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Composition of the Navy of the United States of America. US Navy: organization and combat composition. Merchant and military fleet. Civil War

14.10.2020

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The navy is an effective geopolitical tool that allows the state to defend its interests far beyond its own borders in various parts of the globe. American Admiral Alfred Mahan wrote in his book "The Influence of Sea Power on History" that the naval forces (Navy) influence politics by the very fact of their existence. In the 19th century, the borders of the British Empire were determined by the sides of its warships; in the last century, the US Navy became the main hegemon of the oceans. A similar situation persists to this day, most likely that nothing will change in the coming decades.

The United States currently has the largest navy on the planet. The US Navy has the most aircraft-carrying ships, the Americans have the most powerful submarine fleet and aviation, and their naval bases are scattered all over the world. No country in the world can compare with the United States in terms of funding its naval forces. This is the main basis of this unprecedented power, other states simply cannot afford even a tenth of such expenses.

The navy and strategic forces are the basis of America's power, with the help of aircraft carriers, it solves its geopolitical issues around the world and, without hesitation, uses the Navy in colonial "showdowns".

Today, the United States has the most powerful scientific and technological potential on the planet, which also works for the Navy. The government of the country finances dozens of programs aimed at increasing the combat capabilities, combat capability and security of the fleet. New ships are launched every year, the fleet is equipped with the most modern views weapons and military equipment.

After the end of the Cold War, the US fleet underwent a certain reduction, but at the beginning of this century it began to grow again - both in quantity and quality.

History of the US Navy

The American navy is relatively young, its history began a little over two hundred years ago. In 1775, the Continental Congress decided to dispatch two small sailing ships to intercept English transports supplying British colonial troops on the American continent.

Over the next three years of the war, the Americans created a small flotilla, the main task of which was to "work" on the communications of the British. After the end of hostilities (in 1778), it was disbanded.

At the end of the 18th century, Algerian pirates attacking American merchant ships became a big problem. To combat this problem, Congress passed the Naval Act in 1794. Three years later, three frigates were launched, and in 1798 a separate ministry appeared, which took care of the affairs of the fleet.

The young fleet participated in several small campaigns, defended merchant ships from pirates, fought the British and caught slave traders. The US Navy participated in the war with Mexico, ensuring the landing of the US army on enemy territory.

During the Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865, most of the American fleet joined the northerners, which largely predetermined the future of the North. Warships carried out the blockade of the southern ports. For the first time, armored steam ships, which were called "monitors", participated in this conflict. In 1862, the first battle took place between such armored ships.

After the end of the Civil War, the American fleet again fell into decline, and this situation began to change only by the 90s. The United States rapidly increased its economic power and became the strongest state in the Western Hemisphere. To advance their interests, they needed an effective tool - a powerful navy.

In 1898, the Americans defeated the Spaniards off the Philippines, and at the beginning of the 20th century they adopted an ambitious program to build new warships. In 1917, the US Navy entered World War I. In addition to participating in battles, the US Navy provided the delivery of American troops to Europe.

At this time, the method of warfare at sea began to change rapidly: submarines and aircraft appeared, torpedo weapons were improved, and the first aircraft carriers were laid down. Mighty battleships gradually faded into the past, their place was taken by cruisers and destroyers.

In the Atlantic, the American fleet had to patrol convoys of transport ships and protect them from German submarines and aircraft, and in the Pacific, they had to conduct a classic naval campaign against a very strong Japanese fleet. The US Navy participated in virtually all Allied amphibious operations in Europe and North Africa.

Structure of the US Navy

The US Navy is one of the five branches of the country's armed forces. Their organizational structure has changed little over the two hundred years of existence.

The US Navy is divided into two structural units: the navy and the marines, each of which has current composition and reserve. At the same time, the Marine Corps (MP), although it usually operates together with the Navy, has its own command and structure. It is equated to a separate branch of the military, and its commander is a member of the committee of chiefs of staff.

There is also the Coast Guard (BOHR), which is part of the Department of Homeland Security, but in times of war or emergencies, it is reassigned to the leadership of the Navy.

There are several US Navy commands: US Fleet Forces Command (formerly Atlantic Fleet), Pacific Fleet, Naval Forces Europe, and Sealift Command.

Operationally, the US Navy is divided into six fleets: Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh.

Operational fleets are formed by combat and auxiliary ships and personnel on a rotational basis. The average rotation period is six months.

The command of the forces of the fleet (we will call it the Atlantic Fleet) forms the following fleets:

  • Second Fleet. Deployed in the northern part of the Atlantic;
  • Fourth Fleet. Expanding to the south Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean;
  • Sixth Fleet. Its location is the Mediterranean Sea.

The Pacific Fleet Command forms the following operational fleets:

  • The third. Place of deployment - central and eastern part Pacific Ocean;
  • Fifth Fleet. Deployed in the Indian Ocean;
  • Seventh Fleet. Western Pacific.

Usually ships (including combat ones) are divided approximately equally between the Pacific and Atlantic fleets, but in recent times more combat units are received by the Pacific Fleet (60%). There is also the Tenth Fleet, which deals with issues of cyber warfare and defense against attacks in virtual space. It does not include ships or bases.

The US Department of the Navy is the supreme body of the US Navy. It deals with the whole range of issues related to daily activities, supply, mobilization and demobilization, preparation and equipment of the fleet. In addition, the ministry is developing programs for the development of the navy, is engaged in the repair and modernization of ships, weapons and coastal facilities. In fact, the ministry is the main administrative body of the US Navy.

The functions and structure of the US Department of the Navy have remained unchanged almost since its inception.

The main body that deals with the direct (operational) command of the US Navy is the Naval Headquarters. His boss is the de facto commander of the US Navy. It is he who is responsible for the resources allocated to him (material and human). The Chief of Naval Staff is the President's adviser on the use of naval forces.

The Naval Headquarters includes several departments, as well as four inter-naval and ten coastal commands.

Combat strength of the US Navy

Today, the US Navy is the largest in the world. At the beginning of 2013, it included 597 ships of various types and classes:

  • 11 nuclear aircraft carriers;
  • 22 cruisers;
  • 62 destroyers;
  • 17 frigates;
  • 3 corvettes;
  • 14 nuclear missile submarines;
  • 58 multipurpose submarines;
  • 1 first class frigate;
  • 14 landing ships;
  • 17 helicopter carriers;
  • 12 minesweepers.

To give an idea of ​​the strength and size of the US Navy, the following fact can be cited. In 2009, the total displacement of the US Navy was thirteen times greater than the total displacement of all other navies following it in the ranking.

In 2001, it was adopted new program development of the US Navy - "Sea Power-21". According to this program, the structure of the fleet and marines will be significantly strengthened in the coming decades. The number of strike groups will be increased from 19 to 36. By 2020, the US Navy will have 313 warships. The priority areas of this program are:

  • maintaining the number of aircraft carrier air groups at the level of eleven units;
  • increase in the number of ships in the coastal zone;
  • construction of cruisers and destroyers of new types;
  • construction of landing ships of new modifications.

US Navy Submarine Fleet

The Navy is responsible for one of the components of the nuclear triad - ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs). Today, the US Navy has 14 Ohio-class submarines, each carrying 24 Trident-2 missiles with eight warheads each. The submarines are equally divided between the Pacific and Atlantic fleets. Of the fourteen submarine missile carriers, two are constantly under maintenance, and ten are on combat duty.

Under the START-1 treaty, four more such submarines were re-equipped for Tomahawk cruise missiles. Two submarines are in the Pacific Fleet and two are in service with the Atlantic.

The United States leads in the number of multi-purpose submarines, the US Navy has 53 of them. The most advanced of them are the MPLATRK of the Sea Wolf type, but there are only 3 of them. The program for the construction of these submarines was frozen due to the extremely high price of these ships. It was originally planned to build 32 pieces. Instead of these ships, Virginia-class submarines are currently being built. Their characteristics are somewhat more modest than those of Sea Wolf, but they are also much cheaper. The Americans plan to build up to forty Virginia-class submarines.

Most of the American multi-purpose submarines are Los Angeles-class submarines. They are considered obsolete, they are gradually written off.

All American MPLATRKs can fire Harpoon anti-ship missiles and Tomahawk missiles from torpedo tubes.

US Navy Carrier Group

The real pride and symbol of the power of the American fleet are nuclear aircraft carriers. Today, the US Navy operates 11 Nimitz-class aircraft carriers. Five of them are in service with the Pacific Fleet, and six with the Atlantic. In 2013, the aircraft carrier Gerald R. Ford was introduced into the Pacific Fleet, belonging to a new class of aircraft carriers.

This aircraft carrier has a more advanced power plant, a smaller crew is needed for its maintenance, the steam catapult has been replaced with an electromagnetic one. Compared to its predecessors, the Ford will cost US taxpayers less to run. It is planned to build three such ships.

Several more aircraft carriers are on conservation.

Aircraft carriers are the core of the carrier strike groups (ACGs), which, in turn, are the main strike component of each of the operational fleets of the US Navy. One aircraft carrier is always under scheduled maintenance.

Each aircraft carrier has an air wing. It consists of several squadrons of fighter-attack aviation (from two to four), as well as AWACS (E-2C), electronic warfare and maritime control aircraft. Also, anti-submarine and attack helicopters are based on the aircraft carrier.

On an aircraft carrier, as a rule, there are from 70 to 80 aircraft. Most of these aircraft and helicopters belong to the air forces of the respective fleets, but some aircraft is under the control of the Marine Corps.

As a rule, four AUGs are at the sea at the same time: two on each of the fleets. However, it also happens that there is only one such compound in the sea.

Until the mid-80s of the last century, most US Navy ships (destroyers, cruisers, frigates) performed an auxiliary role in protecting the aircraft carrier as part of the AUG, but then the situation changed somewhat. The Aegis control system was adopted, which significantly increased the combat role of destroyers, cruisers and frigates. "Aegis" allows you to detect and destroy (in the air, on land and at sea) various targets at long distances. The ships received the Mk41 vertical launch installation (VLR), which has 32 or 64 cells for accommodating anti-aircraft (Standard), cruise (Tomahawk) or anti-submarine (Asrok) missiles.

After that, cruisers and destroyers got the opportunity not only to launch missile strikes on land with the help of Tomahawks, but also to cover (air defense and missile defense) land and ship groups. If earlier the main strike means of the US Navy were combat aircraft from aircraft carriers, now both a cruiser and a destroyer can deliver a massive strike against an enemy grouping.

The US Navy currently has 22 Tyconderoga-class cruisers, twelve of which are in the Pacific Fleet and ten in the Atlantic. Each such cruiser is equipped with the Aegis system and two Mk41 installations with 61 missile cells each.

A few years ago, the construction of cruisers of the new project CG (X) began, which, according to the plan of the American naval commanders, should replace the Tyconderoga. However, it is not known whether funding will be provided for this project.

The main ship of the US surface fleet is the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer. Today, the US Navy has 62 such ships, the last of which was put into service in 2012. 27 destroyers are in the Atlantic Fleet, 35 in the Pacific. The program for the construction of these ships is still far from complete; in total, they plan to launch 75-100 destroyers. Each of these ships has an Aegis system, an Mk41 launcher and can carry about 90 missiles. 22 destroyers have the Aegis system capable of performing missile defense missions.

A program is underway to build a new destroyer, the Zumwalt, which has a very futuristic appearance due to the use of stealth technologies. Zumwalts have very high combat and technical characteristics, but this project has received a lot of criticism due to its high cost. It was originally planned to build 32 such ships, but so far only three are planned to be built.

The Zumwalt destroyers differ not only in their appearance, these ships also plan to install new weapons systems operating on innovative physical principles, in particular the railgun. That is why destroyers are equipped with a very powerful (for ships of this class) power plant. Each destroyer has an Mk41 launcher and is capable of carrying up to 80 missiles.

Frigates in the US Navy are represented by ships of the Oliver Perry class. Many experts call this ship the most unsuccessful of the post-war period. Now 15 such ships are in service, 16 more are in reserve. These frigates are likely to be withdrawn from the fleet in the coming years.

Today, corvettes are the most common warships in all the navies of the world - but not in the US. Their development and construction began only in this century. These are ships capable of operating effectively in the coastal zone. Today, two corvette projects are being implemented in the United States: Freedom and Independence. Two ships "Freedom" and one "Independence" were built. The American military leadership cannot yet make a choice in favor of one of them.

It is planned to build 55 ships, but most likely, this program will be curtailed - the ships are very expensive.

America currently has the most powerful landing craft fleet in the world. The US Navy has several types of landing craft. The largest are universal landing ships, there are also helicopter landing ships and landing transport docks.

US Navy minesweepers are represented by Avenger-class ships. All of them are based in the Pacific Ocean.

United States Navy Aviation

One of the main strike forces of the American Navy is aviation. In addition to fighter-assault functions, it also performs many others.

Naval aviation has a very complex command and control structure. It consists of two groups: fleet aviation and marine corps aviation.

Some of the US Navy aircraft are located at the Davis-Monthan storage base.

The main combat aircraft of the US Navy and Marine Corps is the F/A-18 Hornet. Its latest modifications (E and F) are very high performance, this is practically a new aircraft ("Super Hornet"), and the early series machines (A, B, C) are gradually being transferred to Davis-Monthan. Today, about 1,000 F / A-18 aircraft are in service with the Navy Aviation, and another hundred are stored in Davis-Montana.

The second largest aircraft is the AV-8 Harrier. This British aircraft is manufactured under license in the US and is used by the Marine Corps. The Americans have somewhat upgraded this machine, today the US Navy has 138 Harrier units.

In the future, the Harriers are planning to replace the fifth-generation F-35 aircraft, but so far this program is far behind schedule. ILC delivered 27 F-35В, fleet aviation - only six F-35C.

The most modern American anti-submarine aircraft is the P-8A Poseidon, while 19 of them have been put into service. In the future, they will completely replace the legendary Orions. In total, it is planned to build 117 Poseidons.

The main electronic warfare aircraft is the EA-18G. Today, hundreds of such aircraft are in service, their number will increase to 117 units.

The main carrier-based AWACS aircraft is the E-2C Hawkeye, there are 61 such machines in stock.

The US Navy is armed with the MV-22V Osprey tiltrotor, which can land on the deck of an aircraft carrier. This machine is a kind of hybrid of an airplane and a helicopter, it can take off vertically and fly at the speed of an airplane. Now in service are 184 tiltrotor.

Also in service with the fleet are AN-1W / Z Cobra helicopters, several hundred H-60 ​​Black Hawk helicopters, more than two hundred H-53 transport helicopters, including 56 minesweeper helicopters.

The Marine Corps is organized into four divisions, two for each fleet. The marines are armed with 447 Abrams tanks, more than 4 thousand infantry fighting vehicles, 1.5 thousand guns, MLRS, anti-tank systems, air defense systems. The ILC is superior in power to most modern European armies.

Video about the US Navy's 6th Fleet

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.

There is no reason for scientific analysis here. The Russian Navy and the US Navy exist separately from each other, in different time periods. Just like the fleets of the First and Second World Wars.

Statistical methods do not work. With a multiple quantitative gap, it makes no sense to consider the average age of the ship composition. As well as determining the% ratio of new and old ships. In reality, these % will be expressed as a different number of ships for each of the fleets. Too different to be taken seriously.

The phenomenon of "average temperature"

It is enough to exclude “obsolete equipment” (ships built before 2001) from the calculations, and the unexpected will turn out. Over the first 15 years of the new century, American shipyards handed over 36 destroyers to the fleet (including the experimental Zamwalt and the berk-shaped Finn - not yet officially accepted into the Navy, but already launched and put to the test).

No less serious results were shown by the General Dynamics Electric Boat shipyard. During the specified period of time, 12 Virginia-class multi-purpose nuclear submarines and one Carter nuclear submarine for special operations (Sivulf class) were put into operation.

Among the major players are two nuclear aircraft carriers, Reagan and George W. Bush. Another (“Ford”), recognized as the largest warship in history, was launched in 2013, this fall it will join the Navy.

PCU (pre-commission unit - an object under completion) John Finn. It will take a couple more months for the PCU code to change to USS (United States Ship).

From other aircraft carriers, the following were built:
- a helicopter carrier with the unexpected name "America" ​​(an air wing of 30 helicopters, "Harriers" and F-35s).
- two universal landing ships of the Wasp class (Iwo Jima and Makin Island, each twice as large as the Mistral);
- Expeditionary floating base-helicopter carrier "Puller" (78 thousand tons).

From the exotic - the naval radar base of the missile defense system, which received the designation SBX.

The next item is six high-speed coastal combat ships (LCS), duplicating the tasks of guards, minesweepers and submarine hunters.

From other large units: 11 landing ships of the San Antonio type and two sea terminals for over-the-horizon landing of armored vehicles: Glenn and Montford Point.

In total - a "brigade" of seventy ships of the oceanic zone with an average age of less than ten years. Here you have all the statistics.

Without taking into account the "obsolete" ships built in the period of the 1980-90s. The oldest operating ship remains the Nimitz (1975). However, age is not so terrible for aircraft carriers. Their main weapon is constantly evolving. Over the past 40 years, three generations of naval aviation have changed on the deck of the Nimitz (“Phantom” - F-14 - “superhornet”).

And again about the Russian threat

In reality, everything is somewhat different than on a beautiful trailer of the Russian fleet. The successes of domestic shipbuilders, as expected, turned out to be much more modest.

Over the past 15 years Russian fleet received the Gepard multi-purpose nuclear submarine (project 971), the Severodvinsk multi-purpose nuclear-powered icebreaker (project 885) and three Borey-class strategic missile submarines.

Four diesel-electric boats pr. 636.3 (modernized "Varshavyanka"). Thirty years ago, such “black holes” posed a deadly threat, however, at the beginning of the 21st century, the balance of power has changed somewhat. The boats do not have enough anaerobic SU, without which they cannot survive in the conditions of modern PLO (they are forced to surface every 3-4 days instead of two to three weeks with their foreign counterparts).

Of the surface units - five frigates ("Gorshkov", "Kasatonov", "Grigorovich", "Essen", "Makarov"). Four of them have not yet been officially commissioned, but we can confidently speak of them as built ships. The main front of work was left behind; three frigates have already entered the stage of mooring trials and GSI.

Corvette, destroyer and frigate.
If you wish, you can add seven more corvettes, pr. 20380 and 11611, to this list. It makes no sense to talk about smaller units - MAK and MRK.

What is a corvette or small rocket ship?

On the night of October 7, 2015, a grouping of ships of the Caspian flotilla, consisting of the missile ship Dagestan and three small missile ships of project 21631, launched a group of 26 3M14 Caliber-NK missiles at Islamic State facilities in Syria.

The volley of small ships of the Caspian flotilla is equal to half the volley of the destroyer "Arleigh Burke" (96 silos). Further comments are superfluous.

Unlike ships of smaller classes, the destroyer is still capable of hitting ballistic missile warheads and shooting down satellites in low Earth orbits. Apart from large hydroacoustic stations, helicopters and other military equipment on board.

In this sense, the combat value of the "babies" is greatly exaggerated. Has anyone seriously decided to equate RTOs with destroyers? Well, statistics will endure everything.

They do not like to remember the technical factor at all. The harsh truth is that the Russian Navy, like other fleets of the world, in principle, lacks the equipment available to American sailors.

Naval anti-missile defense base, submarine rocket launchers carrying 150 Tomahawks in their ridges, a missile and artillery destroyer and a six-megawatt Aegis radar ...

At one time, trying to stay at the peak of progress, the USSR generated many fresh and unique counter-solutions (super-heavy anti-ship missiles, titanium submarines, the Legend space intelligence system). The modern Navy is forced to be content with only those of the available technologies, the implementation of which does not require large expenditures. The result is what you would expect.

The fleet is not only ships. This, to a large extent, is naval aviation.

The potential of the naval aviation of the Russian Navy has undoubtedly increased with the start of deliveries of carrier-based MiG-29K fighters (4 units) and coastal-based Su-30SM fighters (8 units for the aviation of the Black Sea Fleet).

On the other side of the scale are the five hundred F/E-18E and 18F Super Hornets placed on the decks of American aircraft carriers since the beginning of the new century.

Among other foreign innovations is the creation of the Triton patrol drone (the Global Hawk UAV modified for maritime tasks). A 15-ton vehicle with a 40-meter wing and an all-round radar capable of surveying up to 7 million square meters per day. kilometers of ocean surface. In addition to the radar with active phased array, the drone's toolkit includes electronic intelligence equipment and a set of optical sensors with a laser rangefinder for visual target recognition. The latest history of the fleet.

Epilogue. "Elephant and pug"?

The favorite pastime of our “couch experts” is a deliberately meaningless comparison of the potentials of the Russian and US fleets. It makes no more sense than the mention of "diapers" and regular articles about the concern of the American command in connection with the "growing lag in the field of naval weapons from Russia and China." The accumulated potential is so great that American admirals may “not go up to the bridge” until the middle of the century.

Unlike them, it is contraindicated for us to relax. The above statistics clearly show how effectively the rearmament of the Russian Navy is proceeding. And how much remains to be done to reach, if not on an equal footing (which is impossible for economic or geopolitical reasons), then at an adequate level in comparison with the “probable adversary”. Moreover, immediately declaring such an armada as your enemy is unnecessarily reckless. It is better to do everything so that the US Navy remains an ally, or at least a neutral.

Otherwise, why rush into a battle that cannot be won?

"Bound in one chain": BOD "Admiral Panteleev" and the destroyer "Lassen". Refueling on the move at sea

However ... The quantitative and qualitative level of the Russian and US Navy is such that they are less likely to engage in battle with each other than the ships of the period of the First and Second World Wars.

Of the positive aspects, it is worth recognizing that the current situation is not new and has its own logical explanation of a geographical nature. The history of the Anglo-Saxons is inextricably linked with the sea. We are completely different.

Hand on heart - what serious military consequences did Tsushima have? Did the Japanese reach Moscow? No, that's the whole answer. Just like the loss of part of Sevastopol during the Crimean War and its re-occupation during the Second World War. All these were completely insignificant, minor troubles for a huge land power.

Captain 1st Rank S. Mishin

The Operational Fleet (OF) is the highest operational formation of the US Navy, which includes operational formations of the branches of the naval forces, and is designed to solve problems of an operational or strategic scale independently and in cooperation with formations and formations of other types of the Armed Forces.

The US Navy has six operational fleets. Their headquarters are subordinate to the respective unified commands (JC) of the Armed Forces, which have geographical areas. The exception is the 10th operational fleet (cyber fleet), which is a coastal operational formation whose area of ​​​​responsibility extends to the whole world.
The composition of the operational fleets is not constant; it is formed from combat-ready forces and assets allocated (as a rule, for combat service in forward zones) from the uniform forces of the Atlantic and Pacific fleets.

Each OF is assigned its own serial number (3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- and 10th). Hot links are also assigned a specific group of numbers (two digits). The first digit indicates belonging to the fleet, and the second - the serial number of the connection. In turn, operational formations are divided into operational groups, detachments and elements. Such a system of designations facilitates the management of forces through communication channels, without overloading them with unnecessary information about the individual names of ships, military units and subunits. The designation of the operational element looks like this: 35.4.3.1 - the 1st operational element of the 3rd operational detachment of the 4th operational group of the 35th operational formation, which is part of the 3rd OP of the US Navy.

The US Navy has the following operational fleets:
3 OF in terms of operational organization, it is subordinate to the OK of the US Armed Forces in the Pacific Ocean. This association was formed in March 1943 to conduct combat operations in the Pacific theater of war. In its current form, the OF has existed since February 1975. Its operational zone includes the eastern and central Pacific Oceans.

The Commander of the 3rd Fleet is directly subordinate to the Commander of the Pacific Fleet of the US Navy in terms of administrative organization. Its shore headquarters is at Naval Base San Diego, California.

If necessary, the forces and means of the 3rd Fleet can be transferred to the operational formations of the 7th Fleet, leading fighting in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, as well as in the 5th Fleet, deployed in the zone of the joint central command (JCC) of the US Armed Forces.

At present, the 3rd Division does not have a headquarters ship, so the fleet headquarters (if necessary) is located on one of the universal landing ships.

In peacetime, the fleet headquarters is responsible for the implementation of the full cycle of combat training of subordinate operational formations of heterogeneous forces for combat service in forward zones, as well as maintaining them in a given degree of combat readiness. The 3 OF includes nine operational units:
- 30 OS (CTF-30) - dissimilar forces;
- 31 OS (CTF-31) - operational management of fleet forces. This operational formation includes the 11th operational group (CTG-31.11) - the forces and means of the command of maritime transport in the Pacific Ocean;
- 32 OS (CTF-32) - base patrol and reconnaissance aviation forces of the 3rd fleet;
- 33 OS (CTF-33) - mobile logistics forces of the 3rd fleet (ships special purpose fleet and auxiliary ships of the Marine Corps, as well as auxiliary aviation from the air forces of the Pacific Fleet). OS 33 includes the 3rd Operational Group (CTG-33.3) - Mobile Logistics Forces in the Central Pacific;
- 34 OS (CTF-34) - submarine and anti-submarine forces;
- 35 OS (CTF-35) - surface forces;
- 36 OS (CTF-36) - amphibious forces;
- 37 OS (CTF-37) - aircraft carrier strike forces;
- 39 OS (CTF-39) - amphibious landing forces.

In a threatened period and wartime, 38 OS (CTF-38) can be formed - the Canadian Navy in the Pacific. This connection retains the national command, but will act according to a single plan and plan with the command of the Pacific Fleet.

4 OF in terms of operational organization, it is subordinate to the OK of the US Armed Forces in the zone of the Central and South America. This fleet was formed on July 1, 2008 in Mayport, Florida, to conduct combat operations in the operational zone of this aircraft OK, being its naval component.

Prior to this, the 4th Fleet existed from March 1943 to February 1950. During World War II, his main task was to fight German submarines. He was also engaged in the search and destruction of German raiders on communications in the South Atlantic.

The commander of the Naval Forces in the zone of Central and South America also combines the post of commander of the 4th OF. Accordingly, the headquarters of this command is also the coastal headquarters of the 4th fleet.

As part of 4 OF, up to eight operational connections can be created:
- 40 OS (CTF-40) - surface forces. This formation includes surface ships operating on a rotational basis in the operating area of ​​the 4th Fleet. The 40th OS coastal command post is the headquarters of the 40th destroyer squadron in the Mayport PB (Florida). Since November 2008, the 9th Operational Group 40 OS (CTG-40.9) was formed at this base point - training personnel of the Armed Forces of the countries of the region on patrol service in order to ensure the safety of coastal navigation, port infrastructure, as well as search and rescue on water;
- 43 OS (CTF-43) - logistic support forces;
- 47 OS (CTF-47) - forces to counter terrorist threats and illegal drug trafficking in the Caribbean. For the stable management of the forces and means of connection on the Hato Air Base (Curaçao Island, Netherlands Antilles), an advance group of the headquarters of the 47th OS operates;
- 48 OS (CTF-48) - permanent readiness forces in the Caribbean. AT different time the connection carried out a naval blockade of Cuba, participated in anti-submarine operations. Since the early 1980s, its main task has been to combat drug trafficking, smuggling and illegal migration;
-134 OS (CTF-134) - Naval Command in the Caribbean. This connection is formed during a threatened period;
- 138 OS (CTF-138) - Naval Command in the South Atlantic. The formation is formed during a threatened period, as well as during combat training activities such as "Unitas" and "Panamax";
- 141 OS (CTF-141) - Air Force;
- 183 OS (CTF-183) - forces evacuated under the threat of hurricanes. The connection was formed in September 2008. Its headquarters is responsible for the timely preparation of ships, vessels and fleet aviation based in the waters of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and in the PB in the state of Florida, for evacuation in case hurricanes approach the fleet bases. The Compound Control Center is deployed annually during the hurricane season (June 1 to November 30) and works closely with Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command Headquarters. The 183 OS includes the 2nd Task Force (CTF-183.2) - forces evacuated from the Mayport PB under the threat of hurricanes and natural disasters.

5 OF in terms of operational organization, it is subordinate to the US Armed Forces Central Committee. This OF was formed on July 1, 1995 with a coastal headquarters in the PB Manama (Bahrain) to conduct combat operations in the operational zone of the OCC.
Prior to this, 5 OF existed from April 1944 to December 1945 and fought in the Central and Western Pacific.
The operational zone of the 5th fleet includes the waters of the northern and northwestern parts of the Indian Ocean, including the Red and Arabian Seas, the Persian, Oman and Gulfs of Aden, which until 1995 were part of the operational zone of the 7th fleet.
5 OF is the naval component of the U.S. CCC. Its commander simultaneously leads the US Navy in the BCC zone.
The Fleet Headquarters is responsible for organizing the conduct of combat operations in its operational zone by all operational formations detached from the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets to carry out combat service in a given region, as well as for all types of their combat support. Currently, 11 operational formations operate on a permanent basis as part of 5 OFs:
- 50 OS (CTF-50) - expeditionary forces. The basis of the connection is an aircraft carrier strike group deployed in the BCC zone on a rotational basis;
- 51 OS (CTF-51) - rapid reaction forces;
- 52 OS (CTF-52) - mine-sweeping forces. The connection was formed in November 2010 on the basis of the 5th squadron of mine-sweeping ships;
- 53 OS (CTF-53) - logistic support forces (special purpose ships and auxiliary ships of the fleet and marines of the US Navy, as well as auxiliary aviation from the air forces of the Atlantic and Pacific fleets);
- 54 OS (CTF-54) - submarine forces. This formation is led by the commander of the 7th group of the General Staff, he also heads the 74 OS of the 7th fleet (CTF-74);
- 55 OS (CTF-55) - surface forces. The formation was formed on the basis of the 50th destroyer squadron. It consists of: BOHR patrol boats (six units) and Navy (10 units);
- 56 OS (CTF-56) - providing expeditionary forces. The formation includes subdivisions for the disposal of ammunition, the fight against terrorism, the protection of the water area, as well as engineering and construction units;
- 57 OS (CTF-57) - base patrol and reconnaissance aviation forces;
- 59 OS (CTF-59) - amphibious forces (ADG in combat service in the operating zone of the fleet);
- 518 OS (CTF-518) - humanitarian aid and disaster relief forces.

In addition, in 2003, during the period of preparation for the military operation against Iraq, a number of operational formations were formed as part of the 5th operational fleet, which include:
- 561 OS (CTF-561) - special operations forces of the 5th fleet. This connection was abolished (tentatively at the beginning of 2009);
- 150 OS (CTF-150) - naval blockade forces. The main task of the connection was to conduct operations to suppress the smuggling of weapons in the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea.

After the completion of the active phase of the military operation in Iraq, as well as in connection with the expansion of the number of countries participating in the coalition, the headquarters of the coalition naval command (Combined Forces Maritime Component Command) was formed on the basis of the headquarters of the 150th task force of the 5th fleet. As part of it, four coalition operational formations were created, the main task of which is to protect commercial shipping, oil terminals and platforms in the waters of the Persian Gulf, mine action in the coastal waters of the northern part of the Gulf, to prevent the penetration of foreign mercenary fighters into Iraq, as well as the maritime transport of any types of military smuggling and drug trafficking. They included:
- 150th coalition OS (CCTF-150). Area of ​​responsibility - the northwestern part of the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman and the Gulf of Aden, as well as the Red Sea;
-151st Coalition OS (CCTF-151) - Multinational Anti-Piracy Force. The area of ​​​​responsibility of the connection is the Gulf of Aden, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe waters of the western part of the Indian Ocean off the coast of Somalia. It was formed on 8 January 2009 in response to a sharp increase in piracy attacks against civilian ships in the Horn of Africa;
- The 152nd coalition OS (CCTF-152) operates in the central and southern parts of the Persian Gulf.
- 158th coalition OS (CCTF-158), performing tasks in the northern part of the Persian Gulf. The main task of this connection is to ensure the safety of oil-producing offshore platforms and loading terminals for supertankers.

6 OF on the operational line, it is subordinate to the headquarters (PB Naples, Italy) of the OK of the US Armed Forces in the European zone and the OK of the American Armed Forces in the African zone. It was formed on January 20, 1967 to conduct combat operations in the Mediterranean and Black Seas, which at that time limited its operational zone. Since November 2008, it has been expanded to include the area of ​​responsibility of the US Armed Forces OK in the African zone.

The Commander of the 6th OP is directly subordinate to the Commander of the Naval Forces in the European and African zones. Thus, the operational zone of this fleet covers the waters of the Northern Arctic Ocean, the central and eastern parts of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean and Black Sea, as well as the waters washing the southwestern part of Africa.

In September 2005, the organizational and staffing structure of the 6th Fleet underwent changes, the main content of which was the unification of the headquarters of the command of the Navy in the European zone and 6 OF. The commander of the 6th Fleet concurrently became the deputy commander of the US Navy in the European zone. In this regard, at present it does not have its own onshore headquarters. During the war or during the period of exercises, the headquarters of the command of the Naval Forces in the European and African zones allocates to the commander 6 OF personnel to form a marching headquarters on board the Mount Whitney HQ, which is based in the PB Gaeta (Italy). Currently, the 6th Fleet includes 11 operational formations:
- 60 OS (CTF-60) - heterogeneous this. The basis of the formation is the ships and auxiliary vessels of the US Navy, which are in combat service in the area of ​​responsibility of the 6th OF the US Navy;
- 61 OS (CTF-61) - aircraft carrier forces;
- 62 OS (CTF-62) - amphibious forces. Formed on the basis of the ADG, which is in combat service in the zone of responsibility of the 6th Fleet;
- 63 OS (CTF-63) - mobile logistic support forces (special purpose ships and auxiliary ships of the fleet and marines, as well as military transport aviation from the fleet aviation reserve command). The shore headquarters of the formation is located in the Napoli PB. It is led by the head of the MP department in the European and African zones;
- 64 OS (CTF-64) - missile defense forces. The connection was formed on October 1, 2015. The headquarters is in PB Naples. Both surface ships capable of solving missile defense tasks and Aegis Ashore complexes in Romania and Poland are subordinate to him;
- 65 OS (CTF-65) - surface forces. The formation solves the tasks of protecting maritime communications, combating terrorism and piracy, strengthening and supporting permanent NATO formations. The command is entrusted to the commander of the 60th destroyer squadron;
- 66 OS (CTF-66) - Marine Expeditionary Force. The formation is formed on the basis of the expeditionary battalion of the Marine Corps, located in the area of ​​​​responsibility of the 6th OF in combat service;
- 67 OS (CTF-67) - anti-submarine forces. The unit includes reconnaissance and base patrol aircraft deployed in the area of ​​responsibility of the 6th OF. The headquarters is located on AvB Sigonela (Sicily, Italy);
- 68 OS (CTF-68) - support for the expeditionary forces (engineering and construction units and security units for naval ships based in the European and African zones). The headquarters of the formation is stationed at AvB Rota (Spain);
- 69 OS (CTF-69) - submarine and anti-submarine forces. The formation is led by the commander of the 8th submarine group, whose ships form the basis of this formation;
- 164 OS (CTF-164) - SSBNs in the zone of the 6th fleet. The headquarters of the compound is located in the PB Naples (Italy).

7 OF on the operational line, it is subordinate to the headquarters of the joint command of the US Armed Forces in the Pacific Ocean. If necessary, the fleet headquarters allocates forces to conduct combat operations in the US Armed Forces Central Committee zone (5 OF).

This operational fleet was formed in February 1943 to conduct combat operations in the Western Pacific. It has existed in its current form since August 1, 1970. At present, its operational zone includes water areas in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, as well as the Indian Ocean - up to the borders of the zone of responsibility of the 5th and 6th operational fleets.

The Commander of the 7th Fleet is directly subordinate to the Commander of the Pacific Fleet of the US Navy. Its shore headquarters is located in Yokosuka PB (Japan).

The fleet headquarters is responsible for organizing combat service and combat operations in its operational zone by the forces of the operational formations of the Navy, allocated from the Pacific Fleet, as well as for all types of their combat support.

Currently, the 7 OF includes nine operational formations:
- 70 OS (CTF-70) - dissimilar forces. The basis of the connection is 5 OUT and ships of the 15th destroyer squadron. Commands 70 OS commander 5 OUT. In addition, in December 2014, on the basis of this squadron, the 15th operational group of 70 OS (CTG-70.15) - surface ships was formed. The formation is led by the commander of the 15th destroyer squadron;
- 71 OS (CTF-71) - special operations forces. Operates on the basis of the 1st forward detachment of special forces, designed for operations in the Asia-Pacific region. The detachment is based in the naval base Guam (Marian Islands, USA);
- 72 OS (CTF-72) - base patrol and reconnaissance aviation forces. The headquarters of the compound is located at Misawa Air Force Base (Japan);
-73 OS (CTF-73) - mobile logistics support forces (special purpose ships of the fleet and auxiliary ships of the Marine Corps). The formation is supervised (concurrently) by the commander of the group of support ships in the ZCHTO (PB Sembawang, Singapore). He also commands the Singapore Naval Area and 712 OS (CTF-712) - the US Navy forces in Singapore;
- 74 OS (CTF-74) - submarine forces. The formation is led by the commander of the 7th group of the General Staff, he also (concurrently) heads the 54 OS (CTF-54) of the 5th fleet.
- 75 OS (CTF-75) - providing expeditionary forces;
- 76 OS (CTF-76) - amphibious forces (ships of the expeditionary strike group);
- 78 OS (CTF-78) - US Navy in the Republic of Korea;
- 79 OS (CTF-79) - amphibious landing forces.

10 OF subordinated to the headquarters of the command of combat operations of the US Armed Forces in cyberspace. It was formed on January 29, 2010. The headquarters of the fleet is located in Fort Meade, Maryland.
The Commander of the 10th OP also leads the Naval Warfare Command in Cyberspace (concurrently). Administratively, he reports to the Chief of Staff of the US Navy. Thus, the fleet is a coastal operational group acting in the interests of other operational fleets and naval commands in geographical areas. His area of ​​​​responsibility is cyberspace 10 OF is responsible for the conduct of hostilities in it and strategic electronic intelligence.

It consists of ten operational units:
- 1000 OS (CTF-1000) - cryptography and decryption. The unit is headquartered at Fort Meade. It is the main cipher organ of the Navy. The formation includes up to 10 operational groups, located, as a rule, at the centers and detachments of the RER of the national naval forces;
- 1010 OS (CTF-1010) - operations in telecommunication networks. This connection was created at the joint base of Little Creek - Fort Story (Virginia). It consists of three operational groups located at the Atlantic and Pacific zonal computer communications centers in Naval Base Norfolk (Virginia) and in and. Wahiawa (Oahu, Hawaii), respectively, as well as at the Naval Spacecraft Control Center at AVB Point Mugu (California);
-1020 OC (CTF-1020) - protection of communication networks from cyber threats. A unit has been deployed at the Joint Base Little Creek - Fort Story. It consists of two operational groups, one of which is responsible for the security of naval communication lines, and the second for planning and conducting information operations.
- 1030 OS (CTF-1030) - fighting in cyberspace. Forces and means of connection are located in MB Norfolk on the basis of the information operations and RER "Norfolk". The formation consists of three operational groups - headquarters, and two combat operations in cyberspace.
- 1040 OS (CTF-1040) - information operations and RER "Texas" is stationed at AVB Lackland (Texas);
- 1050 OS (CTF-1050) - information operations and RER "Georgia". The connection includes two operational groups - headquarters and RER "Bahrain", located in the Bahrain (Manama) PB;
- 1060 OS (CTF-1060) - information operations and RER "Maryland" is deployed in Fort Meade (Maryland). The compound includes two operational groups - headquarters and RER "Digby" in n. P. Digby (Lincolnshire, UK);
- 1070 OS (CTF-1070) - information operations and RER "Hawaii" in Scofield-Barrex (Hawaii). It consists of three task forces, two of which are stationed in the Japanese islands;
- 1080 OS (CTF-1080) - information operations and RER "Colorado". Stationed at AVB Buckley (Colorado). The compound includes one operational group;
- 1090 OS (CTF-1090) - experimental and research forces of the 10th fleet. This connection was formed on the basis of the group for the development of new methods of warfare in cyberspace located in the city of Suitland (Maryland).

The US Navy is the only branch of the armed forces that, in everyday conditions, on a permanent basis, has large strike groups of forces (troops) deployed in forward zones and in high levels of combat readiness, which is fully facilitated by the organization of operational fleets. Structurally, they are powerful operational associations of heterogeneous forces, including all components of the national Navy, which are the most important instrument of political, military and economic influence of the United States throughout the entire water area of ​​the World Ocean.

Long-term practice of using operational fleets has shown their high efficiency, especially in matters of prompt response to crisis situations.

This publication is the first (not counting the "premature" ones in the Russian Navy and the PLA Navy) from the conceived project of comparing the world's navies in order to determine the real place of the Russian Federation among the 10 leading maritime powers - an emotionless comparison, in numbers, divided into two stages. At the first stage, it is supposed to compare quantitative, "mass size", and age characteristics, as well as the capabilities of military shipbuilding - respectively, in terms of total number, total and average total displacement (since the values ​​​​of standard and normal are quite rare), the average service life of 01/01/2016 and medium duration construction). It is too early to talk about the second stage.

The presented statistical study takes into account everything that is called capital ships - warships of the main classes, plus landing and so-called littoral ships (which the author is inclined to consider corvettes), i.e. that component of the Navy that is capable of projecting power to remote regions of the world. At the same time, the US Navy is probably the only navy on the planet in which almost the entire ship composition falls under this definition, with the exception of Avenger-class minesweepers.

Ships under construction (not handed over to the fleet before 01/01/2016) are included in the initial data reference- they are not taken into account either in the total number of ships, or in the total displacement. Ship names are given in Russian transcription, in most cases checked for compliance with traditional spellings geographical names, names and surnames of people in whose honor the name was given.

10 statistical observations:

1) a colossal total displacement (about three million tons) - in four times greater than that of the closest competitors (Russian Navy and PLA Navy - );

2) about 30% total displacement falls on aircraft carriers, about half- on aircraft carriers, UDC and DVKD (which in the first case constitute - 5% , in the second - about 15% ship composition);

3) large average displacement ( 15 500 t), corresponding heavy cruiser(for the Russian Navy - a destroyer, for the PLA Navy - a frigate), which allows us to speak of the US Navy as a "fleet of large ships";

4) a fairly modest share of new ships (commissioned during the last 10 years) - 21,5-23,5% (for the Russian Navy - order 10-12,5% - ), which, most likely, is close to the "norm" for the share of new equipment (with the exception of some types of weapons) in any fleet that has been steadily developing and functioning for a long time);

5) not too strong (not "forever") separation from the Russian Navy in terms of the average age of the ship's composition ( 19 against 25 years), which indicates both the difficulties of its more frequent renewal, and a well-developed ship repair capable of maintaining in proper technical condition a large number of far from new ships;

6) the minimum gap (essentially - parity) with the Russian Navy in terms of the average age of multi-purpose nuclear submarines, including SSGN/APKR ( 22,3 against 22,9 years - these figures are not explicitly in the tables), with "only" double ( 2,2 ) superiority in numbers ( 57 against 26 ) - provided that our program for the restoration of the nuclear submarine fleet is fully implemented;

7) significant (almost double) separation from the Russian Navy in terms of the average age of ships of the "destroyer" class (including BOD) - the workhorses of the ocean fleet ( 14,3 against 26,2 years) with overwhelming (almost sixfold) numerical superiority ( 62 against 11 );

8) questionable construction time for "small" littoral ships (moreover, increasing from lead to serial, and not vice versa), exceeding those for cruisers, destroyers and nuclear submarines;

9) envy and respect for the average construction time of multi-purpose nuclear submarines and destroyers ( 3,65 and 2,77 year, respectively) - a benchmark to which one should strive;

10) the backlog of the USSR from the USA in terms of the average duration of the construction of warships of the main classes (including SSBNs / SSBNs) was only three months with a quarter ( 3,91 against 3,64 year or 6,9 %) is a potential that needs to be restored at least in the medium term.

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