he was seconded to the detachment of the veterinary police special purpose Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kaz.SSR for the elimination of foot-and-mouth disease type "AI" in the territory of South Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

EDUCATION, THE BEGINNING OF SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ACTIVITY

In 1967 he continued his education at the Alma-Ata Veterinary Institute.

By decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, a military veterinary (special) cycle (1966) was organized at the combined arms department of the institute, designed to train army veterinary personnel and reserve veterinary service officers.

During the period of study at AZVI, V.P. Vetrov was repeatedly involved as a veterinary paramedic in veterinary anti-epizootic teams and expeditions to combat epizootics and outbreaks of infectious animal diseases in Central Asia, Mongolia and East Kazakhstan (rabies, rinderpest, foot and mouth disease, sheep pox, brucellosis, classical swine fever, Newcastle disease ), and also successfully engaged in scientific work in the NSO in the problematic laboratory of virology on closed topics, under the guidance of well-known domestic scientists X.

FAR EASTERN PERIOD

After graduating from the university in 1972, V.P. Vetrov received the specialty of a veterinarian - military veterinary and sanitary expert, the primary officer rank - lieutenant of the veterinary service and was assigned to the cadres of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union. He began his service in the Far Eastern Military District as a veterinarian in charge of controlling the meat allowance of units deployed in wartime states of the 123rd GuardsDukhovshchina-Khingan, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov II degree and October revolution motorized rifle division. Due to official necessity, in addition to the main tasksActed as head of the garrison bakery. (district subordination) In terms of district anti-epizootic affairs, he organized measures to improve a number of garrisons of Primorsky Krai from brucellosis, classical swine fever, tick-borne encephalitis, infectious anemia in horses and other infections, for which he was encouraged by the Commander of the 5th OA with a valuable gift and presented to the next military rank , ahead of schedule.

In 1973 V.P. Vetrov graduated from the 43rd OKVS at the MBA, on the basis of which the military veterinary faculty was created in 1978.

CUBA PERIOD

In 1974, he was sent to the Republic of Cuba, where he participated in the elimination of the consequences of African swine fever and carried out various activities aimed at preventing the disease of Soviet military and civilian specialists. was engaged veterinary and logistic support for the redeployment of Cuban troops to Angola in 1975. On duty, he took an active part in the training of military veterinary specialists from among Cuban officers. Participated in a number of hydrographic expeditions in the South Atlantic, and also visited a number of Caribbean countries. He was directly involved in the logistics of ships and vessels of the Seventh Operational Squadron of the Northern Fleet.

PRIMORSKY PERIOD

In 1976 V.P. Vetrov continued his service in the Far Eastern Military District as the head of the veterinary service of a motorized rifle division. (in Primorye) At the same time, successfully, for a year and a half, he acted as head offood service of the motorized rifle regiment covering the state border, head of the organizational planning department of the formation. During this period, he successfully performed the tasks of logistics support during the construction of the "Battalion Defense Areas" on the Soviet-Chinese border. He takes an active part in the formation of teams of military personnel transferred to the reserve for the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. Participates in the organization of veterinary support for the Railway Troops at BAM. With his participation, veterinary and epizootic reconnaissance was carried out and the veterinary and sanitary condition of the entire BAM route was determined.

At the same time, the veterinary staff of the railway brigades and the veterinary service of the Far East Military District carried out colossal scientific research in terms of identifying anthrax burials and identifying soil infections during construction and moving millions of tons of soil. Only 44 district veterinary laboratories conducted more than 489 thousand studies of soil and soil. For merit in this activity, V.P. Vetrov was awarded the State Award medal "For the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline"

SAKHALIN PERIOD

In 1978, for success in his official activities, he received another promotion - he was appointed to the position of senior veterinary inspector - head of the veterinary service of the combined arms army on Sakhalin. The area of ​​responsibility of the veterinary chief included the island and peninsular part of the Far East and the Arctic coast and was 4.5 thousand km from North to South to 2 thousand km, from East to West and 28.5 thousand miles along the coastline. The veterinary service of the army included veterinary epizootic detachments and veterinary laboratories; 886 VEO, Veterinary Service of the 23rd Omsbrin the village of Coal mines in Chukotka; 252 veo, N - veterinary laboratory, Rybachy village, veterinary services of the 22nd MRD, in the village of Ust-Kamchatsk and 146th military state farm on the Kamchatka Peninsula; 249 VEO Listvenichnoye settlement, 401 veterinary laboratory, veterinary service of the 33rd Motor Rifle Division, veterinarians of formations and units, veterinary service of the 147th military state farm on the island, Sakhalin, veterinary service of the machine gun and artillery division on the islands of Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan; and food quality laboratories at 12 county food depots off the island. Iturup to Providence Bay.

During this period, along with the solution of everyday tasks for the veterinary support of the troops, V.P. Vetrov worked as part of the expeditions of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Pacific Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography) and carried out tasks under the line of the General Staff of the Armed Forces in the field of research work.At the same time, considerable attention was paid to the study of the epizootic situation, the veterinary and sanitary condition in the theater of operations, as well as ethnographic and other expeditions to the Kuriles, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Chukotka and the mainland of the Far East.

In 1981 V.P. Vetrov participated in the aftermath of Typhoon Dora on Sakhalin Island, organizing anti-epizootic and veterinary and sanitary measures, Organized the work of all services for the collection and disposal of about two thousand animal carcasses in the southern regionsSakhalin Islands.Achieved stable well-being of the island garrisons for a number of infections and zoonoses.

BELARUSIAN PERIOD

From June 1983 V.P. Vetrov - head of the veterinary service of the Belarusian Military District. A special milestone in its activities is the elimination of the consequences of the disaster on Chernobyl nuclear power plant. In the course of this work, veterinary support was organized for more than 300,000 troops on the territory of Belarus, and the system of veterinary and radiation control in the area of ​​responsibility was effectively functioning. As a result, the veterinary service of the Belarusian Military District was recognized as the most prepared, efficient and mobile of all special services of a similar profile. She solved many national economic tasks on the territory of the republic.

In the same years, V.P. Vetrov had to perform combat missions for the logistics and veterinary support of individual units and teams, in particular, the formation of separate pack-transport companies for operations in the mountainous desert areas on the territory of the Central Asian, Turkestan, Transcaucasian Military District and the Republic of Afghanistan. And provide rotation personnel veterinary service of the Belarusian military district to gain combat experience in 40 OA.

In addition, Vitaly Vetrov was responsible for providing veterinary equipment, equipment, biological preparations and other items to the troops and forces of the fleet; Northern Group of Forces (Poland); Baltic Military District; (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia) Baltic Fleet; parts and formations of the Strategic Missile Forces; VA of the reserve of the Civil Code and units of central subordination on the territory of the BSSR. And most importantly, the veterinary service of the BVO was entrusted with the formation of more than 20 veterinary institutions of the army and front level for the needs of the fronts and groups of troops of the Warsaw Pact.As a result, out of five years of service in Belarus, the bulk of the service time was spent on exercises, training grounds, and on business trips. tents and kungs.

MOSCOW PERIOD

In March 1988, Vitaly Vetrov was appointed to the position of DeputyHead of the Military Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union.

Thoroughly studies the epizootic situation, flies around and travels around up to 200 subordinate units and institutions on the territory of the Soviet Union and Commonwealth countries, works in the field, organizes close interaction with local party-government and veterinary bodies.

In 1988 V.P. Vetrov was directly involved in the elimination of the consequences of the devastating Spitak earthquake in Armenia, organizing anti-epizootic work and other activities, ensured the epizootic well-being of the entire Transcaucasian military district, in 1989 - Okhinsky on Sakhalin.

From 1989 to 1998 successfully led the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the USSR Ministry of Defense, the United Armed ForcesCIS and Russian army. In the conditions of the collapse of the country and the army, he managed to keep the military veterinary service at the proper qualitative and quantitative level, giving it a new legal status. With his direct participation, the law of the Russian Federation “On Veterinary Medicine” (1993) and the regulation “On State Veterinary Control and Supervision” (1994) were developed. - veterinary and sanitary. The timeliness of the reorganization of the service was especially clearly manifested in the organization of veterinary and sanitary support for the Russian troops in Abkhazia, Transnistria, Tajikistan, Kosovo and the joint forces that were carrying out the task of disarming illegal armed formations on the territory of the Chechen Republic.

During these years, more than 70 documents regulating the legal, social and special status of the veterinary and sanitary service were adopted.

ORGANIZATIONAL MEASURES in MILITARY VETERINARY

Performing the functions of a state customer for the creation of means of protecting agricultural animals and plants, the central department of the veterinary and sanitary service has achieved uninterrupted provision of law enforcement agenciesall types of material and technical and special means, in the field of military veterinary medicine. More than 15 research and development organizations of the country and up to 30 co-executors were involved as performers of research and development in the interests of military veterinary medicine. New positions have been introduced, up to 350 veterinary specialists in some types and branches of the Armed Forces, the staff position of the veterinary staff has been increased.

In addition, 22 laboratories for the veterinary and sanitary examination of foodstuffs have been created, and more than 100 specialized veterinary units have been organized in the troops to serve the livestock sector, which served as the prototype for veterinary organizations (institutions)new image of the Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, now the organization of the veterinary and sanitary serviceLogistics.

PARTICIPATION IN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

In order to protect the territory of the Russian Federation from the introduction of infectious diseases (anthropozoonoses), 26 veterinary checkpoints were formed at military airfields and naval bases. The total number of veterinary staff of the service was increased to more than three and a half thousand military and civilian personnel.

With 1992 to 1998 V.P. Vetrov participated in combat missions on the territory of Abkhazia, the Chechen Republic, Ingushetia, North Ossetia and other regions of the North Caucasus. In 1993 and 1996, he performed special tasks for the leadership of the Ministry of Defense in the countries Central Asia and Tajikistan. Under his direct supervision, veterinary and sanitary support was provided for the KFOR peacekeeping forces in Kosovo, Bosnia and Transnistria.

In 1996 V.P. Vetrov became a candidate of biological sciences. He is the author of more than 250 scientific papers, has 13 copyright certificates, has prepared 7 candidates of veterinary sciences. As a member of the Bureau of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, he has repeatedly represented the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in a number of government committees, commissions, as well as international conferences and symposiums.

Between 1994 and 1997 worked fruitfully as part of Interdepartmental Scientific and Technical Commission for the Protection of the Territory of the Russian Federation from the Importation and Distribution of Especially Hazardousinfectious diseases of humans, animals and plants,as well as toxic substances under the Department of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Ministry of Health of Russia, created to consider and prepare proposals for the organization and implementation of work in the field of preventing and eliminating the consequences of the importation and spread of especially dangerous infectious diseases of people, animals and plants on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as toxic substances.In terms of military veterinary medicine, (supervised the veterinary structures of the ministries of the power bloc) organized the interaction of the services of the interested ministries, departments and organizations of the Russian Federation in carrying out activities to identify, localize and eliminate cases of importation and spread of especially dangerous diseases and toxic substances and determine the degree of their danger.

SCIENTIFIC AND EDITORIAL ACTIVITIES

In 1997, under his editorship, a collection was published scientific articles“290 years of military veterinary business. Lessons from history and challenges for the future. V.P. Vetrov is a co-author of such publications as “Military Symbols and Heraldry of the Military Veterinary Medicine of the USSR and the Russian Federation” (1989, 1994, 2005), “300 Years of the Military Veterinary Medicine of the Armed Forces” (2007), “Generals and Heads of the Military Veterinary Medicine of Russia”, “200 Years military veterinary education in Russia” (2008). Co-author of the three-volume book "Examination of good quality and radiation safety of products, their standardization and certification" (2008),"90 years of the Central Veterinary Warehouse" (2009) and a number of others. Under his methodological leadership, the symbols and heraldry of military veterinary medicine, as well as the bodies of the state veterinary service of the Russian Federation, were determined (1994). V.P. Vetrov is one of the authors of the documentary films "An extraordinary service - a veterinary service" (2000), "300 years of the Military Veterinary Medicine of Russia" (2005). "Military veterinary education in Russia" (2006). "Veterinary and sanitary supervision and control in the Armed Forces" (2007).

As a senior researcher at the Military Veterinary Institute, a member of the Institute's Academic Council, V.P. Vetrov takes all necessary actions to promote the development of information and innovative technologies in the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and VVI. Systematically travels to the troops and universities of the Logistics of the Armed Forces, participates in the educational process of the VVI, pays attention to the patriotic and moral education of the cadets of the institute and military educational institutions Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. He took an active part in the re-edition of textbooks and manuals "Military epizootology" (2006). "Field veterinary and sanitary examination" (2007). "Organization and tactics of the veterinary and sanitary service" (2008).

Between 1999 and 2008 V.P. Vetrov works in the Research Laboratory of Radiology and Toxicology of the Institute and fruitfully participates in Research and development on problem topics. The work performed by the laboratory team in the field of creating protective equipment for military and food animals has no analogues in world practice. Development materials were repeatedly submitted for the competition of state and government prizes of the Russian Federation.

STATE CIVIL SERVICE

Since August 04, 2008, V.P. Vetrov has been on the state civil service in the Office of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance in Moscow and the Moscow Region. As the head of the department of internal veterinary supervision and approvals of the territorial Department of the Rosselkhoznadzor of the Russian Federation, organizes and carries out control and supervision activities for the subject veterinary services to fulfillfunctions transferred by the Russian Federation in the field of veterinary medicine. Performs the functions of coordinator of departments of veterinary supervision in railway, road, air transport and temporary storage warehouses for regulated goods, circulation of animals and other tasks assigned to the state veterinary supervision of the Russian Federation. Participates in the development of the concept of the veterinary legal and methodological framework, in the implementation of the control and supervisory functions of the bodies of the Rosselkhoznadzor of the Russian Federation.From January 2016; Independent expert of the Territorial Administration of Rosselzoznadzor for the city of Moscow, Moscowand Tula region.

MERITS AND AWARDS

Major General in reserve V.P. Vetrov was awarded the Order of Courage, Honor, 38 medals, in. including combat: "For Courage", "For Military Merit" and "For Combat Cooperation". By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated February 6, 2008, he was awarded the Order of Honor for high personal performance in official activities and many years of conscientious work. He has awards from foreign countries: the "Brotherhood in Arms" medal and the "XX Anniversary" commemorative medal (storming of the Moncada barracks)Republic of Cuba. "Medal for Good Service to Afghanistan" medal "From the grateful Afghan people" DRA, medal "60 years of the Mongolian People's Revolution" MPR.

Him p the honorary title "Honored Veterinary Doctor of the Russian Federation" was awarded (1994), as well as "Warrior-Internationalist" (1989), "Liquidator of the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster" (1986), "Veteran of military operations" (2003). Honorary veteran of the city of Moscow (2013) Has; Letters of thanks from the President of the Russian Federation, Diplomas from the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, his deputies.Insignia from ministries and departments, as well as from public organizations and associations.

PUBLIC ACTIVITY AND SERVICE.

V..P. Vetrov - Chairman of the Veterinary Council of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces (1999), member of the Council of Veterans of the Far East (1992), the All-Russian Heraldic Society (1994). Chairman of the District Coordinating Council of the Regional Public Organization Soyuz "Chernobyl" of ZAO Moscow (2008). Member of the Public Council of the Western Administrative District of Moscow.

December 26, 2008 - Major General of the Veterinary Service in the reserve V.P. Vetrov was elected Deputy Chairman of the Central Council of the Interregional Public Organization of Veterans of the Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

From February 2011 to present. Inspector of the group (of inspectors) of the Department, and then the Headquarters of Logistics . Google. Yandex

Permanent link for scientific papers (for citation):

Boev Yury Gennadevich, MAJOR GENERAL OF THE VETERINARY SERVICE VETROV VITALY PETROVICH // Moscow: Russian Libmonstr (website). Date of update: 15.11.2016..03.2020).

Major General Reserve Veterinary Service Vitaly Petrovich Vetrov is 60 years old. Of the 32 years of service in the Armed Forces, 13 he served in the Far East. Then there were Sakhalin, Belarus, Cuba ... I traveled all over Soviet Union and many countries of the former Warsaw Pact. He is a witness and a direct participant in very significant events, including tragic ones...
From November 1974 to December 1976, he served in Cuba as a veterinarian in a separate military unit of Vetrov. There he solved multifaceted tasks of organizing veterinary support, did everything to prevent diseases common to humans and animals among our military personnel, workers and employees, members of their families, Navy sailors and civilian personnel performing tasks of national economic importance. He was also in charge of ensuring the food safety of food supplied to the Soviet contingent in various parts of the world.
A notable event for him was participation in the elimination of the consequences of African swine fever in a number of provinces of the Republic of Cuba, veterinary support for the relocation of Cuban troops to Angola by air and sea in 1975. As well as participation in hydrographic expeditions in the Panama Canal zone, the Caribbean Islands, the Sargas Sea and other places.
Providing assistance to the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Cuba, Vitaly Vetrov took an active part in the training of veterinary specialists from among Cuban officers.
In 1978–1983 Vetrov is a senior veterinary inspector of a separate army of the Far Eastern Military District. During that period, along with the solution of everyday tasks of veterinary support, he great attention devoted to the arrangement of his departments, the reconstruction of veterinary service institutions in the Kuriles, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Chukotka and on the mainland of the Far East. His business was the reconnaissance of the theater of operations in remote areas of the island and peninsular parts of the Far Eastern Military District, participation in a number of research expeditions through the General Staff and the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1981, during the elimination of the consequences of Typhoon Dora, he took prompt measures to dispose of dead animals in the area of ​​Aninsky Bay on Sakhalin, which ensured the epizootic well-being of the island.
At the same time, the young officer had to solve the problems of veterinary support for a limited contingent of Soviet troops on the territory of the Republic of Afghanistan.
In 1983, Vetrov, major of the veterinary service, was appointed head of the veterinary service of the Belarusian Military District. He gave this position for five years. During this time, the service subordinate to him did not allow a single case of anthropozoonoses or toxic infections among the personnel of the troops and members of the families of military personnel. According to the estimates of the Military Veterinary Department of the USSR Ministry of Defense, it was in the lead in all respects, having ensured complete well-being in its area of ​​responsibility in 1983-1988.
A special milestone in the activities of Vitaly Vetrov is the management of the organization and implementation of measures entrusted to the veterinary service of the district in the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The military veterinary service from the first days was involved in the work to ensure the radiation safety of both livestock products and agricultural facilities. The functioning of the system of posts of veterinary and radiation control was ensured, radiometric control of all agricultural products was organized and the radiation safety of food products in the territory of the BWO was ensured. At the same time, not a single case of meat and milk contaminated with radionuclides was admitted to the processing enterprises of Belarus. These and other activities of the veterinary service made it possible to protect the health of the personnel of the district troops and their families, as well as the population in the radioactively contaminated area of ​​the BSSR.
The Veterinary Service of the BVO, headed by Vetrov, during the liquidation of the consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, proved to be the most trained, operational and mobile service among all paramilitary units that performed similar tasks.
Since March 1988, Lieutenant Colonel of the Veterinary Service Vetrov - Deputy Head of the Military Veterinary Department of the USSR Ministry of Defense. In this position, he was directly involved in the elimination of the consequences of the devastating Spitak earthquake in December 1988, organized veterinary support for the troops and the civilian population, placed veterinary institutions and units in the destruction zone, and controlled the epizootic situation on the territory of the Armenian SSR.
Since 1989, colonel of the veterinary service Vitaly Vetrov has been in charge of the military veterinary service of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, the joint Armed Forces of the CIS, the Russian Federation, consistently holding the appropriate positions. In 1995 he became a general.
richest practical experience, high military-theoretical training and, most importantly, dedication in the work of Vitaly Vetrov became the basis not only for the confident leadership of the service, but also for its successful reform in the conditions of building the Russian army.
With the direct participation of V.P. Vetrov, in the Law of the Russian Federation “On Veterinary Medicine”, the military veterinary service was given the legal status of a departmental veterinary and sanitary service, which significantly expanded its rights and obligations. Under his leadership, the priorities of the service were determined, the concept of its development as an integral part of the unified system of state veterinary supervision was revised. Also, the military veterinary service was reorganized into a veterinary and sanitary service, as a result of which the organizational and staffing structure of the service was as close as possible to the modern composition and purpose of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. New service documents were duly developed and old documents were revised, its composition was brought into line with the real scope of work on in-depth examination of food and the diagnosis of infectious animal diseases.
All this allowed the service to reach a modern, qualitatively new level and significantly increase the efficiency of work. The skillful management of the veterinary and sanitary service in the conditions of the difficult economic situation in the country and the underfunding of the Armed Forces made it possible to ensure the stable epizootic well-being of the areas of deployment of troops and fleet-based forces, as well as food safety at the stages of production, procurement and storage in stocks. At the same time, the service put a strict barrier to the abuses associated with the supply of unsuitable food to the troops.
The timeliness of the reorganization of the service was especially clearly manifested in the organization of veterinary and sanitary support for Russian troops in Abkhazia, Transnistria, Tajikistan, Kosovo, as well as the joint forces opposing illegal armed formations on the territory of the Chechen Republic.
Vetrov was a member of the Bureau of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, represented the military department in the Interdepartmental Scientific and Technical Commission for the Protection of the Territory of the Russian Federation from the Importation and Spread of Especially Dangerous Infectious Diseases of People, Animals and Plants, as well as Toxic Substances under the Department of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Ministry of Health of Russia.
Major-General of the Veterinary Service Vitaly Vetrov was distinguished by a deeply thought-out, balanced and scientifically based approach to the management of the service. This was largely facilitated by the multifaceted scientific activity, a wide range of his scientific interests.
Vitaly Petrovich - the author of about 150
scientific works. Under his leadership, textbooks, teaching aids, manuals, manuals and instructions on the veterinary and sanitary service were revised and published. It has 13 copyright certificates. It should be noted in passing that Vetrov is a co-author of a number of projects on military veterinary symbols and heraldry. He paid close attention to this.
realizing the role and significance of the intensive development of informatization, Vetrov, as head of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, did a lot for the development information technologies and processes in the service.
Under Vetrov, the role and importance of military veterinary medicine in the country is noticeably increasing. So, in 1990, by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the Military Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Defense was entrusted with the functions of the general customer for the creation of veterinary and phytosanitary protection means. The membership of the head of military veterinary medicine in the bodies of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences and a number of state committees and commissions.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No.
On June 7, 1995, the highest military rank of Major General of the Veterinary Service was introduced as the head of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service - Chief Veterinary and Sanitary Inspector of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Veterinary and sanitary support of troops as one of the types of logistics support acquires a preventive direction in terms of creating anti-epizootic and veterinary and sanitary well-being of the activities and deployment of troops, fleet forces and other formations where military service is legally provided.
In recent years, more than 40 documents have been adopted, including combat ones, regulating the legal, social and special status of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service, and an organizational and mobilization body has been formed as part of the department. More than 15 research and development organizations were involved as performers of research and design work in the interests of military veterinary medicine.
In some branches and branches of the Armed Forces, the number of veterinary specialists was increased to 300, the staff position of the veterinary staff was increased, a three-year period of study was introduced at the military veterinary faculty and special programs were introduced for higher military educational institutions of the rear of the Armed Forces, specializing in Veterinary and sanitary provision of the troops.
In addition, 22 laboratories for the veterinary and sanitary examination of food were created, and more than 100 specialized veterinary units were organized in the troops to serve the livestock sector, and about 20 veterinary control points were formed at military airfields and naval bases. The total number of veterinary personnel of the service has been increased to 3,000 servicemen and civilian personnel. All this was created with the most active participation of General Vetrov, thanks to his efforts.
After transfer to the reserve in 1998. Vitaly Petrovich works at the Military Veterinary Institute. Giving a lot of time to scientific research and experiment, he does not shy away from social activities, for more than 10 years he has been chairing the council of veterans of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces.
Most recently, a three-volume manual was published: “Examination of good quality and radiation safety of products. Their standardization and certification”. In this work, one of the most urgent sections of veterinary medicine is developed - the examination of good quality, safety and usefulness of food products. In the age of a catastrophic increase in pollution of all spheres of human habitation, this direction is of paramount importance in terms of ensuring the health, and hence the life of mankind.
The manual is intended for a new generation of young professionals starting their responsible path in life. how tutorial The three-volume edition will accompany cadets of the Military Veterinary Institute, training centers (courses) for reserve officers, and students of veterinary universities during all years of study. The manual presents all necessary material on the history of the subject, on radiobiology, on general and private veterinary and sanitary examination of products, their good quality, safety and usefulness.
As an applied manual, the three-volume book will be indispensable for practicing military specialists of the veterinary and sanitary services, all structures of the power unit, including for specialists from the Ministry of Emergency Situations, as it contains the latest scientific developments on a number of topical issues of examination of good quality and food safety, as well as a description of new progressive examination instruments and methods of their use. One of the authors of this manual is Vitaly Vetrov.
It is worth adding that he is also the only one of the veterinary chiefs of the post-war period who was awarded a nominal firearm. Vitaly Petrovich was also awarded state awards. Among them are the Orders of Courage, Honor, medals "For Courage" and "For Military Merit". Vetrov is an honored veterinarian of the Russian Federation. But most of all, he, I think, cherishes the fact that he still remains for all employees of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service a model of devotion to the profession and military duty.

On the picture: in the hands of Vitaly Vetrov - a new textbook on military veterinary medicine.

Military Thought No. 7/2007, pp. 41-47

Tasks of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in Combating Biological Terrorism

Head of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation,

colonel of the medical serviceSOUTH. BOEV

Honored Veterinarian of the Russian Federation,

Major General of the Veterinary Service in the reserveV.P. VETROV ,

candidate of biological sciences

Without in any way diminishing the role and significance of epidemiology, the achievements of military medicine, and special services for protection against weapons of mass destruction, let us dwell on some aspects of military veterinary medicine, which celebrated its 300th anniversary in 2007. At the same time, it must be said that the problems that humanity faced many centuries ago remain and acquire new sophisticated forms. in technogenic world, and first of all - prevention, elimination of epizootics and counteraction to biological terrorism. In solving these problems, a responsible and significant role is assigned to military veterinary medicine - fundamental branch of natural, biological, military sciences and special knowledge. In any case, the manifestation of any infectious principle, i.e., a "biologically hazardous agent" or its localization, is associated with veterinary science and practice, since it is the most important factor in breaking the natural or artificially created "epizootic chain" that exists in nature.

A distinctive feature of biological weapons is the rapid spread of certain diseases among humans and animals. As a result of the use of highly contagious pathogens, epidemics and epizootics can occur.

The use of biological weapons is the gravest crime against humanity. Therefore, on June 17, 1925, more than 60 states signed the Geneva Protocol on the Prohibition of the Use of Asphyxiating, Poisonous and Other Similar Gases and Biological Means in War or acceded to it. In 1928, the USSR ratified the Geneva Protocol; in 1975, the United States ratified this protocol. Big win progressive humanity is the UN Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Biological Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, adopted in 1972. The Convention was signed by more than 10 states (1975), including the USSR, USA, Japan, France, Germany, Great Britain. On February 11, 1975, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ratified the Convention. In the same year, it was ratified by about forty more states, including the United States.

Until the beginning of the third millennium of politics, public figures The leading countries of the world considered biological terrorism as a purely theoretical phenomenon that did not pose any particular threat to the security of the state.

After the first case of anthrax infection on October 11, 2001 in the United States, this phenomenon became a sad fact, and the instruments of biological terror acts from theoretical hypotheses became a terrible reality.

Today, the potential of new technologies in the field of applied microbiology and genetic engineering, which can be used to create biological agents, can lead to the unexpected emergence of large-scale epidemics and epizootics induced by terrorist attacks.

According to experts in the field of microbiology, virology and genetic engineering in the United States, even the selective use of anthrax pathogens can paralyze work. medical institutions any city in the USA. Of particular concern is the ease with which the components or even the biological agents themselves, including live microorganisms, including anthrax bacilli, can be obtained. Now more than 500 web pages are known that offer the sale and purchase of any strains of microorganisms (from ITAR-TASS reports in June 2000).

Why are especially dangerous infections such as anthrax, plague, botulism, smallpox, etc. attractive for various terrorist groups to use against the civilian population?

First of all , free availability. Many of the biological agents listed above can now be obtained at some research institutes, naturally, having a certain “mercantile key” to this issue. Free trade via the Internet is not excluded.

Secondly, the insufficient level of readiness of epidemiologists and epizootologists to counteract and protect against acts of biological terrorism, the weakness of the system of existing anti-epidemic and anti-epizootic tools in the structures of law enforcement agencies, health authorities and other structures.

Thirdly, high secrecy of the act of biological terrorism: after it has been carried out, there will be no information for a certain time as a result of the so-called delayed effect due to the mandatory incubation period for any infection. The etiology of the disease (specific causative agent of the disease) will not be known, since this information will be available only after the appearance of the first typical cases of infections. So, when using anthrax pathogens, the first cases with symptoms of an acute respiratory viral infection appear only after a few days.

Fourth, in two or three days, terrorists can freely leave the site of a biological attack and destroy all technical and other means of attacking the civilian population or domestic and wild animals. An uncontrolled outbreak of an infection of unknown etiology begins to unfold in the affected area with high level mortality, both among the population and among animals.

Fifth, only after a week, or even two, it is possible to establish the very fact of the use of a biological agent, before experts determine that it was indeed a terrorist act.

The likelihood of a large-scale war with the use of weapons of mass destruction in recent times decreased significantly, but the intensified efforts of international terrorist organizations to gain access to chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction, as well as technologies for their production and use, cannot but cause concern.

It is known that according to the criterion "efficiency - cost", chemical weapons are dozens, and biological hundreds of times superior to nuclear weapons. At the same time, calculations show that the use of poisonous and highly active substances by terrorists on animals and the contamination of food raw materials by them will cause a much smaller psychological effect than the use of biological weapons, since the presence of a latent period after the use of biological agents until the onset of symptoms of damage greatly complicates the establishment of the fact of their application and elimination of the consequences of a terrorist attack. In addition, according to experts, the consequences of the use of biological weapons by extremists will be more serious than in conventional biological warfare, since the task of terrorists is to inflict maximum damage and they will use the most dangerous types of biological weapons that cause maximum human losses. At the same time, these may be original acts of intimidation carried out in order to destabilize the situation, as was the case in the autumn of 2001 in the United States, where anthrax spores were found in mail. And although in this case only 23 people were infected, the situation in American society at that time was quite complicated, close to panic. According to foreign authors who studied possible consequences the use of biological agents, the problems that may arise in this case are extremely difficult to resolve. They require a set of specialized knowledge of representatives of many professions interacting at various levels.

Currently, a special place is occupied by problem of genetically modified microorganisms. Achievements in molecular biology and genetic engineering make it possible to create new generations of biological warfare weapons with enhanced destructive properties, the indication and fight against which is impossible using existing methods. With the help of new technologies, such changes in benign agents will be achieved, as a result of which they will be able to produce toxins, poisons and bioregulators, while not being able to be detected and identified by standard methods. It is also possible to create in pathogens resistance (resistance) to antibiotics and vaccines, increased resistance to the effects of factors environment and action of various disinfectants. In addition to biological agents capable of causing massive human diseases, bioterrorists can use biological agents(including genetically modified forms), the use of which will cause irreparable economic damage throughout the state as a result of the mass death of farm animals and the destruction of plant crops.

The consequences of the use of biological agents can be very serious in terms of the economic security of the state. Suffice it to say that epizootics of such a disease as foot-and-mouth disease can cause enormous economic damage. For example, losses from foot-and-mouth disease in South America where it is an enzootic disease, amount to approximately US$ 510 million per year. It should be added here that measures to combat this disease are also quite costly, since the existing possible strategies for combating FMD at the state level: without vaccination - the destruction of all diseased livestock and the preservation of sales markets, vaccination and the closure of sales markets for the relevant livestock products - require the involvement of significant financial resources.

An analysis of foreign literature shows that one of the key means of combating a biological attack is early indication and identification of biological agents. In order to prepare to repulse a biological attack, the governments of a number of countries have allocated significant allocations for the creation of means for detecting and identifying biological weapons.

In order to effectively counter biological terrorism, develop means of indicating and identifying agents of biological weapons, in 2002 alone in the United States, the Office of Advanced Research of the Ministry of Defense allocated more than $ 70.5 million. cash to intensify R&D to find new ways to protect against biological weapons. As part of a special program implemented since 2002 by the military chemical laboratory in Porton Down (Salisbury, Wiltshire), more advanced methods for detecting anthrax, plague, etc. are being developed, new vaccines are being created, and non-traditional methods of vaccinating the population are being sought. and military personnel. In recent years alone, more than 17,000 scientific experiments have been carried out using animals. China is stepping up efforts in the field of biomedical research, where the main areas of R&D are basic research in the field of genetic engineering, for which $ 20.4 million has been allocated. In Canada, over the past 10 years, a complete reorganization and modernization of the entire laboratory service has been carried out. Since 2005, allocations for these purposes in the developed countries of the world have increased significantly.

In the scientific world, the closest attention is paid to the problems of biological terrorism. Thus, at the end of the last century (1997), the first scientific-practical conference on the topic "Combating the use of biological weapons by terrorists" was held in Washington. Representatives of Congress, the Department of Defense, intelligence agencies and specialists from leading US research centers took part in its work. During the conference, it was noted that now there is a clear trend towards the possession of biological weapons by terrorists, which is explained by the advantages of this type of weapon, the difficulty of detection, the possibility of using dual-use technologies in its production, low cost and ease of manufacture, the availability of all necessary components, a variety of applications and obtaining a significant intimidating effect.

The conference developed the following main areas in the field of indication, identification and development of means of protection against biological agents: design of remotely controlled mobile sensors and laboratories capable of registering and identifying biological agents and toxins; the search for new vaccines and drugs, the creation of means for detecting and counteracting pathogens using genetic engineering.

A disappointing conclusion was also made that not a single state in the world is ready, even partially, to counteract the use of bacteriological weapons by terrorists and to protect citizens - primarily due to insufficient stocks of antibiotics and vaccines, as well as due to the lack of means of detection and identification of biological agents that affect certain ethnic groups of the population.

The growing likelihood of terrorists using biological and chemical means poses a real threat to the national security of our state. In Russian federation in in accordance with the Federal Law of May 28, 2001 No. 60-FZ "On the state of emergency", the Armed Forces are involved to liquidation of emergency situations and saving the lives of people in the composition of the forces Unified State System for Prevention and Liquidation of Emergency Situations. These include natural and man-made emergencies, environmental emergencies, including epidemics and epizootics.

Against the background of the real growth of the biological threat, the modern problem of biological security is of increasing concern to the population, politicians and scientists, since it is of crucial importance for any state and cannot be effectively addressed without the development of national and international strategic directions in this area.

From November 7 to 9, 2006 at the Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov hosted an international seminar on the topic "Improvement of biological safety and protection systems: development of national and international strategic directions." This forum was organized by the Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov, the International Council for Biomedical Sciences, the Global Partnership program of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade of Canada, etc. The seminar was attended by leading scientists in the field of biological safety, epidemiology and microbiology of Russia, Canada, the USA, Great Britain, Japan and other countries . The veterinary direction of this industry was represented by A.V. Ivanov - Professor, Director of the Federal Center for Toxicological and Radiation Safety of Animals.

According to leading scientists, the greatest biological threat to humans and society at this stage is:

natural reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms and uncontrolled spread of living organisms, including genetically modified ones, with unidentified mechanisms of influence on ecosystems;

mass outbreaks of infectious diseases (epidemics, epizootics, epiphytoties) of natural origin;

accidents and sabotage at facilities where work with pathogenic microorganisms is carried out;

the use of microorganisms and ecopathogens for military and terrorist purposes, including sabotage at biologically hazardous facilities.

At present, due to the growth of biological threats, a decrease in the level of protection of the population and the environment is clearly visible. The increase in the level of biological hazard is due to many factors, namely: an increase in the number of dangerous objects that have exhausted their technical and technological resources; the presence of natural, natural focal reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms; a decrease in the professional training of technical and maintenance personnel, violations of the rules and procedures for ensuring physical protection, storage, and handling of pathogenic microorganisms; deviation from the norms during the construction (modernization) of hazardous facilities, the production of specialized equipment; an increase in the likelihood of environmental disasters associated with the large-scale use of technologies that are environmentally imperfect in terms of biological safety in industry and agriculture; activation of terrorist manifestations in relation to dangerous objects.

Thus, the problem of ensuring the biological safety of Russia should be considered as a priority state program aimed at developing fundamental and applied science, technology and technology, preventing emergency situations and eliminating their consequences, and improving the professional training of technical and maintenance personnel. A necessary and main condition for the successful prevention of biological threats and the elimination of dangerous situations is the unification of the forces of the entire world community through participation in joint programs, the creation of a network of interacting international structures, and the development of international laws and regulations.

The most significant in a series of new documents related to countering terrorism, including biological terrorism, is the law “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Adoption of the Federal Law “On Ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism” and the Federal Law “On Countering Terrorism ". Experts believe that even now we can talk about the formation in Russia of a serious legal basis for countering terrorism. It consists of two basic federal laws, a number of separate norms of other laws, several decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, laws on the ratification of 12 UN universal conventions on combating terrorism and separate regional agreements within the Council of Europe, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the CIS.

In the general system of chemical, biological protection of troops (forces) carries out its activities veterinary and sanitary service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, complementing the activities of the RKhBZ troops, the medical service by solving specific tasks. In particular, the veterinary and sanitary service carries out: epizootic and veterinary and sanitary reconnaissance; monitoring the epizootic situation and forecasting it, taking into account all the factors influencing the course and course of the epizootic process; specific indication of biological agents of the environment, etc.

The main directions of the work of the service for combating agrobiological terrorism are defined in the directive of the Chief of Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated May 27, 2001 "On measures to prevent the introduction and spread of dangerous diseases of animals and plants on the territory of the Russian Federation". One of the main tasks of the veterinary and sanitary service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is to protect the territory of Russia from the introduction of contagious animal diseases and quarantine plant diseases from outside.

As part of the adoption of legislative measures to counter terrorism, the President of the Russian Federation in 2001 approved the "List of chemicals, equipment and technologies that can be used in the creation of chemical weapons and in respect of which export control has been established” and “List of pathogens (pathogens) of humans, animals and plants, genetically modified microorganisms, toxins, equipment and technologies subject to export control”. Measures to prevent the importation and spread of pathogens of infectious animal diseases, dangerous pests, plant diseases and quarantine weeds into Russia from abroad by military vehicles are carried out by veterinary checkpoints at military airfields and naval bases.

The most important activities of military veterinary medicine to protect troops, farm animals and habitats in extreme situations, natural man-made disasters are:

targeted collection, systematization of data on the state of natural foci of diseases, the presence of infectious diseases in foreign countries, analysis and forecasting of the epizootic situation, creation of a data bank for making reasoned strategic decisions to protect the territory of the Russian Federation from the importation and spread of especially dangerous anthropozoonotic diseases;

development, using modern biological technologies, of new and improvement of existing means and methods for express diagnostics and protection of animals and plants from lesions by pathogens of especially dangerous diseases, as well as systems for conducting agro-industrial production;

planning and providing assistance in carrying out organizational and methodological measures in areas adjacent to radiation, chemically and biologically hazardous facilities and enterprises, the operation of which is associated with the possibility of man-made disasters;

development of methods for neutralization, disinfection, decontamination, conservation, storage and processing of food raw materials, ensuring the receipt of food products safe for the human body from animals affected by man-made substances due to possible terrorist acts and natural disasters, accompanied by the destruction of chemical, biological industrial enterprises, as well as enterprises with nuclear cycle;

introduction into practice of the latest methods of disease prevention and treatment of injuries to military and food animals, as well as comprehensive research, preparation and creation of a new generation of preventive and medicinal products- antidotes.

In general, when considering the possible consequences of a biological terrorist attack, it should be noted that all probable outcomes are described in the relevant manuals, and specialists of the veterinary and sanitary service of the RF Armed Forces are able to use the principles of elimination of consequences that have already been worked out in practice, applying them in real modern conditions.

The editorial board and the editors of the journal "Military Thought" heartily congratulate the military personnel and civilian personnel of the veterinary and sanitary service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, veterans, all those who devoted themselves to this difficult task and invested their mind, talent and labor into it on the anniversary.

We wish you, dear friends, good health, personal happiness andwell-being, success in service and work for the benefit of our Motherland.

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"Epizootic is not only an economic but also a political enemy" (V.I. Lenin.)

In fact, the winged expression even today belongs to the fiery revolutionary and life veterinarian Bauman.
Why is this problem so relevant to this day? on the fifth year of the new millennium. Without underestimating the importance of military veterinary medicine, which will enter its 300th anniversary in 2007, it should be noted that the problems facing man many centuries ago acquire new sophisticated forms in the technogenic world, and primarily the military aspect of the application of this branch of science.
Widespread technology in the world fast food food, including Russia "Ready to eat" i.e. special dry rations for types and branches of troops require mandatory veterinary control.
This is actually confirmed in the military operations of troops in Yugoslavia, local conflicts, the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus, as well as the Coalition troops in Iraq, not to mention the more serious tasks of the anti-epizootic plan and the fight against biological terrorism.

History reference.

In 102 AD, the Roman legionnaires, led by King Troyan, on a campaign against the Dacian bastion (Dacia), beyond the Danube (present-day Romania), always took saddlers, blacksmiths and veterinarians with them. Namely, veterinarians, and not konoval, as they were called later in ancient Russia, and ironically at the present time. Weapons, ammunition and a 3-day supply of grain, i.e. the cargo, with a total weight of 26 kg, was carried by the soldiers.

The fruits of enlightenment. History of the Roman Empire Diskaveri 1994

(In order of comparison with US veterinarians)

For example, an article dated April 01, 2003 from the javma magazine "Military veterinarians guarding the freedom of the people of Iraq" which states that two-thirds of the health officers in the US air force centcom, consisting of veterinarians, ensure the health of the military contingent, the population and the environment in the theater of the military actions of coalition detachments in the Central Asian Command, including Iraq, Afghanistan and the Horn of Africa. In order to maintain their high combat readiness. Verbatim; Military veterinarians keep working dogs that keep American soldiers safe in Iraq.
They supervise the safety of food and liquor, which the troops so cherish. (Coalitions) US Army Veterinary Corps Veterinarians perform fundamental missions for the citizens of a free Iraq. Food safety is a very important issue for coalition troops in the theater of war, where veterinarians are in the lead in this area.
The Senate of the leading country in the world is well aware that due to objective geographical, religious, political, climatic, economic conditions, falsification of products and because of the extreme nature of the environment, the role of veterinary specialists is of paramount importance in these conditions.
Without being touched by the achievements of the "former probable opponents", the world veterinary luminaries state the following; I will cite only the words of Artem Khristoforovich Sarkisov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the greatest mycologist of world renown, now deceased "Historically, military veterinary medicine in Russia has a classic experience in organizing the veterinary business of troops, including those outside its territory and in local conflicts."
It is not in vain that the military horsemen of the Russian army have established themselves in Europe since 1707, 30 years earlier than their official registration as an independent branch of special veterinary science and practice. What is clearly confirmed by all historical events. On the example of the organization of veterinary support for the 40th separate army in Afghanistan, developed by the Headquarters of the Logistics of the USSR Armed Forces and, first of all, Major General of the Medical Service Oleg Belenky. Subsequently, put into practice by lieutenant colonel Grigory Gabelk and Vasily Tsygulev, the first military Afghan veterinary pioneers; Viktor Kholopov, Anatoly Shapovalov and Vladimir Burkov, now one of the leaders of the Association of Veterinary Medicine in Moscow. By the way, Viktor Kholopov arrived on December 27, 1979 in the city of Ferghana to check on the state of the veterinary support of the 80th Guards Airborne Division, but immediately went to war. At that time, an air assault brigade was deployed on the funds of the division, in the staff of which he was included, those. the first military veterinarian arrived on 301279 in Afghanistan. In the future, the experience of military veterinary medicine in solving the problems facing the service was increased during the eradication of epizootics for African plague in Cuba in 1970-72, and in the Odessa region at the end of the 80s. last century, rinderpest and sheep pox in Central Asia, outbreaks of anthrax, foot and mouth disease, brucellosis, leukemia and tuberculosis in various regions of the vast Soviet and post-Soviet space. Military veterinary medicine proved to be one of the most trained mobile special services (forces) in ensuring the country's radiation safety during the Chernobyl disaster, maintaining stable epizootic well-being of the Transcaucasian republics during the 1989 Spitak earthquake, and then the Okhinsky earthquake on Sakhalin. It ensured the protection of the borders and territory of the Russian Federation from the penetration and spread of infectious animal diseases during the periods of the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus and the unstable economic state of Russia at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. Through the efforts of the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the PurVO, and first of all, the 201st MSD, together with the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the North Caucasian Military District, Moscow Military District, KpFl and KsPN, in cooperation with the state veterinary authorities of the Russian Federation and the state veterinary structures of the countries of Central Asia, has been supported for two decades epizootic stability in the south of Russia. This indisputable fact serves as a concrete proof of the importance of the service and its tasks. Those paramount tasks and problems that lie on the shoulders of an extremely small structure, in comparison with the number of existing state institutions, in the field of veterinary medicine and public health.
Veterinary and sanitary service in the center and in the field, under the supervision of prominent leaders; Major General of the Veterinary Service Vitaly Vetrov, Colonels Vladimir Burkov, Yuri Boev and Heads of Services of Operational-Strategic Associations: Ivan Ponomarev, Alexander Tyulenev, Ivan Kolesnichenko, Igor Maksimov, Vasily Garmaev, Nikolai Pecherkin, Nikolai Yanchuk, Boris Kobzenko, Konstantin Kolosov, Alexander Andrienko, Evgeny Yudina and other "veterinary aces" increased her veterinary and combat experience in numerous interethnic conflicts: in Baku, Nagorno-Karabakh, Transnistria, Abkhazia in Tajikistan and far beyond the borders of the Motherland. During the disarmament of illegal armed formations and the conduct of an anti-terrorist operation in Chechnya and the North Caucasus, military veterinarians, in particular V. Vetrov, V. Burkov, I. Tyulenev and Y. Selivanov, prevented mass outbreaks among animals and the population of anthrax, foot-and-mouth disease, tularemia and other anthropozoonoses.
There were many tragic pages and difficult trials in the history of Russia. And at present, the country is going through a difficult period when we have to overcome the consequences of changes in the domestic political life of the country, state structure, in international relations.
The once mighty state - the Soviet Union, could not resist in a rapidly changing world. But, despite all the difficulties, we managed to preserve its core - the Russian Federation.
The consequences of such changes were not long in affecting the economic and domestic political life of our country and our people. The military-political position of Russia in the international arena has also changed.
Russia did not retain the power and influence in the international arena that the Soviet Union had. Therefore, many of Russia's peaceful initiatives and proposals aimed at strengthening international security have been ignored by the international community. The United States had a big influence on this.
Returning to the topic of the importance of military veterinarians and the entire veterinary industry as a whole, as a complex of biological, humanitarian, special sciences, and especially genetic engineering, as well as practical areas of all areas of its activity, in the real conditions of biological terrorism, the following should be noted. At present, the country has lost those developed programs and a clear system of measures for anti-epizootic protection of the population, including animal husbandry, that existed in the state structures of the USSR. For example, in all territorial bodies of the civil defense (civil defense) there were special veterinary detachments of the civil defense, ensuring the implementation of the entire complex of anti-epizootic and anti-epidemic measures. At the same time, clear guidance was provided for their vertical activities and scientific support. The newly created ministry, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the receiver of the USSR Civil Defense, unfortunately, does not have such formations in its structure, including veterinary specialists, with the exception of several veterinarians serving the cynological direction. There is a legitimate question. And who will expertly eliminate any epizootic, preventing the possibility of spreading to other regions and states? Only the main sanitary and epidemiological department of the country? So this department is quite satisfied with the problems of using forces and means in the prevention and prevention of banal food and toxic infections among the population. Which literally abound in children's institutions, schools, sanatoriums, transport, at home and even in military schools, which was extremely rarely allowed in the past. (Actually, in world medical practice, and not only, it is customary for everyone to do their own specific business)
The bird flu pandemic has become threatening, and we have an extremely unfavorable forecast in the epidemic, epizootic plan, along with the financial and economic collapse of the entire domestic poultry industry.
Since 2003, only 210 people have died in 12 countries of the world, the last case was on December 31, 2007 in Egypt. In late 2007, an American scientist, professor of biotechnology Ram Sasiseharyan from the University of Massachusetts, established the mechanism of mutation of the H5 N1 avian influenza virus.
And the latest case of bird flu, in western China in Xinjiang, the authorities destroyed more than 30,000 chickens.
Of course, at the level of the layman, the figure of 210 human deaths from "bird disease" is negligible, compared with the annual death of people on the roads and poisoning with alcohol surrogates, which, only in Russia, number tens of thousands of lives. But we must not forget that the property of mutation of any pathogen of an infectious origin, under the influence of unforeseen or unfavorable factors, is an extremely little-studied layer in modern virology and microbiology.
As I remember, 30 years ago, HIV infection in our country was not taken seriously!
Analysts of all stripes do not hide the fact that the problem of avian influenza, strongly heated up by journalists in the media, is one of the methods and means of conducting an information war, and primarily on the economic front, of competing companies and countries that produce and sell poultry meat.

INTRODUCTION OF THE HIGHEST RANK
FOR THE HEAD OF THE VETERINARY BODY
US ARMY APPROVED BY PRESIDENT D. BUSH

President Bush signed the US Department of Defense bill through Congress in November 2002, making provision for the rank of Brigadier General of the Chief of the Veterinary Corps.
The initiative to restore the highest rank in the veterinary corps was first initiated by the current president of the American Veterinary Association, Dr. James E. Nave, a veteran of the veterinary corps, since his leadership of the organization in July 2000. For more than two years, the American Veterinary Association lobbied Congress to introduce the necessary changes, which were subsequently successfully implemented in 2004. (See 1 AUMAD June 2002, p. 1601).

Reference. From the history of the veterinary corps (department) of the USA

The US Army Veterinary Corps was established in 1916. Today, it has approximately 410 veterinarians, 58 warrant officers, and 1,365 enlisted personnel. They provide veterinary services to all departments of the US Department of Defense, including food inspection, biomedical research and development, and are engaged in the prevention of animal diseases in order to protect health and, therefore, maintain the combat effectiveness of personnel.
Current Chief of the U.S. Army Veterinary Corps Dr Jack Fourier holds the rank of brigadier general. The initiative launched by the American Veterinary Association was of great importance for the United States as a world leader in the military field. It should be noted that in the past, during international meetings of military veterinarians, there was some discrepancy due to the fact that the chiefs of veterinary services of all countries had general ranks, while the chief of the US veterinary corps had a lower rank.
Thus, one of the provisions in the bill providing for the assignment of at least the rank of brigadier general to the head of the veterinary corps was fulfilled.
Awareness of the great importance that the US Veterinary Corps has for the health and performance of personnel dictated the need to introduce the position of general, endowed with the same powers and performing the same tasks that are currently facing the head of the Veterinary Corps. Since the Chief of the U.S. Army Veterinary Corps also acts as the coordinator of the activities of all veterinary services within the US Department of Defense and is responsible for the execution of these actions, he (or she) must interact with representatives of the veterinary service of foreign countries and make decisions on issues of international concern. economic and diplomatic importance. The head of the Veterinary Corps of the US Army is obliged to coordinate the actions of representatives of the veterinary services of many countries, to cooperate with veterinary, medical and sanitary institutions Allied countries (NATO members); and many of these institutions are headed by generals, thus the status of a brigadier general puts the Chief of the US Army Veterinary Corps on an equal footing with his foreign counterparts. In connection with the growing importance of research and development in the field of the use of defensive biological weapons, as well as in the field of protection against zoonotic diseases, the need to introduce the rank of general is historically justified and has acquired a targeted direction.
US ARMY VETERINARY CORPS
US President Bush in early 2004 nominated Michael B. Cates to head the US Army Veterinary Corps. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumseld on June 12, 2004 officially announced that Michael B. Case would take the post of brigadier general. In September 2004, the US Senate confirmed his appointment.
And so, at the end of 2004, Dr. Michael B. Cates was appointed head of the US Army Veterinary Corps, and on December 14, 2004 he was sworn in and promoted to Brigadier General. The appointment and swearing-in ceremony took place on 14.12. 2004 at Fort Sam Holston, San Antonio, Texas. The ceremony was opened by Army Surgeon General Keven K. Kelley. Congressional officials and other dignitaries were present, as were all members of the US Army Veterinary Corps, including Colonel Dr. Fourienner, predecessor of Brigadier General Cates, and two previous heads of the Veterinary Department.
The President of the American Veterinary Association, Dr. Maeve, noted at the presentation; "At the international meetings of Military Veterinarians, it was obscene when the foreign veterinary leaders of the veterinary corps were generals, and the head of the US Army corps was of a lower rank." This did not paint the US Army in the eyes of the allies and the international community, at a time when the US Army Veterinary Corps performed and is performing extremely responsible tasks and functions.
In a response speech by Brigadier General Michael B. Cates, it was emphasized: "The US Army Veterinary Corps plays a big role in achieving our ability to be ahead, always and at any time. And everything we do must, ultimately, focus on our primary customers: soldiers, sailors, aviators, marines, along with their families that we serve. While remaining versatile, vigilant and relevant, we must look for opportunities to improve our effectiveness, and effectiveness in what we do."
Brigadier General Dr. Michael B. Cates received his veterinary degree in 1980 from the College of the University of Texas. (Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health) Diploma in American Veterinary Medicine. After graduation, he was appointed commander of the 100th detachment of the medical department of the 30th medical brigade of the 5th US Army Corps in Gelbelberg. (Germany) Awarded with more than 20 medals and distinctions.
The US Army Veterinary Corps makes a significant contribution to national defense through food safety, biomedical research and the implementation of a large-scale veterinary program in the protection of military personnel and the entire military readiness of the US Army.
The U.S. Army Veterinary Corps has 404 veterinarians, 60 senior officers on active duty, who, along with 170 veterinarians, 10 reservists, and officers of the order, perform assigned military readiness tasks. In total, the number of veterinary staff in the Veterinary Corps, with military personnel, is more than 1,700 people.
Historically, Brigadier Generals led the Veterinary Department from 1946 until 1990. The US Air Force had an independent veterinary service, headed by an official with the highest officer rank - brigadier general and above. Military veterinarians, until the mid-80s of the last century, served in more than 60 countries around the world.

Specialists of the Veterinary Corps performed:

1. Veterinary-epidemiological, epizootic reconnaissance and economic and sanitary assessment of the areas of deployment and operations of troops (forces).
2. Carried out veterinary and anti-epizootic measures aimed at protecting military personnel and their families from infectious, parasitic and exotic diseases in the host countries; carried out research and biomedical work in various regions, with an unfavorable epizootic and epidemiological situation, and in particular in the countries of the "third world".
3. Ensured the safety of food purchased in host countries through well-organized work of officials, technicians and other personnel of food inspections.
4. Provided supervision and control over service animals, in particular military dogs, organized medical and preventive work directly in the troops, as well as training centers for specialists (dog handlers).
5. Carried out a special program of veterinary medicine for the study and use of marine service animals in the training centers for reconnaissance and sabotage forces of the Marine Corps;
6. Supervised the ornithological service at the US air bases and carried out medical and preventive work among birds.
In addition to the main tasks of veterinary support, a number of veterinarians were involved to perform specific work on the instructions of special services.
Hundreds of veterinarians work at permanent and temporary air bases around the world. They represent two-thirds of the health officials in the Biomedical Science Corps. They form the basis of medical support, in the work and decision-making of the medical command of the group. These recruited and highly professional cadres are better known by the general name of Health Technicians (Lieutenant Colonel Courtney, Veterinarian).
Provided medical assistance to pets and birds belonging to family members of US military personnel.
Veterinarians perform humanitarian missions, especially in the provision of veterinary care and improvement of animal husbandry in Iraq, Afghanistan and Central Asia. Special veterinary teams (departments) work within the Army Special Forces, which specialize in "unconventional warfare". They work in difficult combat conditions, ensure the military readiness of mine detection dogs. They perform the role of dog handlers in reconnaissance of mines, shelters and other structures, for the presence of explosives and terrorists.
Ensure the security of food supplies and other humanitarian functions, in terms of veterinary medicine, among the civilian population. They, along with the special forces, undergo preliminary professional training in the methods of conducting special operations. Perform coordination activities in non-governmental and private companies, on the organization of veterinary services and the prevention of anthropozoonoses.
The work of veterinarians constitutes the medical and preventive component of public health
Responsibilties in protecting the health of military personnel at Centkom in Tampa. For example, it monitors the vaccination of special forces against anthrax and smallpox. Veterinarians are actively involved in the problems of combating biological terrorism and the use of chemicals. (They carry out a specific indication of biological agents and toxic substances, Russian terminology) The army is the personal representative of the US President abroad or a "pain point" in the consumption of food. It is important for veterinarians to know where food is produced and processed. "We are expanding our ability to search for intentionally contaminated food, and we manage this and reduce the risk of poisoning and sickness to soldiers" (Colonel Van Hook).
Colonel Hook Denis Wang - chief veterinarian of the Air Force - Air Force Operational Support Directorate of the Medical Activities Agency said.
"We're veterinarians in general, the first people in the air force on earth, to take on the task of receiving the main force at an air base. So we're trying to make sure the place is as safe to bring people in."
In Iraq, Veterinarians, as an independent health department, serve military personnel, their families, civilian personnel and the local population of Iraq, at a rate of one specialist per 5,000 people. They conduct preliminary veterinary and epizootic reconnaissance, monitor the spread of infections, and draw up disease vectors before deploying bases and detachments there.
The task of military veterinarians in the CENTCOM theater of operations, and in particular in Iraq.
1.Veterinary service for service dogs.
2. Maintaining the health of the military contingent.
3. Ensuring the food safety of food and alcoholic beverages.
Given the climatic conditions of the Middle East, food security is a very important issue for special forces in the theater of war, and veterinarians are leading the way, said Colonel Cornwell. More than 150 military veterinarians serve in the CENTCOM command, 30 of them directly in the theater of operations, the rest are officers and technicians serving animals and food inspectors.
From 27 to 31 October in Belgium (Brussels) the International Military Veterinary Conference was held. Representatives of the armies of 17 European countries, with the exception of Russia, took part in the work. This project has been sponsored by the American Veterinary Association for 50 years. The conference was attended by all leaders of the Military Veterinary Medicine of the NATO bloc and the countries of Eastern Europe, chaired by the President of the American Veterinary Association and the Association of Colleges of Veterinary Medicine of the USA.
As a result of the work, a joint Communiqué was adopted.
The priorities of military veterinary medicine are:
- Ensuring food safety;
- fight against biological terrorism;
- veterinary service for service dogs and increasing their efficiency in terms of tasks to be solved.
(For example, in the British Army, the entire canine service is organizationally part of veterinary medicine, the cost of one service dog per day is up to 50 pounds sterling).
In the armies of NATO and Coalition countries, Military Veterinary Medicine occupies a worthy place and is a full member of the Army Health Team. All military veterinary medicine and its subdivisions have been refocused on food safety and food hygiene.

In 1994, due to market conditions in the country, there was some re-profiling of the activities of military veterinary medicine to ensure the quality of food and food raw materials supplied to the troops and navy. The military veterinary service is given a new legal status, a departmental veterinary and sanitary service of the Armed Forces, as an integral part of the state veterinary supervision, ensuring the implementation of the normative acts of the law "On Veterinary Medicine" in the power structures of the Russian Federation.
The service received further improvement on August 22, 2004, when, in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation 122-FZ, the veterinary and sanitary service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was included in the system of the state veterinary service. On the basis of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 16, 2004 N 1082, it implements the state policy in the field of veterinary and phytosanitary supervision in the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations and bodies in the manner established by legislative and other regulatory legal acts Russian Federation.
The Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, an integral and integral part of the Logistic Support of the Troops and Fleet Forces, both in peacetime and in wartime.
The role of veterinary specialists in the general scheme of logistical support for troops on the territory of the Russian Federation and beyond is of great importance. They are always in the forward echelon of the rear, in resolving any issues assigned to the rear of the Armed Forces. The main combat mission and professional duty of veterinary specialists of all levels is to provide a set of veterinary-sanitary and anti-epizootic measures for logistic areas or troop deployments. At the same time, to guarantee complete food safety of food products, to exclude toxic infections and diseases of people, thereby maintaining the health (combat capability) of the personnel of the troops.
Based on the foregoing, the Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as an integral and integral part of the Logistics of the Armed Forces, which received the high status of the State executive body in the Armed Forces. The special rear service, which performs one of the specific elements of the country's national security, has a significant legal and social position in the military administration and society.
Given the increased role of military veterinary medicine and the natural need for the upcoming financial and organizational measures under the MUSTO program, in terms of military veterinary medicine, it is necessary:
For the further development of the service, the leaders of military veterinary medicine, at all levels, with all interacting management bodies and interested structures, legally and qualitatively revise the governing documents regulating the activities of the service. To build a completely new organizational and staffing structure of the governing bodies of the service, its organizations, in relation to the dictates of the times. (Work is underway in this direction.)
And, in addition, to restore historical justice - to return the special military rank of officer of the veterinary service and to determine the highest officer position of the head of the State Veterinary and Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Example: Head of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance of the Russian Federation S.A. Dankvert has the status of a general in the army.
January 7, 2008 Moscow

The role of veterinary specialists in the general scheme of logistical support for troops on the territory of the Russian Federation and beyond its borders has, of course, changed over the past two centuries, but has not lost its relevance. They are always in the forward echelon of the rear. The main combat mission and professional duty of veterinary specialists of all levels is to provide a complex of veterinary-sanitary and anti-epizootic measures for areas of logistic support or deployment of troops. They must guarantee complete food safety of food products, exclude toxic infections and diseases of people, thereby preserving the health, and hence the combat effectiveness of the personnel of the troops.

FROM THE DECREE OF PETER I

The beginning of a special veterinary education in the interests of the army was laid by Peter I in the Decree of the Senate of March 31, 1715. It said: “The Great Sovereign indicated ... to find: horse-dressers for sending to the regiments, in the provinces to teach good horse-dressing science, and now to the regiments laid down in the province from each province of blacksmiths and horse-dressers, if there are ready, but if not, although, having hired, send in a short time. It follows from the decree that Peter I considered horse-shoeing knowledge to be a science, and the beginning of veterinary education in Russia was laid when Western Europe about veterinary education and did not think. It is known that the first veterinary school in Europe was opened only in 1762 in France, in the city of Lyon.

Veterinary education was further developed during the period of growth of cavalry in the army, in connection with which measures were taken in the country to develop state horse breeding. In 1732, in the instruction to Major General Volynsky "On bringing horse factories to a better condition and expanding them," it was ordered to establish a Stable Office in Moscow, and § 12 of this instruction says: "Select 50 literate people and send them to school with the purpose of learning special medical and natural sciences, so that they could know in Latin the names of herbs and other medicines suitable for use by horses, and after special training, distribute them for further training directly to the butchers ... ". For preparatory education, it was opened in 1733 in the village of Khoroshevsky near Moscow, a boarding school for 50 people.

At the beginning of the XIX century. a more rational formulation of the matter of preserving and treating the horse composition of the army was already required. There were a lot of horses in the troops, which were a valuable asset of the state: in 1803 - 66,000, in 1808 - 269,252, in 1813 - 349,879. veterinary education, which arose at the beginning of the 19th century. Thus, the formation of horsemen in the troops was organizationally formalized.

In 1808, veterinary departments were opened in St. Petersburg and Moscow at the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy. Its charter noted that the purpose of the latter was to educate young people in all parts of the medical sciences, while three parts of teaching were established: medical, veterinary and pharmaceutical. Training at the veterinary department was conducted for 4 years.

However, in 1879, in connection with the transformation of the Medico-Surgical Academy into the Military Medical Academy, unexpected complications arose for the veterinary department. The Chief Military Medical Inspector stated that in view of the army's small need for veterinarians - an average of 10 per year - there is no need for a special veterinary educational institution. And in 1880, the admission of students to the veterinary department of the academy was stopped. In total, over the 75-year period of its existence, the veterinary department has graduated more than 1000 veterinary specialists.

However, the lack of such specialists in the army soon made itself felt. And in 1919, courses for the training of laboratory workers were organized at the Central Military Veterinary Bacteriological Laboratory, which were transformed in 1923 into epizootological courses for advanced training of veterinarians. After the Civil War, the program and course capacity expanded even more. But this measure did not solve the problem. Therefore, in 1925, at the Military Veterinary Bacteriological Institute, to improve the qualifications of veterinarians, full-time advanced training courses for higher and senior veterinary personnel (KUVET) were created, for which an additional training department was included in the institute.

And a little earlier, in December 1922, in Moscow, on Tsvetnoy Boulevard, 25, the training of veterinarians began. The first head of the school was M. Gannushkin, former head of the veterinary department of the 5th Army, later Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Epizootology of the Military Veterinary Academy of the Red Army. In 1937, the school, which was then in Leningrad, was renamed the Leningrad Military Veterinary School.

In 1925, for the training of junior veterinary assistants (at one time they were called veterinary instructors), military schools for junior veterinarians were also opened in cavalry and artillery units, and later at garrison veterinarians. Training in schools lasted 22 months, of which 10 months - in the first year of service and 12 months - in the second. The significance of these schools was not only in the fact that they trained junior veterinary assistants for the army, but also in the fact that after demobilization these paramedics replenished the cadres of veterinary specialists in agriculture.

In accordance with the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR dated September 12, 1925, No. 918, in 1925 a military department was opened at the Kazan Veterinary Institute, designed to train 30 students. Great merit in the creation of this department belonged to the head of the Military Veterinary Directorate of the Red Army N. Nikolsky, who did a lot for the formation and development of military veterinary medicine in the Soviet period. The training program included theoretical courses in military disciplines, military administration, military topography, training in military chemical and shooting, the theory of riding and dressage of a drill horse, military zoohygiene:

The first release of military veterinarians - 28 people - took place on October 8, 1929 and laid the foundation for a systematic system of recruiting veterinary and medical staff for the Red Army. In total, during the existence of the military department of the Kazan Veterinary Institute (1925-1932), 128 military veterinarians were trained.

Since 1929, the military department was gradually transferred from Kazan to Moscow, where the training of military veterinarians was organized at the Moscow Veterinary Institute. In 1930, the military department of the Moscow Veterinary Institute expanded into the Military Veterinary Faculty, which in 1935 was reorganized into the Military Veterinary Institute of the Red Army and, finally, in 1938, into the Military Veterinary Academy of the Red Army. Thus, within a short time, higher military veterinary education stood on a solid foundation.

PRICE OF COMBAT EXPERIENCE

In October 1941, the Military Veterinary Academy was evacuated from Moscow to the city of Aralsk, and in 1942 - to the city of Samarkand. Due to the great need for veterinarians for the troops, the number of students at the academy was increased from 700 to 1400. However, this did not last long due to the fact that with a shortened 3-year training period, the quality of training decreased. In 1943, the academy switched to a 4-year term of study. During the war years, the academy produced 8 graduates, giving the army 1178 veterinarians.

In addition, the academy did a lot of work on the training and improvement of veterinary specialists: surgeons, therapists, epizootologists for the veterinary departments of the fronts and armies, as well as front-line and army veterinary infirmaries and laboratories. The teaching staff constantly traveled to the active army, where they trained specialists in field veterinary institutions.

Research work was also restructured and aimed at meeting the needs of the veterinary service of the troops. In the first months of the war, 80 employees of the academy voluntarily went to the front. The regiment, formed from its listeners and permanent staff, in 1941 worked on defensive structures near Moscow and occupied combat positions there.

Examples of patriotism and military prowess were also shown by the command staff and cadets of the Leningrad Military Veterinary School in the besieged city. Their battalion of teachers and cadets, and this is more than 1200 people, under the command of the head of the school, Major General of the Veterinary Service L. Baitin, defended one of the sections on the outskirts of Leningrad. But he especially distinguished himself in the battles near Nevskaya Budrovka. For courage and courage, many employees and cadets of the school received high government awards.

Only from the reserve during the war, 6,507 veterinarians and 10,290 veterinarians were drafted into the army. But after its completion, in connection with the reduction in the number of the Armed Forces, a decision was made to reorganize, and subsequently close military veterinary educational institutions. The Military Veterinary Academy in 1948 was transformed into the Military Veterinary Faculty at the Moscow Veterinary Academy, which existed until 1956. From 1956 to 1978, the training and retraining of officers of the veterinary service was carried out at specialized officer courses.

A few more years will pass and again, as has happened more than once, the problem of the shortage of veterinary personnel in the army and reserve veterinary service officers will reappear. By the decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1966, a veterinary cycle was organized at the combined arms department at the Alma-Ata Veterinary Institute. The preparation of students there began with the 3rd year of the veterinary faculty. The training program included military and military-special disciplines, designed for 3 years of study and a monthly camp fee. And upon graduation, students received the primary officer military rank of lieutenant of the reserve veterinary service, specializing in veterinary radiology and toxicology.

For 16 years, the military department has graduated about three thousand reserve officers, of which more than 100 graduates were voluntarily called up to the cadres of the Armed Forces, Border and Internal Troops. The graduates of the military department of the Alma-Ata Veterinary Institute replaced the entire personnel vacuum of the veterinary staff that had formed in the Soviet Army in the period from 1960 to 1970. The vacancies of veterinarians of motorized rifle and tank formations were then filled by 80 percent by graduate officers of the institute. But in 1982, the veterinary cycle of the military department was also disbanded.

On July 1, 1978, in accordance with the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of August 19, 1977, on the basis of 43 officer courses of the veterinary service, the Military Veterinary Faculty was formed at the Moscow Veterinary Academy. K.I. Scriabin.

The reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation at the end of the 20th century also affected military veterinary education. In 1994, the Military Veterinary Service was given a completely new legal status of the departmental Veterinary Sanitary Service of the Armed Forces as an integral part of the state veterinary supervision, which ensures the implementation of the normative acts of the law "On Veterinary Medicine" in law enforcement agencies. A new concept of an integral and integral part of logistics support is being introduced - "Veterinary and sanitary support", aimed at ensuring food safety of food products and food raw materials supplied to the troops and fleet forces. In the general construction of the rear, the veterinary and sanitary service occupies a strong position as a "service serving fighting"In this regard, the tasks of training military personnel are becoming more complicated, and the educational process is being improved.

A lot of work is being done in the research laboratory - the oldest and only scientific unit in the system of the veterinary and sanitary service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. One of the main directions of scientific research, corresponding to the urgent needs of the veterinary and sanitary service, was the development of means and methods for detecting radioactive, poisonous, toxic and highly toxic substances in food products, food raw materials and fodder, as well as methods for their neutralization, protection of military and food animals from WMD. Appropriate guidelines have been developed guidelines, instructions, a number of methods for the use of antidote agents are proposed. Several antidote formulations have been developed and put into practice, which have a highly effective therapeutic and preventive effect, as well as methods for determining physiologically active substances in the meat of food animals that are part of antidote formulations. Eight author's certificates have been received, two doctoral and nine candidate's dissertations have been defended.

AT THE TURN OF THE XX-XXI CENTURIES

The fundamental changes in all aspects of life taking place in our country at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries necessitated the improvement of the military education system in Russia, which has 200 years of experience in training military specialists. This process also affected the Military Veterinary Faculty at the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Scriabin. On its basis, in accordance with a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Military Veterinary Institute was established in 2002 to recruit units, units and organizations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with military veterinarians of the highest qualification.

Today, the institute is staffed with students at the expense of students who have completed four courses of veterinary academies, agricultural universities and institutes with veterinary faculties. The term of study is two years. Persons who have graduated from the institute are awarded the qualification of "veterinary doctor", the military rank of "lieutenant of the medical service" and a state diploma.

The Institute carries out stage-by-stage training of veterinary specialists under the programs of higher and postgraduate (adjuncture) education. In addition, advanced training courses are provided for officers of the veterinary and sanitary service in a number of specialties. In this unified training system, veterinary specialists are formed who are capable of providing veterinary and sanitary support to the troops at a level that meets the requirements of the present moment.

Training of students in military special disciplines is carried out at the departments of the Institute and the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Scriabin. The high scientific and pedagogical qualifications of teachers make it possible to ensure the quality of educational and military-scientific work. More than half of the teachers have a degree. Suffice it to say that at present, within the walls of the institute, work is underway on the preparation of four doctoral and seven master's theses by the method of solicitation and postgraduate studies. In total, nine doctors of science, eleven professors, twenty-two candidates of science and associate professors participate in the training of military veterinarians.

Only in the last ten years from the walls of the Military Veterinary educational institution more than 330 officers of the veterinary and sanitary service have been graduated and are adequately fulfilling their military and patriotic duty in the ranks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. And in total for the period from 1978 to 2007, the Military Veterinary Faculty at the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Scriabin and the Military Veterinary Institute graduated 837 specialists. Among them are those who adequately performed their military duty in Cuba, Libya, Syria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Kosovo.

Now only the Military Veterinary Institute has remained the successor of the once rich system of military veterinary education and military veterinary science in the post-Soviet space. The Joint Military Department of the Kazakh National Agrarian University operates in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Powerful intellectual forces of the veterinary and sanitary service are concentrated today in these educational institutions, considerable scientific and practical experience has been accumulated.

In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that the glorious past and present of a higher military educational institution, which is the Military Veterinary Institute, its traditions, constantly improving material, technical and scientific and information base, methodological skills and professionalism of the teaching and command staff - all this is the key to a successful solving the problems that today face the military veterinary education of the country as a whole. And these tasks, as the entire course of our history testifies, are not getting smaller. They just become more specific. This is confirmed by the recent creation of two mountain brigades in the North Caucasus, whose service and combat work is hard to imagine without the use of pack animals. This means that our veterinarians will still have enough work for a long time.

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