The forest is our wealth!
Let's save it for posterity!
The forest is the lungs of the planet
Deforestation is an environmental problem. Scientists have long been talking about the harmful effects of technological progress on nature. Climate change, ice melt, declining quality drinking water very negative impact on people's lives.
Ecologists around the world have long sounded the alarm about pollution and the destruction of nature. One of the most important environmental problems is deforestation. Forest problems are visible especially in civilized states. Environmentalists believe that deforestation leads to many negative consequences for the Earth and humans.
Without forests, there will be no life on Earth, this must be understood by those on whom their preservation depends. However, wood has long been a commodity that is expensive. And that is why the problem of deforestation is solved with such difficulty.
Perhaps people just do not think that their whole life depends on this ecosystem. Although since ancient times everyone has revered the forest, giving it often magical functions. He was the breadwinner and personified the life-giving force of nature. He was loved, the trees were treated with care, and they responded to our ancestors in the same way.
Forests of the planet
In all countries, in every corner of the world, massive deforestation is taking place. The problems of the forest are that with the destruction of trees, many more species of plants and animals die. The ecological balance in nature is disturbed.
After all, the forest is not only trees. This is a well-coordinated ecosystem based on the interaction of many representatives of flora and fauna. In addition to trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, lichens, insects, animals and even microorganisms are of great importance in its existence.
- Despite massive deforestation, forests still occupy about 30% of the land area. This is more than 4 billion hectares of land. More than half of them are tropical forests.
- However, the northern ones, especially coniferous massifs, also play a great role in the ecology of the planet. The greenest countries in the world are Finland and Canada.
- In Russia, there are about 25% of the world's forest reserves. The least number of trees left in Europe. Now forests occupy only a third of its territory, although in ancient times it was completely covered with trees. And, for example, in England there are almost none left, only 6% of the land is given over to parks and forest plantations.
The meaning of the forest
- It provides humanity with oxygen. It is no coincidence that they say that the forest is the lungs of the planet. And it not only produces oxygen, but also partially absorbs chemical pollution, purifying the air. A wisely organized ecosystem accumulates carbon, which is important for the existence of life on Earth. It also helps prevent the greenhouse effect, which is increasingly threatening nature.
- The forest protects the surrounding area from strong temperature fluctuations, night frosts, which favorably affects the state of farmland. Scientists have found that the climate is milder where most of the territory is overgrown with trees.
The benefit of the forest for crops also lies in the fact that it protects the soil from leaching, wind drift, landslides and mudflows. Areas overgrown with trees prevent the onset of sands.
The forest also plays an important role in the water cycle. It not only filters it and stores it in the soil, but also helps to fill streams and rivers with water in the spring during floods, preventing waterlogging of the area.
The forest helps to maintain the level ground water and prevent floods. Absorption of moisture from the soil by the roots and intense evaporation by its leaves helps to avoid drought.
What damage does deforestation?
- The ecological problem of the disappearance of the so-called "lungs" of the planet is already worrying many. Most people believe that this threatens to reduce oxygen stores. This is true, but this is not the main problem.
- The extent to which deforestation has now taken on is striking. A satellite photo of the former woodland helps to visualize the situation.
What can this lead to: the forest ecosystem is being destroyed, many representatives of flora and fauna are disappearing;
the decrease in the amount of wood and the diversity of plants leads to a deterioration in the quality of life of most people;
the amount of carbon dioxide increases, which leads to the formation of the greenhouse effect;
trees cease to protect the soil (washing out of the upper layer leads to the formation of ravines, and lowering the groundwater level causes deserts);
soil moisture increases, due to which swamps are formed; scientists believe that the disappearance of trees on the slopes of the mountains leads to the rapid melting of glaciers.
According to researchers, deforestation causes damage to the world economy in the amount of up to 5 trillion dollars a year.
What happens after cutting?
- On the open space absolutely different conditions are created. Therefore, a new forest grows only where the cutting area is not very large.
- What prevents young plants from getting stronger: The level of illumination changes. Those undergrowth plants that are accustomed to living in the shade die.
- Other temperature regime. Without tree protection, there is a sharper temperature fluctuation, frequent night frosts. This also leads to the death of many plants.
- An increase in soil moisture can lead to waterlogging. And the wind blowing moisture from the leaves of young shoots does not allow them to develop normally. The death of the roots and the decomposition of the forest floor release many nitrogenous compounds that enrich the soil.
- However, those plants that need just such minerals feel better on it. Raspberries or Ivan-tea grow most quickly in clearings, birch or willow shoots develop well.
- Therefore, recovery deciduous forests goes fast if a person is not
- interferes with this process. And here coniferous trees grow after cutting
- very bad, since they reproduce by seeds, for which
- there are no normal conditions for development. Such negative consequences
- deforestation. Problem solving - what is it?
Solving the problem of deforestation.
- Ecologists offer many ways to save forests. Here are just a few of them:
- transition from paper to electronic media,
- waste paper collection and separate waste collection will reduce the use of wood for paper production;
- creation of forest farms where trees of valuable species with the shortest maturation periods will be grown;
- a ban on felling in nature protection zones and tougher penalties for this;
- raising the state duty on the export of timber abroad to make it unprofitable.
The disappearance of forests does not yet excite the average person. However, many problems are associated with this. When all people understand that it is forests that provide them with a normal existence, maybe they will treat trees more carefully.
Each person can contribute to the revival of the planet's forests by planting at least one tree.
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The presentation on the topic "Deforestation" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: The world. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 7 slide(s).
Presentation slides
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Deforestation. Loss of biodiversity
Fulfilled
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Deforestation. Forests play an important role in the conservation of soil and water, maintaining flora and fauna. In addition, forests are a source of industrial timber, fuel and other products. Today, forests around the world are under threat of degradation and destruction as a result of increasing human pressures. At the expense of forests, agricultural fields and pastures are expanding, predatory felling continues, forests suffer from fires and atmospheric pollution. Of particular concern is the destruction rainforest, the average annual percentage of death of which reaches 1% of their area. Estimates by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) of 62 countries representing 78% of the world's tropical forest area) show that forests were deforested at a rate of 16.8 million ha/year during the period 1980-1990.
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The remaining 800 million hectares of tropical forests are being cut down and destroyed at such a rate that by 2030, according to various estimates, only 200 to 370 million hectares will become shallow. The consequences of deforestation are the extinction of species, soil degradation, a decrease in runoff on watersheds and an increase in the accumulation of precipitation in water bodies, a decrease in the buffer role of forest swamps, a decrease in carbon stocks in terrestrial biomass, an increase in CO2 content in the atmosphere, and a decrease in precipitation. Forests are dying not only in the tropics. A massive disease and death of the forests of Europe began and North America due to air, water and soil pollution. As a result of intensive felling, coniferous forests are almost destroyed Central Russia, the most valuable and accessible for technology forests in Siberia are steadily reduced to Far East. Destruction northern forests, as well as tropical ones, cause changes in climatic conditions, water regime, and soil conditions.
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Loss of biodiversity. Tropical forest destruction
Loss of biodiversity. Scientists believe that from 5 to 30 million species live on Earth, although about 1.7 million have been described. The totality of all species makes up the biodiversity of the Earth. From half to 80% (according to various estimates) of the planet's species live in tropical forests, although the latter occupy only 7% of the Earth's territory. So, in the rainforest of Panama on an area of 50 hectares, scientists found about 300 species of trees and shrubs, in Malaysia on the same area - 835 species of trees. Biodiversity decreases towards the North Pole. For example, in the state of Washington, about 40 species of trees grow on 50 hectares, and in Western Siberia - 5-6. The destruction of tropical forests has already led to the death of about 6,000 species. Tropical forests are mostly owned by poor state kingdoms with rapid growth population. These countries are forced to export timber, burn forests to build roads and cities, and grow crops. Unfortunately, the soils of tropical owls are very poor, they are depleted in 2-3 years and deforestation is required again.
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Biotechnology
Species are dying not only in the tropics. Wherever ecosystems are destroyed or their area is greatly reduced, species disappear. And this is an irreparable loss for the biosphere and humanity. Humans have learned to use only 0.1% of the species. We eat only about 50 species of plants, while 75,000 plants have edible parts and are much richer in nutrients than the plant foods currently consumed. Plants are only food, but also a building material, a source of energy, the main part of medicines. Biotechnology also depends on biodiversity: breeding - from the genes of wild plants, the production of antibiotics - from microscopic fungi, the production of enzymes - from yeast and bacteria. Biotechnologists hope to create natural fertilizers and pesticides that can be cultivated plants that are resistant to drought, frost and various diseases.
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Examples of socio-environmental benefits of biological diversity
Here are some examples of the social and environmental benefits of biodiversity: The value of medicines produced globally from wild plants and natural products is about US$40 billion per year. In 1960, only one child in five with leukemia had a chance of surviving. Now four out of five have that chance. This was made possible by the treatment drug containing active substances found in the tropical forest plant Catharantus, whose birthplace is Madagascar. In Asia, by the mid-1970s, genetic improvements had increased wheat production by $2 billion and rice by $1.5 billion a year. These results were achieved through the development and use of low-growing varieties of grain crops. A single gene in Ethiopian barley now protects against the yellow dwarf virus in the entire crop of Californian barley worth $160 million a year. By losing the biodiversity of the Earth, humanity is losing its future!!!
Fair to forest? Is it his fault that environmental problems arise? forests? Problems forests felling forests. Illegal hunting in... - mandarin duck eagle owl Amur tiger ginseng bison Problems forests Landfills in forest Forest fire 72% of forest fires are caused by...
The role of man in changing biogeocenosis ...
in biogeocenoses. The role of the person. Fires. Hunting and poaching. felling forests. The positive role of man in change Conclusion: The value of biogeocenosis ... for example, beavers, ungulates, waterfowl, etc. felling forests Destruction process forests is a pressing problem in many parts of the world, ...
Very often turns into a tragedy for forests. Attention! Forest Harm: Pollution forests waste from people food products felling forests Illegal hunting Fires Conclusions: ... 1. 2. Forests in Russia grow in favorable conditions for...
Atmospheric pollution from production waste Water pollution from a tanker accident felling forests leads to soil erosion Pollution of everything with household waste...causes of acid rain and the greenhouse effect. Let's save forests! Leaving forest Don't forget to take all your rubbish with you! ...
Chimpanzees, okapis, hippos, tsetse flies, leopards, reptiles,. felling forests, the disappearance of valuable tree species and rare animal species. Vegetable world... forms fruits and then dies off completely. Animal world equatorial forests. Common hippopotamus and pygmy hippopotamus. Dwarf ...
Which emit tree leaves into the air. / PROBLEMS FORESTS FELLING ILLEGAL HUNTING FIRE POLLUTION RED BOOK DO NOT TEAR RARE ... joy to people! We will be friends with you. Kind forest, mighty forest Full of fairy tales and wonders! Homework: Textbook: p...
IVAN IVANOVICH SHISHKIN SHIP FOREST OAK GROVE. SOURCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS SOURCE OF WOOD House for animals... mushrooms, nuts. Source of medicinal plants. Source of wood. ON THE FELLING FORESTS FOREST FIRE FOREST RED BOOK stag beetle Amur tiger eagle owl duck...
Does the example illustrate the impact of natural factors on society? felling forests for the construction of houses Pollution of the river with industrial waste Study ... an example illustrates the influence of natural factors on society? felling forests for the construction of houses Pollution of the river with industrial waste Study ...
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
Ecological problems. Deforestation Completed by: Zhdankin Dmitry 11th grade student MBOU Shpikulovskaya secondary school Tambov region
2 slide
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Mankind faces many environmental problems today. They are partly related to human life. The biggest problem is deforestation. H
3 slide
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The forest, as you know, gives us pure oxygen, wood, berries and mushrooms. But now quite often there is deforestation in Russia, Africa and Latin America.
4 slide
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These forests are distinguished by the high quality of the wood growing there. Deforestation is proceeding at a faster pace than their planting. Today, there are quite a lot of poachers hunting for valuable tree species.
5 slide
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Consequences of deforestation Massive deforestation entails catastrophic consequences. The lack of vegetation leads to rapid erosion, which causes devastating floods and mudflows. On the Yangtze River, for example, flooding intensified significantly after the deforestation of coastal slopes that held the water of the monsoon rains. A yellowish dust cloud now hangs over Beijing in spring and summer - this seasonal phenomenon is also provoked by too intensive logging in the country. Clouds of dust pollute estuaries and cause severe damage to coral reefs. In addition, deforestation can accelerate the process of global warming, especially if it is accompanied by fires and burning, which farmers often resort to clearing space for crops.
6 slide
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Consequences of deforestation Deterioration of ecology in the area of deforestation Soil corrosion Animals and birds have nowhere to live and breed Desertification
7 slide
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Protective Measures To counter forest destruction, the Forest Stewardship Council was established in 1993. This public organization includes 1400 woodworking enterprises, as well as associations for the protection environment and representatives of indigenous peoples living in the forest belt. The council issues certificates that guarantee that the wood put up for sale comes from a forest where the felling rate is not exceeded. However, the defenders of forests place their main hopes not on administrative measures, but on the fact that over time a “formula” of interaction between man and forest will be developed. The first steps in this direction are the creation of natural areas where people can live by building houses, hunting, and preparing firewood. Oddly enough, a forest can be safe only when it becomes inhabited.
8 slide
Description of the slide:
Possible measures to combat deforestation Establish a procedure for the ownership, use and withdrawal of forests; management of the unified state forest fund; establishment of the procedure for assigning forests to groups and categories of protection; establishment of the procedure for the use, reproduction, conservation and protection of forests; establishment of uniform for the country systems of forest management, forest inventory, procedures for maintaining the state forest cadastre and forest monitoring;
9 slide
Description of the slide:
Rational use of forest resources involves the integrated processing of wood with the full use of waste Reducing the volume of deforestation in accordance with their growth Intensifying reforestation work Partial replacement of wood with new construction materials
