The Russian Military Historical Society continues the cycle of stories about events, the centenary of the beginning of which is celebrated this year.

Start life path and revolutionary activity

The life path of Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze began in the city of Bishkek, Semirechensk region. Here, in the family of the paramedic Vasily Frunze, on January 21 (February 2), 1885, the future commander was born. In the city of Verny (now Alma-Ata), he was educated at a local gymnasium. In 1904 he entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, but, as befits a professional revolutionary, he failed to graduate from the university. The arrest and subsequent expulsion completed his education in the capital. All further revolutionary activities of Mikhail Frunze are filled with events that could become the plot for an exciting adventure novel.

On January 9, 1905, on a day that went down in history as, he was among the participants in the procession to the Winter Palace. Much later, Mikhail Vasilyevich said that this event made him a "general of the revolution." During the December uprising in Moscow, a detachment of weavers under the leadership of "Comrade Arseny" successfully operated on the barricades of Krasnaya Presnya. That was the party pseudonym Frunze. At the IV Congress of the RSDLP, he met with.

In 1907, Frunze was elected a delegate to the Fifth Congress of the RSDLP, but his arrest and subsequent sentence to four years in hard labor did not allow him to take part in the work of the congress. Already under arrest, he, along with a friend, tried to kill a policeman. For attempted murder, Frunze was sentenced to death, which was avoided only thanks to the intervention of the public, but another six years of hard labor were added to the main term.

I.I. Brodsky. Portrait of M.V. Frunze

Conclusions began in various hard labor prisons, and in March 1914 he was sent to an eternal settlement in the village of Manzurka, Irkutsk Region, from where he escaped in 1915. The party sent Frunze to work in Belarus, where on March 4, 1917, the birthday of the Belarusian police, he was appointed temporary head of the Minsk police. In Minsk, Mikhail Vasilievich worked until September 1917, then, on behalf of the party, he arrived at the service in the city of Shuya. Here his authority was very high, he occupied only key administrative posts. In October 1917, Frunze was in the forefront of the insurgent Moscow proletariat. In 1918 he returned to the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province.

"General of the Revolution"

In August 1918, Frunze transferred to the post of military commissar of the Yaroslavl military district. At this time, the Civil War was gaining momentum in the country, and Mikhail Vasilyevich proved himself to be a talented commander of the new people's army.

M.V. Frunze in 1919

Frunze led the 4th Army of the Red Army, later the Southern Group of the Eastern Front. It was his troops that defeated the white troops during Kolchak's spring offensive of 1919. The leadership talents of Mikhail Vasilyevich were duly appreciated by the leadership of the Soviet republic, and he became the commander of the Turkestan army, and later of the entire Eastern Front. The Red Army confidently advanced to the East, towards the Urals, and victoriously fought against the Kolchakites. In 1920, Mikhail Frunze fought with the troops of the Emir of Bukhara and.

When the Red Army entered the Crimea, Frunze ordered that the White Guards who had surrendered be spared. The leadership in Moscow did not like this very much, and he was even reprimanded personally by V. I. Lenin. Frunze did not participate in the repressions of the prisoners, he was urgently transferred to Ukraine, where he was to fight the detachments of Nestor Makhno. He also successfully completed this task. For his successes during the Civil War, Mikhail Frunze was twice awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

peaceful days

In early 1925, Frunze served as chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and was appointed People's Commissar for Naval Affairs. Soviet Union. Mikhail Vasilyevich believed that in military affairs, not only the firm discipline and training of the army, but also its technical equipment should be at the forefront.

In an article published in the Pravda newspaper, he proclaimed the slogan "Give us equipment!". Frunze said that future military clashes would depend more on men of science than on command. It was under him that the development of aviation began, navy and tank troops.

Mikhail Frunze and Klim Voroshilov take over the parade on Red Square

Mikhail Frunze also showed himself as a military theoretician. They prepared a series scientific works, among which are such as "Reorganization of the Red Army" (1921) and "Front and rear in the war of the future" (1924). Subsequently, these and other works of his influenced the formation of a unified Soviet military doctrine.

Unfortunately, the life of Mikhail Vasilyevich was interrupted very early. After going through the hard times of the Civil War, he died on the operating table on October 31, 1925.

The memory of the people's commander was immortalized in the names of geographical objects, the names of numerous settlements, districts, streets, squares. The hometown of M. Frunze - Bishkek - from 1926 to 1991 bore the name of the legendary commander. Until 1998, the Higher Military Academy was also named after him.

Monument to M.V. Frunze in Ivanovo

We add that with biographies of famous military figures Patriotic history You can find it on the website created by the Russian Military Historical Society.

Frunze Mikhail Vasilievich short biography party statesman and military leader, military theorist is described in this article.

Frunze Mikhail Vasilievich short biography

Frunze Mikhail Vasilyevich was born on January 21, 1885 in the city of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. At the age of 12, the boy lost his father. His mother, left with 5 children, put all her strength into their education. Mikhail graduated from high school with a gold medal. He dreamed of becoming an economist and even entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. In the years of study he is fond of revolutionary ideas.

In 1904 he became a member of the RSDLP party. He was expelled from the educational institution. When demonstrations began in St. Petersburg on Palace Square, Frunze was in the forefront. In party circles, he received the nickname "Comrade Arseniy." For his activities, he was twice sentenced to death, which was replaced by 10 years of hard labor in Alexander, Vladimir and Nikolaev prisons. After serving 7 years in prison, Mikhail Vasilyevich was sent to a settlement in the region of the Irkutsk province. Having created an underground organization here, he runs away to Chita, where he lives with a fake passport. Returns to Moscow in 1916.

After the end of the February Revolution, he was appointed to the post of chief of the Minsk police. Later he was elected to the post of Chairman of the Council of Deputies.

In 1918, Mikhail Frunze became a military commissar in the Yaroslavl military district. When the civil war began, he led the Turkestan army. Then he was transferred to Turkmenistan on the Eastern Front.

Mikhail Frunze is a famous party leader and military leader of the Red Army during the Civil War. During the revolutions and the war he was known under the pseudonym Arseniy. Frunze is known as a military theoretician.

Mikhail Vasilyevich was born in the family of a military paramedic. The place of birth was the Kirghiz SSR. Father - Vasily Mikhailovich - served in Pishpek, where his son, the future "red" military leader, was born. Mother was the daughter of a Narodnaya Volya.

He was educated in the city of Verny (modern Alma-Ata) - the gymnasium gave the future revolutionary not only good knowledge, but also for the first time showed the breadth of revolutionary ideas. Frunze was engaged in a circle of self-education. After high school he studied at the University in St. Petersburg. During the years of study in higher educational institution became a true revolutionary by joining the Bolshevik Party.

Beginning of party work

Having joined the Social Democratic Party, Frunze began to actively participate in the political and public life of the country. He was arrested for the first time, and during the revolutionary events of Bloody Sunday he was wounded.

After Bloody Sunday, the revolutionary said that it was this event that became decisive in his future activities. The revolution of 1905-1907 developed in him an active personality, a revolutionary with an excellent talent as an organizer. Conducted party activities during the entire revolution in Moscow. He became a member of the committee of the RSDLP.

In May-July 1905, a strike of textile workers from Ivanovo-Voznesensk was organized. Frunze acted not only as an active participant, but as one of the organizers of the events. In addition, he became one of the participants in the uprising in Moscow in December 1905.

The development of Frunze's personality was influenced by his acquaintance with V. Lenin. This event took place during the congress of the RSDLP, which was held in Stockholm in 1906.

After being elected as a delegate to the Fifth Congress, he was arrested and convicted for party activities. Frunze was sentenced to several years in hard labor. When Mikhail Vasilyevich was serving his sentence, he participated in several acts of armed resistance to the police. For attempting physical violence against a guard, he was sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted and replaced by tougher conditions and 6 years of hard labor.

At the time when the First World War began in Europe, Frunze was in places of exile and several hard labor prisons. In 1915, he managed to escape - he lived under an assumed name and worked as an extra. Frunze's goal was to return to Moscow - for this he had to change his name again (he was known under the surname Mikhailov).

The Zemsky Union sent Frunze-Mikhailov to Belarus, where he dealt with supply issues Western front. Frunze's competence extended to providing the rear. At the time when the revolution of 1917 began in Russia, Frunze was appointed as a guard of order in Minsk. During the war, Mikhailov-Frunze continued to engage in party revolutionary work.

The October Revolution and the Civil War: the activities of Mikhail Frunze

After the Kornilov uprising, Frunze was one of the fighters against this anti-revolutionary movement. He showed himself most actively and fully during October revolution. He arrived to fight against anti-revolutionary elements with an armed detachment from the city of Shuya, where he was engaged in party work.

During the revolution, Frunze was a military commissar, and at the end of 1918 he was appointed commander of the Reds on the Eastern Front. He actively fought against the "white" troops. The most successful were the operations carried out by the "Reds" against the troops of Alexander Kolchak.

Under the command of Frunze, the Red Army successfully advanced to the East - towards the Urals. At the second stage of the war, this region was under the control of the "whites" for some time. Frunze managed to drive out the "whites" and seize the territories of the Middle and Northern Urals.

At the third stage of the fighting of the Civil War, Frunze was sent to Central Asia. On the Turkestan front, he successfully carried out an operation during which the "whites" were defeated, and Bolshevik Russia restored contact with Turkestan. AT Central Asia Frunze's activities did not end with operations in Turkestan - he continued the fight against the anti-Bolshevik regimes in Bukhara and Khiva. On the territory of Central Asia, the Bolshevik regime was established largely thanks to Mikhail Frunze.

After the events in Central Asia, Frunze's troops were sent to the Crimea. There he fought against the "white" troops of Wrangel. Frunze successfully conducted operations in Tavria and the Crimea and was appointed commander of the Ukrainian troops.

As a commander, he showed himself as a decisive leader, accurately calculating each blow, an excellent tactician and strategist, he always accurately singled out the main points of impact in order to weaken the enemy as much as possible.

In 1921-22, when an important peace treaty was signed between the Ukrainian SSR and Turkey, Frunze was the head of a diplomatic mission.

After the end of the Civil War

When fighting ended, Frunze became Deputy People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs. In addition, he served as head of the military academy. In the mid-20s, when the military reform was carried out, he was one of the leaders and ideological inspirers of this event. He occupied a significant place in the Central Committee of the RCP (b).

After the war, Frunze published his works based on military experience. Frunze's writings were aimed at strengthening the military power of the USSR.

Frunze's death is one of the mysteries of history. The main version is that the cause of death was blood poisoning after a stomach operation. Unofficial sources said that Frunze's death was a consequence of his political influence - he was killed by opponents.

The military leader died in 1925.

Mikhail Vasilievich

Battles and victories

Soviet military-political figure, one of the leading workers of the Red Army during the Civil War and the first half of the 1920s. Frunze acquired the status of the winner of Kolchak, the Ural Cossacks and Wrangel, the conqueror of Turkestan, the liquidator of the Petliurists and the Makhnovists.

Having replaced Trotsky in the military leadership, he was not a member of the Stalinist group, remaining a mysterious and unusual figure at the top of the party.

Mikhail Frunze was born in the city of Pishpek (Bishkek), Semirechensk region, in the family of a Moldavian paramedic who served in Turkestan, and a Voronezh peasant woman. Apparently, he was the bearer of a certain Turkestan worldview, imperial consciousness. Mikhail graduated from the gymnasium in Verny with a gold medal, studied at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, where he studied economics. The student environment of the capital influenced the formation political views Michael. Frunze was a romantic and an idealist. Populist views played a significant role in his convictions, only he saw his going to the people not in moving to the countryside and working there, but in working with the proletariat in the factories.

From a letter to his brother, 1904:

To deeply understand the laws that govern the course of history, to plunge headlong into reality ... to radically change everything - this is the goal of my life.

From a letter to my brother:

To change my whole life so that there is no poverty and deprivation for anyone, never ... I am not looking for an easy life in life.

Frunze's views changed over time. The pre-revolutionary period of Frunze's activity can be called anti-state and anti-social (it is interesting that he combined this with patriotic views, for example, during Russo-Japanese War). He never graduated from the institute, being carried away by the revolutionary struggle. In 1904, at the age of 19, Frunze joined the RSDLP. He took part in the demonstration on January 9, 1905 (“Bloody Sunday”), and was wounded in the arm. Under the pseudonym "Comrade Arseniy" (there were other underground nicknames - Trifonych, Mikhailov, Vasilenko), Frunze became involved in active anti-government activities. Already in 1905, he worked in Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Shuya, which were the centers of the country's textile industry (the third largest industrial region of the Russian Empire after St. Petersburg and Moscow), led the general strike of textile workers and created a combat squad. In Ivanovo-Voznesensk, the first Soviet of Workers' Deputies in Russia arose. Under the leadership of Frunze, strikes, rallies, seizures of weapons are carried out, leaflets are compiled and published. During this period, Frunze also collaborated with representatives of other political parties. In December 1905, with his militants, Frunze took part in an armed uprising in Moscow on Presnya. In 1906, at the IV Congress of the RSDLP in Stockholm, Frunze (the youngest delegate to the congress) met V.I. Lenin.

Vladimir Central. 1907

Frunze did not shy away from terrorist acts. So, under his leadership, an armed seizure of a printing house in Shuya on January 17, 1907, an armed attack on a police officer was organized. For this, Frunze was twice sentenced to death, but under public pressure (including as a result of the intervention of the famous writer V.G. Korolenko), the sentence was commuted. He ended up in hard labor, later lived in exile in Siberia. In 1916, he fled, moved to European Russia and ended up at the front as a volunteer. However, soon Frunze, on the instructions of his party, got a job in the All-Russian Zemstvo Union, while at the same time doing revolutionary work among the soldiers on the Western Front (including campaigning for fraternization with the Germans). By this time, Frunze among the Bolsheviks already had a reputation as a military man (although he never received a military education), a person associated with underground militant organizations. Frunze loved weapons, tried to carry them with him.

In 1917, Frunze led the Minsk organization of the Bolsheviks, participated in the battles in Moscow, where he ordered to send his detachment. With the coming of the Bolsheviks to power, the nature of Frunze's activities changed radically. If until 1917 he worked for the destruction of the state and the disintegration of the army, now he has become one of the active builders of the Soviet state and its armed forces. At the end of 1917 he was elected to the Constituent Assembly from the Bolsheviks. At the beginning of 1918, Frunze became chairman of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk Provincial Committee of the RCP(b), military commissar of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province. In August 1918, Frunze became the military commissar of the Yaroslavl military district, which included eight provinces. It was necessary to restore the district after the recent uprising in Yaroslavl, it was necessary to form rifle divisions for the Red Army in a short time. Here, Frunze began cooperation with the former General Staff, Major General F.F. Novitsky. Cooperation continued with the transfer of Frunze to the Eastern Front.

According to Novitsky, Frunze

possessed an amazing ability to quickly understand the most complex and new issues for him, to separate the essential from the secondary in them, and then distribute the work among the performers in accordance with the abilities of each. He also knew how to select people, as if by instinct guessing who was capable of what ...

Of course, the former volunteer Frunze did not possess the technical knowledge of the preparation and organization of military operations. However, he appreciated military professionals, former officers, and united around him a whole galaxy of experienced General Staff officers, with whom he tried not to part. Thus, his victories were predetermined by the active and highly professional work of the team of military specialists of the old army, whose work he supervised. Realizing the insufficiency of his military knowledge, Frunze carefully studied military literature and was engaged in self-education. However, according to the chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic L.D. Trotsky, Frunze "was carried away by abstract schemes, he was poorly versed in people and easily fell under the influence of specialists, mostly secondary ones."

There is no doubt that Frunze possessed the charisma of a military leader, capable of leading the Red Army masses, great personal courage and determination. It is no coincidence that Frunze liked to be in front of the troops, with a rifle in his hands in battle formations. He was shell-shocked in June 1919 near Ufa. However, first of all, he was a talented organizer and political leader who knew how to organize the work of headquarters and rear in emergency conditions. On the Eastern Front, under Frunze, local mobilizations were successfully carried out.

From a speech by Frunze in 1919: “Every fool can understand that there, in the camp of our enemies, there can be no national revival of Russia, that it is from that side that there can be no question of the struggle for the well-being of the Russian people. Because it is not because of the beautiful eyes that all these French, the British help Denikin and Kolchak - it is natural that they pursue their own interests. This fact should be clear enough that Russia is not there, that Russia is with us... We are not a weakling like Kerensky. We are fighting to the death. We know that if we are defeated, then hundreds of thousands, millions of the best, staunchest and most energetic in our country will be exterminated, we know that they will not talk to us, they will only hang us, and our whole homeland will be covered in blood. Our country will be enslaved by foreign capital. As for factories and factories, they have long been sold ...

A nation of many millions can be defeated, but it cannot be crushed... The eyes of the enslaved all over the world are turned to our impoverished, exhausted country.

Turkestan. 1920

Frunze received direct front-line experience only in 1919, when he took the post of commander of the 4th Army of the Eastern Front and commander of the Southern Group of Forces of the Front, which dealt the main blow to the admiral A.V. Kolchak. The strike of the Frunze group on the flank of the Western Army of the Whites in the Buzuluk region brought success and ultimately led to a turning point in the situation at the front and the transfer of initiative from the Whites to the Reds. The whole series of operations of the Reds turned out to be successful - the Buguruslan, Belebey and Ufa operations, carried out from the end of April to the second half of June 1919. As a result of these operations, the Kolchakites were thrown back from the Volga region to the Urals, and later ended up in Siberia. Frunze commanded the Turkestan army and everything Eastern Front. For successes on the Eastern Front he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

From Frunze's appeal to the Cossacks in 1919: “Has Soviet power collapsed? No, it exists in spite of the enemies of the working people, and its existence is stronger than ever. That this is so, it is enough to consider the following words of the sworn enemy of labor Russia, the British First Minister Lloyd George, which he said the other day in the British Parliament: “Apparently, the hopes for a military defeat of the Bolsheviks are not destined to come true. Our Russian friends have lately suffered a number of sensitive setbacks…”

Who are the Russian friends of Mr. Lloyd George? These are Denikin, Yudenich, Kolchak, who sold to English capital the property of the Russian people - Russian ore, timber, oil and grain, and for this they were awarded the title of "friends".

What happened to Lloyd George's friends that made him lose faith in the military defeat of the Bolsheviks?

The answer to this is provided by the picture of martial law on the fronts of the Soviet Republic… two of the three main enemies of labor Russia: Kolchak and Yudenich have already been removed from the scene… Soviet power, which is the power of the working people, is invincible.”

From August 1919 to September 1920 he commanded the Turkestan Front. As a native and connoisseur of Turkestan, he was in his place. During this period, under the leadership of Frunze, the blockade of Turkestan was broken (on September 13, at the Mugodzharskaya station south of Aktyubinsk, units of the 1st Army united with the Turkestan formations of the Reds), the region was cleared of the Whites, the South, Separate Ural, Separate Orenburg and Semirechensk armies of the Whites were defeated , the Emirate of Bukhara was liquidated, successes were achieved in the fight against the Basmachi.

In September 1920, Frunze, who gained a reputation as a successful party commander, was appointed commander of the Southern Front, whose task was to defeat the Russian army, General P.N. Wrangel in the Crimea. The Perekop-Chongar operation against the Russian army of Wrangel with the passage through the Sivash was developed by a team of staff workers of the Southern Front, formed around M.V. Frunze is still on the Eastern and Turkestan fronts. Commander-in-Chief S.S. took direct part in the preparation of the operation. Kamenev and the head of the RVSR Field Headquarters P.P. Lebedev. As a result of this operation, the Wrangel army was forced to evacuate from the Crimea abroad. The large-scale Civil War in Russia ended there.

As a result of the Civil War, Frunze acquired the status of the winner of Kolchak, the Ural Cossacks and Wrangel, the conqueror of Turkestan, the liquidator of the Petliurists and Makhnovists. This was the status of a real party military nugget. In fact, of the three main enemies of Soviet power, Kolchak, Denikin and Wrangel, Frunze was considered the winner of two.

In the early 1920s Frunze headed the armed forces of Ukraine and Crimea. His main attention was focused on the elimination of banditry in Ukraine, with which he brilliantly coped, earning the second Order of the Red Banner. In the summer of 1921, Frunze was wounded in a skirmish with the Makhnovists. As a contemporary noted, “from the Central Committee of the CPB (u) for this risk, comrade. Frunze received a nadir, and from the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic - the second Order of the Red Banner. In 1921-1922. Frunze went on a military-diplomatic mission to Turkey, where he was taking cash aid Mustafa Kemal.

Frunze was not a cruel person. During the Civil War, orders were issued under his signature on humane treatment of prisoners, which, for example, caused dissatisfaction with the party leader V.I. Lenin. As a decent man, he was a bad politician. It is no coincidence that V.M. Molotov subsequently noted that Frunze was not fully his own for the Bolsheviks. Possessing a special sense of responsibility, he was more of a talented executor of orders from above than a leader.

During the struggle of the Stalinist group with L.D. Trotsky in 1924, Frunze took over as Chief of Staff of the Red Army, Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, and Head of the Military Academy of the Red Army. In 1925, he became chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs. Contrary to subsequent myths, Frunze, in leadership positions in the Red Army, continued Trotsky's course towards reforming the army. The reform consisted in an attempt to create a regular army, organize a territorial system of troops, improve the quality of command staff and improve combat training, remove unreliable elements, reduce the central apparatus, reorganize supplies, introduce a new military equipment strengthening unity of command. The military reform was not distinguished by great thoughtfulness and, in many respects, proceeded under the influence of the political struggle in the party.

Frunze compiled a number of military-theoretical works, including the development of the military doctrine of the Red Army.

From an article by Frunze in 1925:

The lack of modern military equipment is the weakest point of our defense ... We must become independent from abroad, not only in mass-industrial activity, but also in constructive and inventive work.

Having replaced Trotsky's henchmen, and later the leader of the Red Army himself in the military leadership, Frunze, however, was not a member of the Stalinist group. He remained independent and had a certain authority in the troops, which, of course, could not suit the party elite. It is doubtful that Frunze had any Bonapartist intentions. However, for those around him, he remained a mysterious and unusual figure at the top of the party.

M.V. Frunze. Artist Brodsky I.I.

The untimely death of 40-year-old Frunze on the operating table of the Soldatenkovskaya (Botkinskaya) hospital still remains largely mysterious. Versions that he was killed during a surgical operation on the orders of I.V. Stalin, have become widespread since the mid-1920s. Frunze was buried at the Kremlin wall. Frunze's son Timur became a fighter pilot, died in action in 1942, and was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

After death, the figure of M.V. Frunze turned out to be mythologized and idealized. His merit was to promote the official ideology, since he was dead, and during his lifetime he had little connection with Trotsky. In fact, the figure of Frunze as the leader of the Red Army was replaced by the figure of the true leader of the army during the Civil War and the early 1920s. - Leon Trotsky. A posthumous cult of Frunze developed in the USSR, his name was immortalized in the names of numerous settlements, districts, streets and squares, metro stations, in the names of geographical objects (Frunze Peak in the Pamirs, Cape Frunze on the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago), in the names of various enterprises and organizations , in many monuments, in books, philately and cinema.

Ganin A.V., Ph.D., Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Literature

Gareev M.A. M.V. Frunze is a military theorist. M., 1985

Kalyuzhny I.T. Versions and the truth about the illness and death of M.V. Frunze. Bishkek, 1996

Memoirs of friends and colleagues. M., 1965

Life and activity. M., 1962

: Unknown and forgotten. Journalism, memoirs, documents, letters. M., 1991

About Mikhail Frunze: Memoirs, essays, articles of contemporaries. M., 1985

Frunze M.V. Selected works. M., 1950

Internet

Vladimir Svyatoslavich

981 - the conquest of Cherven and Przemysl. 983 - the conquest of the Yatvags. 984 - the conquest of the natives. 985 - successful campaigns against the Bulgars, the taxation of the Khazar Khaganate. 988 - the conquest of the Taman Peninsula. 991 - the subjugation of the White Croats. 992 - successfully defended Cherven Rus in the war against Poland. in addition, the saint is equal to the apostles.

Benigsen Leonty

An unfairly forgotten commander. Having won several battles against Napoleon and his marshals, he drew two battles with Napoleon, losing one battle. Participated in the battle of Borodino. One of the contenders for the post of commander-in-chief of the Russian army during Patriotic War 1812!

Vatutin Nikolai Fyodorovich

Operations "Uranus", "Little Saturn", "Jump", etc. etc.
A true war worker

Shein Mikhail Borisovich

He led the Smolensk defense against the Polish-Lithuanian troops, which lasted 20 months. Under the command of Shein, repeated attacks were repulsed, despite the explosion and a breach in the wall. He held and bled the main forces of the Poles at the decisive moment of the Time of Troubles, preventing them from moving to Moscow to support their garrison, creating an opportunity to assemble an all-Russian militia to liberate the capital. Only with the help of a defector, the troops of the Commonwealth managed to take Smolensk on June 3, 1611. The wounded Shein was taken prisoner and was taken away with his family for 8 years in Poland. After returning to Russia, he commanded an army that tried to return Smolensk in 1632-1634. Executed on boyar slander. Undeservedly forgotten.

Kondratenko Roman Isidorovich

Warrior of honor without fear and reproach, the soul of the defense of Port Arthur.

Budyonny Semyon Mikhailovich

Commander of the First Cavalry Army of the Red Army during the Civil War. The First Cavalry Army, which he led until October 1923, played an important role in a number of major operations of the Civil War to defeat the troops of Denikin and Wrangel in Northern Tavria and the Crimea.

Gagen Nikolai Alexandrovich

On June 22, trains with units of the 153rd Infantry Division arrived in Vitebsk. Covering the city from the west, the Hagen division (together with the heavy artillery regiment attached to the division) occupied a 40 km long defense zone, it was opposed by the 39th German motorized corps.

After 7 days of fierce fighting, the battle formations of the division were not broken through. The Germans no longer contacted the division, bypassed it and continued the offensive. The division flashed in the message of the German radio as destroyed. Meanwhile, the 153rd Rifle Division, without ammunition and fuel, began to break through the ring. Hagen led the division out of the encirclement with heavy weapons.

For the steadfastness and heroism shown during the Elninsk operation on September 18, 1941, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense No. 308, the division received the honorary name "Guards".
From 01/31/1942 to 09/12/1942 and from 10/21/1942 to 04/25/1943 - commander of the 4th Guards Rifle Corps,
from May 1943 to October 1944 - commander of the 57th Army,
from January 1945 - the 26th Army.

The troops under the leadership of N. A. Hagen participated in the Sinyavino operation (moreover, the general managed to break out of the encirclement for the second time with weapons in his hands), the Battles of Stalingrad and Kursk, battles in the Left-Bank and Right-Bank Ukraine, in the liberation of Bulgaria, in Iasi-Kishinev, Belgrade, Budapest, Balaton and Vienna operations. Member of the Victory Parade.

In the conditions of the decomposition of the Russian state during the Time of Troubles, with minimal material and human resources, he created an army that defeated the Polish-Lithuanian interventionists and liberated most of the Russian state.

Kotlyarevsky Petr Stepanovich

Hero of the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813
"General Meteor" and "Caucasian Suvorov".
He fought not in numbers, but in skill - first, 450 Russian soldiers attacked 1,200 Persian sardars in the Migri fortress and took it, then 500 of our soldiers and Cossacks attacked 5,000 askers at the crossing over the Araks. More than 700 enemies were exterminated, only 2,500 Persian fighters managed to escape from ours.
In both cases, our losses are less than 50 killed and up to 100 wounded.
Further, in the war against the Turks, with a swift attack, 1000 Russian soldiers defeated the 2000th garrison of the Akhalkalaki fortress.
Then, again in the Persian direction, he cleared Karabakh of the enemy, and then, with 2,200 soldiers, defeated Abbas-Mirza with a 30,000-strong army near Aslanduz, a village near the Araks River. In two battles, he destroyed more than 10,000 enemies, including English advisers and artillerymen.
As usual, Russian losses were 30 killed and 100 wounded.
Kotlyarevsky won most of his victories in night assaults on fortresses and enemy camps, preventing the enemies from coming to their senses.
The last campaign - 2000 Russians against 7000 Persians to the fortress of Lankaran, where Kotlyarevsky almost died during the assault, lost consciousness at times from blood loss and pain from wounds, but still, until the final victory, he commanded the troops as soon as he regained consciousness, and after that he was forced to be treated for a long time and move away from military affairs.
His feats for the glory of Russia are much cooler than the "300 Spartans" - for our generals and warriors more than once beat the 10-fold superior enemy, and suffered minimal losses, saving Russian lives.

Blucher, Tukhachevsky

Blucher, Tukhachevsky and the whole galaxy of heroes of the Civil War. Don't forget Budyonny!

Brusilov Alexey Alekseevich

To the first world war commander of the 8th Army in the Battle of Galicia. On August 15-16, 1914, during the Rogatin battles, he defeated the 2nd Austro-Hungarian army, capturing 20 thousand people. and 70 guns. Galich was taken on August 20. The 8th Army takes an active part in the battles near Rava-Russkaya and in the Battle of Gorodok. In September he commanded a group of troops from the 8th and 3rd armies. September 28 - October 11, his army withstood the counterattack of the 2nd and 3rd Austro-Hungarian armies in the battles on the San River and near the city of Stryi. During the successfully completed battles, 15 thousand enemy soldiers were captured, and at the end of October his army entered the foothills of the Carpathians.

Tsesarevich and Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich

Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, the second son of Emperor Paul I, received the title of Tsarevich in 1799 for participation in the Swiss campaign of A.V. Suvorov, retaining it until 1831. In the Battle of Austrlitz, he commanded the Guards Reserve of the Russian Army, took part in the Patriotic War of 1812, and distinguished himself in the foreign campaigns of the Russian Army. For the "battle of the peoples" at Leipzig in 1813 he received the "golden weapon" "For courage!". Inspector General of the Russian Cavalry, since 1826 Viceroy of the Kingdom of Poland.

Yulaev Salavat

The commander of the Pugachev era (1773-1775). Together with Pugachev, having organized an uprising, he tried to change the position of the peasants in society. He won several dinners over the troops of Catherine II.

Denikin Anton Ivanovich

One of the most talented and successful commanders of the First World War. A native of a poor family, he made a brilliant military career, relying solely on his own virtues. Member of the REV, WWI, graduate of the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff. He fully realized his talent commanding the legendary "Iron" brigade, then deployed into a division. Participant and one of the main characters of the Brusilov breakthrough. He remained a man of honor even after the collapse of the army, a prisoner of Bykhov. Member of the ice campaign and commander of the All-Russian Union of Youth. For more than a year and a half, having very modest resources and far inferior in number to the Bolsheviks, he won victory after victory, freeing a huge territory.
Also, do not forget that Anton Ivanovich is a wonderful and very successful publicist, and his books are still very popular. An extraordinary, talented commander, an honest Russian man in a difficult time for the Motherland, who was not afraid to light a torch of hope.

Kovpak Sidor Artemevich

Member of the First World War (he served in the 186th Aslanduz Infantry Regiment) and the Civil War. During the First World War, he fought on the Southwestern Front, a member of the Brusilov breakthrough. In April 1915, as part of the guard of honor, he was personally awarded the St. George Cross by Nicholas II. In total, he was awarded St. George's crosses III and IV degrees and medals "For Courage" ("George" medals) III and IV degrees.

During the Civil War he headed the local partisan detachment, who fought in Ukraine with the German invaders together with the detachments of A. Ya. Parkhomenko, then was a fighter of the 25th Chapaev division on the Eastern Front, where he was engaged in the disarmament of the Cossacks, participated in battles with the armies of Generals A. I. Denikin and Wrangel on the Southern Front.

In 1941-1942, Kovpak's formation carried out raids behind enemy lines in the Sumy, Kursk, Oryol and Bryansk regions, in 1942-1943 - a raid from the Bryansk forests on the Right-Bank Ukraine in the Gomel, Pinsk, Volyn, Rivne, Zhytomyr and Kyiv regions; in 1943 - the Carpathian raid. The Sumy partisan formation under the command of Kovpak fought over 10 thousand kilometers in the rear of the Nazi troops, defeated the enemy garrisons in 39 settlements. Kovpak's raids played a big role in the deployment of the partisan movement against the German occupiers.

Twice Hero of the Soviet Union:
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 18, 1942, for the exemplary performance of combat missions behind enemy lines, the courage and heroism shown in their performance, Kovpak Sidor Artemyevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 708)
The second medal "Gold Star" (No.) Major General Kovpak Sidor Artemyevich was awarded by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 4, 1944 for the successful conduct of the Carpathian raid
four Orders of Lenin (18.5.1942, 4.1.1944, 23.1.1948, 25.5.1967)
Order of the Red Banner (24.12.1942)
Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, 1st class. (7.8.1944)
Order of Suvorov, 1st class (2 May 1945)
medals
foreign orders and medals (Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia)

Gorbaty-Shuisky Alexander Borisovich

Hero of the Kazan War, the first governor of Kazan

Rurikovich (Grozny) Ivan Vasilyevich

In the variety of perceptions of Ivan the Terrible, they often forget about his unconditional talent and achievements as a commander. He personally led the capture of Kazan and organized military reform, leading the country, which simultaneously waged 2-3 wars on different fronts.

Yudenich Nikolai Nikolaevich

The best Russian commander during the First World War. An ardent patriot of his Motherland.

Nakhimov Pavel Stepanovich

Oktyabrsky Philip Sergeevich

Admiral, Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War, the commander Black Sea Fleet. One of the leaders of the Defense of Sevastopol in 1941 - 1942, as well as the Crimean operation of 1944. During the Great Patriotic War, Vice Admiral F.S. Oktyabrsky was one of the leaders of the heroic defense of Odessa and Sevastopol. Being the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, at the same time in 1941-1942 he was the commander of the Sevastopol Defense Region.

Three orders of Lenin
three orders of the Red Banner
two orders of Ushakov 1st degree
Order of Nakhimov 1st class
Order of Suvorov 2nd class
Order of the Red Star
medals

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

He was the Supreme Commander of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War! Under his leadership, the USSR won the Great Victory during the Great Patriotic War!

Khvorostinin Dmitry Ivanovich

The commander who did not have defeats ...

Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich

During the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791, F.F. Ushakov made a serious contribution to the development of the tactics of the sailing fleet. Based on the totality of the principles of training the forces of the fleet and military art, having absorbed all the accumulated tactical experience, F. F. Ushakov acted creatively, based on the specific situation and common sense. His actions were distinguished by decisiveness and extraordinary courage. He did not hesitate to reorganize the fleet into battle formation already at a close approach to the enemy, minimizing the time of tactical deployment. Despite the prevailing tactical rule of finding the commander in the middle of the battle formation, Ushakov, implementing the principle of concentration of forces, boldly put his ship in the forefront and at the same time occupied the most dangerous positions, encouraging his commanders with his own courage. He was distinguished by a quick assessment of the situation, an accurate calculation of all success factors and a decisive attack aimed at achieving complete victory over the enemy. In this regard, Admiral F.F. Ushakov can rightfully be considered the founder of the Russian tactical school in naval art.

Drozdovsky Mikhail Gordeevich

He was the Supreme Commander of all the armed forces of the Soviet Union. Thanks to his talent as a Commander and an Outstanding Statesman, the USSR won the bloodiest WAR in the history of mankind. Most of the battles of the Second World War were won with his direct participation in the development of their plans.

Kuznetsov Nikolai Gerasimovich

He made a great contribution to the strengthening of the fleet before the war; conducted a number of major exercises, became the initiator of the opening of new maritime schools and maritime special schools (later Nakhimov schools). On the eve of Germany's sudden attack on the USSR, he took effective measures to increase the combat readiness of the fleets, and on the night of June 22 he gave the order to bring them to full combat readiness, which made it possible to avoid the loss of ships and naval aviation.

Pokryshkin Alexander Ivanovich

Air Marshal of the USSR, the first three times Hero of the Soviet Union, a symbol of victory over the Nazi Wehrmacht in the air, one of the most successful fighter pilots of the Great Patriotic War (WWII).

Participating in air battles of the Great Patriotic War, he developed and "tested" in battles a new tactic of air combat, which made it possible to seize the initiative in the air and eventually defeat the fascist Luftwaffe. In fact, he created a whole school of aces of the Second World War. Commanding the 9th Guards Air Division, he continued to personally participate in air battles, scoring 65 air victories over the entire period of the war.

Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich

A man whose faith, courage, and patriotism defended our state

Stalin (Dzhugashvili) Joseph Vissarionovich

Miloradovich

Bagration, Miloradovich, Davydov - some very special breed of people. Now they don't do that. The heroes of 1812 were distinguished by complete recklessness, complete contempt for death. And after all, it was General Miloradovich, who went through all the wars for Russia without a single scratch, who became the first victim of individual terror. After Kakhovsky's shot on Senate Square, the Russian revolution followed this path - right up to the basement of the Ipatiev House. Removing the best.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

He led the armed struggle of the Soviet people in the war against Germany and its allies and satellites, as well as in the war against Japan.
He led the Red Army to Berlin and Port Arthur.

Romanov Alexander I Pavlovich

The actual commander in chief of the allied armies that liberated Europe in 1813-1814. "He took Paris, he founded a lyceum." The Great Leader who crushed Napoleon himself. (The shame of Austerlitz is not comparable to the tragedy of 1941.)

Khvorostinin Dmitry Ivanovich

Outstanding commander of the second half of the XVI century. Oprichnik.
Genus. OK. 1520, died on August 7 (17), 1591. At the voivodship posts since 1560. Participated in almost all military enterprises during the independent reign of Ivan IV and the reign of Fyodor Ioannovich. He has won several field battles (including: the defeat of the Tatars near Zaraisk (1570), the Battle of Molodinskaya (during the decisive battle he led the Russian troops in Gulyai-gorod), the defeat of the Swedes at Lyamits (1582) and not far from Narva ( 1590)). He led the suppression of the Cheremis uprising in 1583-1584, for which he received the boyar rank.
According to the totality of the merits of D.I. Khvorostinin is much higher than M.I. Vorotynsky. Vorotynsky was more noble and therefore he was more often entrusted with the general leadership of the regiments. But, according to the commander's talents, he was far from Khvorostinin.

Osterman-Tolstoy Alexander Ivanovich

One of the brightest "field" generals of the early 19th century. Hero of the battles of Preussisch-Eylau, Ostrovno and Kulm.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

"As a military leader, I.V. Stalin, I studied thoroughly, since I went through the whole war with him. I.V. Stalin mastered the organization of front-line operations and operations of groups of fronts and led them with complete knowledge of the matter, well versed in large strategic questions...
In leading the armed struggle as a whole, JV Stalin was assisted by his natural mind and rich intuition. He knew how to find the main link in a strategic situation and, seizing on it, to counteract the enemy, to conduct one or another major offensive operation. Undoubtedly, he was a worthy Supreme Commander"

(Zhukov G.K. Memoirs and reflections.)

Most Serene Prince Wittgenstein Peter Khristianovich

For the defeat of the French units of Oudinot and MacDonald at Klyastits, thereby closing the road for the French army to St. Petersburg in 1812. Then in October 1812 he defeated the Saint-Cyr corps near Polotsk. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian-Prussian armies in April-May 1813.

Momyshuly Bauyrzhan

Fidel Castro called him a hero of World War II.
He brilliantly put into practice the tactics developed by Major General I.V. Panfilov of fighting with small forces against an enemy many times superior in strength, which later received the name "Momyshuly's spiral".

Skopin-Shuisky Mikhail Vasilievich

I beg the military-historical society to correct the extreme historical injustice and add to the list of 100 best commanders, the leader of the northern militia who did not lose a single battle, who played an outstanding role in liberating Russia from the Polish yoke and unrest. And apparently poisoned for his talent and skill.

Saltykov Petr Semenovich

One of those commanders who managed to exemplary defeat one of the best commanders of Europe in the 18th century - Frederick II of Prussia

Ivan III Vasilievich

He united the Russian lands around Moscow, threw off the hated Tatar-Mongol yoke.

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich

A person who combines the totality of knowledge of a naturalist, scientist and great strategist.

Katukov Mikhail Efimovich

Perhaps the only bright spot against the background of the Soviet commanders of the armored forces. A tanker who went through the entire war, starting from the border. The commander, whose tanks always showed their superiority to the enemy. His tank brigades were the only (!) in the first period of the war that were not defeated by the Germans and even inflicted significant damage on them.
His first guard tank army remained combat-ready, although it defended from the very first days of the battles on the southern face of the Kursk Bulge, while exactly the same Rotmistrov's 5th Guards Tank Army was practically destroyed on the very first day it entered the battle (June 12)
This is one of the few of our commanders who took care of his troops and fought not by numbers, but by skill.

Romanov Mikhail Timofeevich

The heroic defense of Mogilev, for the first time all-round anti-tank defense of the city.

Saltykov Pyotr Semyonovich

The commander-in-chief of the Russian army in the Seven Years' War, was the main architect of the key victories of the Russian troops.

Makarov Stepan Osipovich

Russian oceanographer, polar explorer, shipbuilder, vice admiral. Developed the Russian semaphore alphabet. A worthy person, on the list of worthy ones!

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

The commander-in-chief of the Red Army, which repelled the attack of Nazi Germany, liberated Evroppa, the author of many operations, including "Ten Stalinist strikes" (1944)

Udatny Mstislav Mstislavovich

A real knight, recognized as a fair commander in Europe

Alekseev Mikhail Vasilievich

One of the most talented Russian generals of the First World War. Hero of the Battle of Galicia in 1914, savior of the Northwestern Front from encirclement in 1915, chief of staff under Emperor Nicholas I.

General of Infantry (1914), Adjutant General (1916). Active member white movement in the Civil War. One of the organizers of the Volunteer Army.

Duke of Württemberg Eugene

Infantry general, cousin of the Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I. Served in the Russian Army since 1797 (enrolled as a colonel in the Life Guards Horse Regiment by the Decree of Emperor Paul I). Participated in military campaigns against Napoleon in 1806-1807. For participation in the battle near Pultusk in 1806 he was awarded the Order of St. George the Victorious 4th degree, for the campaign of 1807 he received a golden weapon "For Courage", distinguished himself in the campaign of 1812 (personally led the 4th Jaeger Regiment into battle in the battle of Smolensk), for participation in the Battle of Borodino he was awarded the Order of St. George the Victorious, 3rd degree. Since November 1812, the commander of the 2nd infantry corps in the army of Kutuzov. He took an active part in the foreign campaigns of the Russian army in 1813-1814, the units under his command especially distinguished themselves in the battle of Kulm in August 1813, and in the "battle of the peoples" at Leipzig. For courage at Leipzig, Duke Eugene was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. Parts of his corps were the first to enter the defeated Paris on April 30, 1814, for which Eugene of Württemberg received the rank of general of infantry. From 1818 to 1821 was the commander of the 1st Army Infantry Corps. Contemporaries considered Prince Eugene of Württemberg one of the best Russian infantry commanders during the Napoleonic Wars. On December 21, 1825, Nicholas I was appointed chief of the Tauride Grenadier Regiment, which became known as the Grenadier Regiment of His Royal Highness Prince Eugene of Württemberg. On August 22, 1826, he was awarded the Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called. Participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1827-1828. as commander of the 7th Infantry Corps. On October 3, he defeated a large Turkish detachment on the Kamchik River.

Peter I the Great

Emperor of All Russia (1721-1725), before that, Tsar of All Russia. He won the Great Northern War (1700-1721). This victory finally opened free access to Baltic Sea. Under his rule, Russia Russian empire) became a Great Power.

Dokhturov Dmitry Sergeevich

Defense of Smolensk.
Command of the left flank on the Borodino field after the wounding of Bagration.
Tarutino battle.

Vorotynsky Mikhail Ivanovich

“The compiler of the charter of the guard and border service” is, of course, good. For some reason, we have forgotten the battle of YOUTH from July 29 to August 2, 1572. But it was precisely from this victory that Moscow's right to a lot was recognized. The Ottomans were recaptured a lot of things, they were very sobered by the thousands of destroyed Janissaries, and unfortunately they helped Europe with this. The battle of YOUTH is very difficult to overestimate

Prince Monomakh Vladimir Vsevolodovich

The most remarkable of the Russian princes of the pre-Tatar period of our history, who left behind great fame and a good memory.

Shein Alexey Semyonovich

The first Russian generalissimo. Leader of the Azov campaigns of Peter I.

Markov Sergey Leonidovich

One of the main characters of the early stage of the Russian-Soviet war.
Veteran of Russian-Japanese, World War I and Civil War. Cavalier of the Order of St. George 4th class, Orders of St. Vladimir 3rd class and 4th class with swords and bow, Orders of St. Anne 2nd, 3rd and 4th class, Orders of St. Stanislaus 2nd and 3rd th degrees. The owner of the St. George's weapon. Outstanding military theorist. Member of the Ice Campaign. Son of an officer. Hereditary nobleman of the Moscow province. Graduated from the Academy General Staff, served in the Life Guards of the 2nd Artillery Brigade. One of the commanders of the Volunteer Army at the first stage. Died a heroic death.

Bagration, Denis Davydov...

The war of 1812, the glorious names of Bagration, Barclay, Davydov, Platov. An example of honor and courage.

Batitsky

I served in the air defense and therefore I know this surname - Batitsky. Do you know? By the way, the father of air defense!

Karyagin Pavel Mikhailovich

Colonel Karyagin's campaign against the Persians in 1805 does not resemble real military history. It looks like a prequel to "300 Spartans" (20,000 Persians, 500 Russians, gorges, bayonet charges, "This is crazy! - No, this is the 17th Jaeger Regiment!"). A golden, platinum page of Russian history, combining the slaughter of madness with the highest tactical skill, delightful cunning and stunning Russian impudence

Grachev Pavel Sergeevich

The hero of the USSR. May 5, 1988 "for the performance of combat missions with minimal casualties and for the professional command of a controlled formation and the successful actions of the 103rd Airborne Division, in particular, to occupy the strategically important pass Satukandav (Khost province) during the military operation" Highway " "Received the Gold Star medal No. 11573. Commander of the Airborne Forces of the USSR. Total time military service made 647 parachute jumps, some of them while testing new equipment.
He was shell-shocked 8 times, received several wounds. Suppressed the armed coup in Moscow and thereby saved the system of democracy. As Minister of Defense, he made great efforts to preserve the remnants of the army - a task that few people had in the history of Russia. Only because of the collapse of the army and a decrease in the number of military equipment in the Armed Forces, he could not end the Chechen war victoriously.

Romodanovsky Grigory Grigorievich

There are no outstanding military figures of the period from the Troubles to the Northern War on the project, although there were such. An example of this is G.G. Romodanovsky.
Descended from the family of Starodub princes.
Member of the sovereign's campaign against Smolensk in 1654. In September 1655, together with the Ukrainian Cossacks, he defeated the Poles near Gorodok (not far from Lvov), in November of the same year he fought in the battle of Ozernaya. In 1656 he received the rank of roundabout and headed the Belgorod category. In 1658 and 1659 participated in hostilities against the betrayed hetman Vyhovsky and the Crimean Tatars, besieged Varva and fought near Konotop (Romodanovsky's troops withstood a heavy battle at the crossing over the Kukolka River). In 1664, he played a decisive role in repelling the invasion of 70 thousand army of the Polish king on the Left-Bank Ukraine, inflicted a number of sensitive blows on it. In 1665 he was granted a boyar. In 1670, he acted against the Razintsy - he defeated the detachment of the ataman's brother, Frol. The crown of Romodanovsky's military activity is the war with the Ottoman Empire. In 1677 and 1678 troops under his leadership inflicted heavy defeats on the Ottomans. An interesting moment: both main defendants in the battle of Vienna in 1683 were defeated by G.G. Romodanovsky: Sobessky with his king in 1664 and Kara Mustafa in 1678
The prince died on May 15, 1682 during the Streltsy uprising in Moscow.

Peter the First

Because he not only won the lands of his fathers, but also approved the status of Russia as a power!

Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich

Certainly worthy, explanations and proofs, in my opinion, are not required. It's amazing that his name isn't on the list. was the list prepared by representatives of the USE generation?

Rurikovich Yaroslav the Wise Vladimirovich

He devoted his life to defending the Fatherland. Defeated the Pechenegs. He established the Russian state as one of the greatest states of his time.

Kappel Vladimir Oskarovich

Without exaggeration - the best commander of the army of Admiral Kolchak. Under his command, in 1918, Russia's gold reserves were captured in Kazan. At the age of 36 - lieutenant general, commander of the Eastern Front. The Siberian Ice Campaign is associated with this name. In January 1920, he led 30,000 "Kappelevites" to Irkutsk to capture Irkutsk and release the Supreme Ruler of Russia, Admiral Kolchak, from captivity. The death of the general from pneumonia largely determined the tragic outcome of this campaign and the death of the Admiral ...

To protect against attacks, Dovmont fortified Pskov with a new stone wall, which until the 16th century was called Dovmontova.
In 1299, the Livonian knights unexpectedly invaded the Pskov land and devastated it, but were again defeated by Dovmont, who soon fell ill and died.
None of the Pskov princes enjoyed such love among the Pskovites as Dovmont.
Russian Orthodox Church canonized him as a saint in the 16th century after the Batory invasion on the occasion of some miraculous phenomenon. The local memory of Dovmont is celebrated on May 25. His body was buried in the Trinity Cathedral in Pskov, where his sword and clothes were kept at the beginning of the 20th century.

Boris Mikhailovich Shaposhnikov

Marshal of the Soviet Union, an outstanding Soviet military leader, military theorist.
B. M. Shaposhnikov made a significant contribution to the theory and practice of construction armed forces USSR, in their strengthening and improvement, training of military personnel.
He was a consistent champion of strict discipline, but an enemy of shouting. Rudeness in general was organically alien to him. True military intellectual, b. colonel in the imperial army.

Chernyakhovsky Ivan Danilovich

The youngest and one of the most talented Soviet military leaders. It was during the years of the Great Patriotic War that his great military leadership talent, the ability to quickly and correctly make bold decisions, was revealed. This is evidenced by his path from the commander of the division (28th Panzer) to the commander of the Western and 3rd Belorussian fronts. For successful military operations, the troops commanded by I.D. Chernyakhovsky were noted 34 times in the orders of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. Unfortunately, his life was cut short at the age of 39 during the liberation of the city of Melzak (now Poland).

Mikhail Vasilievich Frunze is one of the few, and perhaps the only one of the leaders of the Bolsheviks who was not defamated in "democratic" Russia. The author is not aware of the renaming of streets, metro stations, the demolition of his monuments. Naturally, we are talking about Russia. In Ukraine, monuments to all Russians are being demolished, including Kutuzov and Pushkin.

IDEAL BOLSHEVIK

Mikhail Frunze was born in 1885 in Pishpek (now Bishkek). What follows is an ideal biography for a Bolshevik.

In 1904 he entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. In November, he was arrested for the first time for his revolutionary ideas.

On Bloody Sunday, January 9, 1905, he participated in a demonstration on Palace Square in St. Petersburg, was wounded in the arm. Later, Mikhail Vasilievich admitted that it was this event that led him to "generals from the revolution."

During the years of the revolution of 1905-1907, he conducted party work in Moscow, since May - in Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Shuya (under the pseudonym Comrade Arseny), a member of the committee of the RSDLP. One of the leaders of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk general strike of textile workers (May-July 1905). At the head of the fighting squad of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Shuisky workers, he participated in the December armed uprising of 1905 in Moscow. In 1906, he was a delegate to the IV Congress of the RSDLP in Stockholm from the Ivanovo-Voznesensk District Organization.

For the murder of policemen on September 23, 1910, as Wikipedia points out, “sentenced to death, commuted under pressure from public opinion to 6 years hard labor. After being imprisoned in the Vladimir, Nikolaev and Alexander hard labor prisons in March 1914, he was sent to an eternal settlement in the village of Manzurka, Irkutsk province.

And here is something I do not understand. Under Stolypin, people were executed by the thousands, often for nothing.

For example, on December 18, 1906, a bomb exploded in the room of the Kyiv hotel "Kupecheskaya". It was prepared by the terrorist Garsky. After an accidental explosion, he ran away, but his wounded 16-year-old girlfriend was captured by gendarmes. There is no evidence of the girl's guilt! But she was sentenced to hanging, later replacing her execution with eternal hard labor because of her minority. And so Fanny Kaplan served in hard labor until February 1917.

What kind of "public" saved Frunze? Bolsheviks? They didn't even lift a finger, for which the current "democratic" authors denounce them.

Mikhail Vasilyevich was saved by his sister Lyudmila, who wrote a letter to Professor Maxim Kovalevsky. Through his efforts, the death sentence is initially replaced by six years in prison, and only four years after the sentencing, Frunze goes to fresh air in Siberian exile. It is curious why the "royal satraps" did not act so liberally with other terrorists and the worst enemies of the empire?

MASONIC TRAIL

I was not too lazy and made inquiries. Maxim Maksimovich Kovalevsky turned out to be not only a professor, but also a member of seven (!) Masonic lodges, including the Chapter of Astrea, the Polar Star, the Renaissance, and others. He had extensive connections with foreign Freemasons. In July 1906 he headed the Duma delegation at the International Inter-Parliamentary Conference in London. In 1907 he was elected a member of the State Council. Now this is serious!

In August 1915, our hero flees, or maybe just leaves (?) From exile in Chita.

There, incognito (his name has not yet been clarified), he provides him with a passport in the name of V.G. Vasilenko.

Frunze works as a statistician in the Resettlement Administration and at the same time as the editor of the Zabaikalskoe Obozreniye newspaper. I note that the newspaper is legal - you will not lead revolutionary propaganda.

In March 1916, Frunze traveled to Moscow with a passport in the name of P.S. Bagrin. Then he arrives in Petrograd, where the parents of his friend Mikhail Alexandrovich Mikhailov allegedly give him their son's passport. Mikhailov de sent a summons to the army, but he disappeared somewhere. Well, Frunze calmly takes this passport, not fearing that he will be punished for desertion in wartime.

In December 1915, Frunze leaves for the Western Front. In what capacity and for what purpose - is silent. But already in April 1916, Mr. Mikhailov worked as a statistician in the Office of the Zemsky Union of the Western Front. I note that the Zemsky Union was under the complete control of the Masonic lodges. Its functionaries trained personnel for the future administration of the Provisional Government. Moreover, this good deed was done mainly at the expense of the budget of the Russian Empire.

If Frunze had tried to carry out Bolshevik agitation in the Zemsky Union, he would have been thrown out of the Zemgusars in an instant and sent to the front line or "to places not so remote."

Soviet sources claimed that on March 4, 1917, the Bolshevik Frunze headed the workers' militia in Minsk. A small correction: I myself saw a photocopy of the document, which said: “On March 4, an employee of the Zemsky Union, Mikhail Mikhailov, was appointed chief of police of the Zemsky Union (!) in the city of Minsk.” And this is two big differences"- the Soviet workers' militia and militia created by the Provisional Government and controlled by Masons.

Interestingly, from 1910 to the spring of 1917, neither Soviet nor anti-Soviet sources mention any contacts Frunze had with the Bolsheviks or even the Mensheviks. Only by the autumn of 1917 did Comrade Frunze guess where the "main line" of Russian history was.

CRIMEAN HISTORY

For successes on the fronts of the Civil War, on September 20, 1920, Frunze was appointed commander of the Southern Front. He was given the task of putting an end to Baron Wrangel by the end of the year. And now the troops of the Southern Front under the command of Frunze break through the line of Wrangel's field fortifications on the Crimean isthmuses. Concrete structures on Perekop existed only on the pages of Soviet and émigré publications.

On November 11, the battle for the Crimean Isthmus was completely over, the whites fled and no longer offered resistance. Well, what do the "red heroes" do? After all, they had two whole cavalry armies and several separate cavalry units. A total of 40-45 thousand sabers, 57 armored cars and several hundred trucks.

Chop the whites into cabbage! So it was, but only in the movies. See "Two Comrades Served", "Run", etc. There, the horse lavas of the red cavalry smash the retreating white carts, the cavalry cuttings of the red and white look beautiful. In "Running" on the pier in the Sevastopol Artbukhta, the fleeing Wrangel soldiers fire from "Maxims" at the red cavalrymen rushing at them.

However, after occupying the positions of the Whites at Perekop and Ishun, the Red divisions ... disappear from Soviet and current "democratic" sources from the mid-1930s until the beginning of the 21st century. Official Soviet and liberal sources immediately move from the assault on Perekop to the evacuation of the Whites. Emigrant authors wrote about this period briefly and vaguely. General Slashchev wrote: "The Reds did not press, and the retreat took place in peacetime." More, being in the USSR, he could not write.

Compare with the opinion of a modern “democratic” author: “However, it was not possible to prevent the evacuation. The Reds were also exhausted by the battle (at Perekop. - A.Sh.), having lost 10 thousand people. They were able to start the pursuit only a day later. The whites got away from them."

In fact, something unprecedented in the history of wars happened. The army, which had multiple superiority in personnel, breaking through the enemy defenses and entering the operational space, suddenly stopped.

According to the encyclopedia "Civil War and Military Intervention in the USSR" (Moscow, 1983), by the beginning of the assault, Frunze had 146,000 bayonets and 40,000 sabers, while Wrangel had 23,000 bayonets and 12,000 sabers.

As for the losses, according to Frunze's report, the losses of the armies (6th field, 1st and 2nd cavalry) of the Southern Front in the battles for the Crimea in the autumn of 1920 amounted to only 10,344 people - killed, wounded, missing etc. (see table).

I note that these are losses not only in the battle for Perekop, but also in previous battles in the fall of 1920. The Makhnovists are not included in the table.

Let us note that out of 40 thousand Red cavalrymen, the vast majority did not participate in the battles for Perekop at all. Beyond Ishun, the Whites did not have any fortifications up to the very Crimean ports. Wrangel, however, was going to defend Sevastopol along the line of fortifications of 1854-1855, but things did not go beyond empty chatter.

Parts of the whites fled in all directions - to Evpatoria, Sevastopol, Yalta, Feodosia and Kerch. It is not difficult to guess that the red horsemen were literally eager to fight. They did not have enough ammunition, food, their families were starving at home. And ahead was literally the Klondike.

Ah, all the same, all the wealth of the whites would go to the Red Army! Only a well-groomed professor of the history department sitting on the couch can argue like that. But in reality, other units, Crimean Tatars, partisans, etc. could take the booty away.

Nevertheless, after breaking through into the steppe Crimea, Frunze ordered both cavalry armies to stop for rest. It turns out some kind of nonsense.

The famous emigrant historian Vasily Pavlov wrote: “At 18 o’clock on October 30 (November 12), the last battle of the Russian army units ended.” He is echoed by the commander of the 2nd Cavalry Army Philip Mironov: “The battle of the Second Cavalry near the Kurman-Kemelchi station was the last battle of the Soviet troops in the Crimea. And we have the right to say that the last guns that spoke in the Crimea were the guns of the Second Cavalry Army. The last dying ray of the sun was a witness to the last artillery shot of the Reds on November 12, 1920.

AND THE FLEET IS INACTIVE

The most curious thing is that since November 11, red aircraft have ceased to fly. Frunze had 51 serviceable aircraft in the Perekop area, including four-engine Ilya Muromets bombers. In his memoirs, the red military pilot Alexei Tumansky claimed that on September 8, 1920, on the Muromets, he flew after Dzhanka, and there, at the Fedorovka airfield, he destroyed four De Havilland bombers.

Let's leave the destroyed De Havillands on Tumansky's conscience. The main thing for us is that even before the assault on Perekop, the Reds flew after Dzhanka. The "History of the Air Force of the Soviet Army" (Moscow, 1954) says: "Soviet pilots made over a thousand sorties against the Wrangel troops with a total flying time of more than 2 thousand hours."

Later, Frunze boasted: “After the Soviet divisions broke into the Crimea, I ordered the head of the aviation of the front, V.Yu. Jungmeister to organize attacks on enemy ships in the ports of Evpatoria, Feodosia, Yalta and Sevastopol in order to deprive him of the opportunity to evacuate his troops by sea.

And the "villain" Jungmeister did not take off a single plane until Wrangel safely went to Constantinople. Yes, for this - to the Revolutionary Tribunal and to the wall! And Jungmeister went on promotion. So Comrade Frunze, to put it mildly, is disingenuous.

There was another opportunity to prevent the evacuation of the Wrangel troops. In September 1920, the first Soviet submarine AG-23 entered service in Nikolaev. The boat is of the latest design, made in Canada and assembled in Nikolaev. Her armament: 4 bow 457-mm torpedo tubes and one 47-mm gun. The range of the boat is 2700 miles, surface speed is 12.8 knots.

Thus, the AG-23 could catch up with any Wrangel ship in the surface position, including the battleship General Alekseev, which actually made 6-7 knots. And the cruising range allowed her to cruise in the Black Sea for a whole month. Meanwhile, Frunze gave the order to send the AG-23 to the sea only on November 12! And she went to sea only on the 13th. On November 15, AG-23 was already cruising near Sevastopol, but the Whites had long since disappeared.

A rhetorical question, why did Commander-in-Chief Frunze give the order to put the boat out to sea only on November 12, when the first ships with Wrangel troops were already leaving Sevastopol? Well, Mikhail Vasilievich overslept! Forgot about the boat. So on November 12, it was possible to give the order to go not to Sevastopol, but to the Bosphorus. The boat would be guaranteed to overtake the Wrangel armada and sink several ships. And most importantly, panic among inexperienced naval officers and sailors (among the latter there were no more than 10% of professionals) would inevitably lead to rams and navigational accidents. Well, "on the sly" some ships could turn around to Sevastopol.

In Stalin's times, Comrade Frunze would have landed in the NKVD for such a thing. And then there was not even an investigation into the inactivity of the 1st and 2nd cavalry armies, aviation and the AG-23 submarine.

On October 23 (November 4), the ships of the Red Azov tried to enter the Sea of ​​Azov, but could not because of freezing. Well, what about 16 flotilla aircraft? Who prevented them from bombing the whites? Also ice?

The width of the Kerch Strait is from 4.5 to 15 km. Why did the aviation of the Red Caucasian Army not bomb the White ships and the ports of Kerch and Feodosia?

In April 1920, in Novorossiysk captured by the Reds, " Maritime Forces eastern part of the Black Sea. They included the Turkish gunboats "Aydin Reis" and "Preveza" and several armed merchant ships. Naturally, they could not intercept the white fleet, but they could simply put up minefields in the areas of Kerch and Feodosia at night. Moreover, the order to start mine laying was received from Moscow, but someone on the ground canceled it.

And now I will make a small digression, which is of interest to us both from the point of view of the struggle for the Crimea, and from the point of view of the capabilities of the aviation of the 9th Army, based on the Taman Peninsula.

May 1920 began with red airplane raids on the Kerch Peninsula. The 9th Kuban Army included the 4th, 34th, 35th and 37th reconnaissance detachments, which were based in Yekaterinodar. Of these, a Consolidated fighting compartment was allocated, which flew over as part of several aircraft to the airfield near Temryuk. This unit was armed with Sopwiths, Nieuport-17s and captured De Havillands.

In the summer of 1920, red military aircraft regularly bombed the city of Kerch and the white battleship Rostislav, which was stationed in the Kerch Strait. The latter did not have a course and was used as a floating battery. White newspapers painted eerie scenes of the bombing of the city by the "Red Devils".

A natural question arises, why did the Crimean military aircraft not bomb the port and ships during the evacuation of Wrangel in November? Was there a long drink? Gone on vacation? Or did they receive a criminal order from Frunze not to interfere with the evacuation of the Wrangelites?

And in general, there was some fantastic action. Why in 1919-1920 the 1st and 2nd cavalry armies showed miracles of heroism and made deep raids behind enemy lines; until November 11, 1920, red military aircraft regularly bombed the Crimea; Red naval forces in the Caspian, near Odessa and Ochakov, as well as on the Sea of ​​Azov, delivered about 5 thousand mines, which blew up dozens of ships of the Whites and invaders.

COLLUSION

Obviously, there was a conspiracy between Frunze and the French command in the person of Admiral Carl Dumesnil. The French later claimed that Dumesnil threatened to bombard Sevastopol or other Black Sea ports. But in any case, French shelling could not inflict serious damage on the Reds. The shelling of cities would be the biggest ideological victory for the Bolsheviks, both in Russia and in Western Europe and the French government would be in serious trouble with its own people.

So, Frunze and his boss Trotsky made a criminal mistake. The destruction of Wrangel's army in the Crimea and the capture of at least half of the fleet would radically change the further course of history. It was possible not to send 2 million rubles to Mustafa Kemal. gold, and even more so not to give up the Kars region. England and France would lose their trump card - the 60,000-strong white army "in exile" and would soon normalize relations with Soviet Russia, etc. etc.

So, after breaking through the Perekop fortifications, the 1st and 2nd cavalry armies, which hardly participated in the battles, were put to rest. I read the memoirs of a combatant published in the 1920s. An orderly runs to Budyonny somewhere near Dzhankoy: “Simferopol is on the wire! - What, the whites are thinking of surrendering? - No, the Simferopol Revolutionary Committee asks where the 1st horse has gone?

During the rest of the Reds, the Wrangels broke away from them for two daytime marches. All, without exception, who participated in the battles, were loaded onto railway platforms and sent to the rear. Later, the Reds would capture five tanks in Feodosia and seven in Sevastopol, since the Whites did not know how to load tanks onto ships.

On November 10 (October 28) in Simferopol, a detachment of partisan A. Skripnichenko and the workers of the Anatra plant raised an uprising and seized power in the city. The Revolutionary Committee was immediately formed, headed by a member of the underground regional committee of the Bolsheviks, V.S. Vasiliev (subordinate to the commander of the Crimean Insurgent Army A.V. Mokrousov).

And only on November 13, at 18.00, units of the 2nd Cavalry Army entered Simferopol. The funny thing is that according to Frunze's plan, Simferopol was supposed to be taken by the 1st Cavalry. As a result, Semyon Budyonny with his advanced units came to Simferopol on November 15 (!) and was extremely indignant when he saw Mironov's 2nd cavalry army there. So, in the capital of Crimea, the Revolutionary Committee ruled for 3.5 days, then for two days - the Revolutionary Committee together with the command of the 2nd Cavalry. Until now, historians cannot understand what Semyon Mikhailovich did with his famous 1st Cavalry Army for 5.5 days (working week)?

“Just think, five days!” – the theorists sitting on a soft sofa chuckle. But let's look at the map of Crimea. From Dzhankoy to Simferopol 87 km! And for the Soviet cavalry, a forced day march of 100 km is not a problem. I'm not talking about the "Suvorov crossings", and not the cavalry, but the infantry.

A typical example. On October 20, 1942, near Stalingrad, the 4th Cavalry Corps was introduced into the breakthrough. During the day, he walked about 70 km over rough terrain. Moreover, with battles with German troops, and not pursuing the fleeing Wrangelites.

Well, in Sevastopol already on November 11 (October 29) panic began. Wrangel allegedly gave the order not to destroy. Whether there was such an order, but gentlemen officers ignored it, or is this another lie of the baron, I don’t know. In any case, the Whites' scorched-earth tactics continued. Railway stations were put out of action, arrows, echelons at full speed were driven into a dead end or dumped into the water. The latter took place in Sevastopol in Kilen Bay. By the way, in almost the same way, the Germans destroyed steam locomotives and wagons at the same place in April 1944.

November 13 (October 31) in the Sevastopol Bay, the French heavy cruiser Waldeck Rousseau and the destroyer stood up. On the same day, November 13, General Wrangel, High Commissioner Count de Martel and Admiral Dumesnil signed a convention according to which the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army "transfers his army, navy and his supporters under the protection of France, offering France as payment income from the sale of military and civilian fleet.

Ships are being loaded feverishly in the port. We have already loaded counterintelligence. Meanwhile, in the center of Sevastopol, 100 meters from the South Bay, in house number 2 on Pushkinskaya Street, communists, left SRs and anarchists of Sevastopol gathered. After a short discussion, the first Sevastopol Revolutionary Committee was elected, consisting of: Ivanov (chairman), Golubev (deputy), Kozlov, Knorus - all communists, Kozlov (left SR), Tverdunov (anarchist) and Kirlas (left SR).

And already on November 14, the first issue of the Bulletin of the Revolutionary Committee (edited by Novoretsky) was published. Only six issues of the newspaper were published.

At the same time, an order of the Revolutionary Committee No. 2 was issued on the appointment of the commandants of the Sevastopol fortress and the head of the garrison Sergei Knorus, the head of the city's security - Pivovarov.

Orders No. 3 and No. 5 requested merchants to open shops and shops and resume normal trade.

And where has our heroic baron been all this time? He sits on his suitcases at the Kist Hotel, literally 30 meters from the pier.

Only on November 14 at 2.50 pm. Baron Wrangel boarded the cruiser General Kornilov. The cruiser weighed anchors and left the Sevastopol Bay, escorted by the cruiser "Waldek Russo" and the destroyer "Alzhirets".

Well, the Red Army came to Sevastopol only on November 15th. It is curious that the first to enter the city was a large Garford armored car called the Antichrist.

Illiterate filmmakers lie. There were no battles for the city. This was acknowledged by Budyonny himself in his memoirs “The Path Traveled”: “Klement Efremovich and I went to Simferopol at dawn. They drove into the cities, Wrangel soldiers stand in espaliers on the streets. All are dressed in brand new English uniforms, with red bows on their chests ... From the railway station they contacted the Sevastopol Revolutionary Committee. We were informed that there were no ground enemy units in the city that had not laid down. All those who did not have time to board the ships surrendered to the Revolutionary Committee. There were about 10,000 prisoners."

Naturally, Budyonny, Voroshilov and Blucher would have preferred even a small skirmish with the whites to a solemn meeting. And the Sevastopol Revolutionary Committee is like an awl in a well-known place for them.

On the evening of November 3 (16), a joint meeting of the Revolutionary Military Council of the 1st and 2nd Cavalry Armies was held in the city, which was attended by the highest army ranks: Budyonny, Blucher and Voroshilov. After listening to the report of the Sevastopol Revolutionary Committee, they thanked its members for the work done and ... disbanded the Revolutionary Committee.

Power in Sevastopol passed to the military for five days, and then a new ideologically sustained revolutionary committee appeared, brought to the city because of Perekop in the wagon train of the 1st cavalry.

So, irrefutable facts testify that Frunze, contrary to Lenin's order, deliberately released Wrangel's army and navy from the Crimea intact. This caused enormous harm to the Soviet Republic. But this is a topic for a separate story.

But who was in charge of the deal between Frunze and Dumesnil? The commander was cunning and smart, but not a strategist, as Soviet historians described him. Well, Admiral Dumesnil is just a campaigner. Wrangel, on the other hand, was treated by both sides as a "dumbass".

But under Dumesnil, he was a translator, consultant, oh, I'm afraid to even say it, a puppeteer freemason Zinovy ​​Peshkov. Yes, yes, the brother of the late chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov, and the adopted son of the great proletarian writer Maxim Gorky (Peshkov).

Later, both French and Russian officers claimed that Dumesnil did everything that Zyama Peshkov told him. Moreover, the White Guards were offended that Peshkov personally carried out the selection of refugees - who to let on French ships, and who not.

I note that the captain of the French army Peshkov began his diplomatic career in Russia in the summer of 1917, when he was seconded by the French government to the Provisional Government. Then he was seconded to Kolchak. Almost all historians consider Zyama a high degree Freemason, and Sergo Beria and some historians of the special services claim that Peshkov was a deeply conspiratorial Soviet agent.

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