It turns out that more than 70% of Russians remember school as the most carefree and happiest time of their lives. At least that's what sociologists say. It is especially pleasant to remember your senior classes, when cramming is already giving way to some freedom, and the words of teachers are beginning to be perceived with a fair amount of skepticism.

Today's students are unaware of how the environment around them has changed. school world. We also had knapsacks made of fragrant oilcloth leatherette and simple notebooks without drawings. But these notebooks were with blotting papers - always scribbled, from which airplanes with excellent flight qualities were obtained. A chewed blotter could be spit at classmates through a straw. And what a joy the scented erasers were when they hit the market! They were tasted because they smelled like strawberries and chewing gum. And forever gone slide rules! And milk cakes for 8 kopecks in the canteen! ..

The only thing that has not changed is the eternal school pearls that all new generations of students, and sometimes teachers, utter. "MIR 24" has collected for you a portion of wonderful school sayings so that you can immerse yourself in the atmosphere of your school memories.

Duplo, bublo and puplo

At a lesson in natural history, the boy diligently displays in a notebook: "Northern Poisonous Ocean." And he discusses with a neighbor on the desk: “What do you think, is it because he is so cold, he was called poisonous?”

At a meeting of second-graders with a veteran: “And so, about a year in 1953, I was sent to serve near Chita. By the way, the Decembrists were exiled to those places.” From class: "Wow! Were they there at the time?"

In the 3rd grade, the teacher wrote the word "hollow" on the blackboard to learn its spelling. Then she began to dictate a dictation. Result per class: doublo, bublo and puplo.

Mom, at school they told us to go to the doctor, I forgot, it seems, the stop-gazer (it turned out that it was an orthopedist).

The history teacher, who reviewed the essay of the tenth grader before passing, found an error: “Imotions”. And he explains intelligibly: “Look, it’s written “emotion”, but “impotence”, remember this test word! ..”.

A first grader walks home next to his mother and very excitedly says: “Mom, we were given notebooks at school - about writing. Is it possible to give such notebooks to children?

A poem at a reading lesson in the third grade: “Where the Serb walked and the tone fell ...” (“Where the sickle walked and the ear fell”)

In the first grade, the teacher talks about the Baptism of Russia. The boy from the second desk raises his hand: “Was that before the dinosaurs, or after?”

Tragic tenor and educational program for a writer

When a new NVP teacher came to the school, he shocked everyone. His name was Pyotr Ilyich Mankovsky, and he was a military musician! For the marching song, he chose three boys to be the lead singers. And he began to determine their type of voice: “Here you are, for example, a tragic tenor!”. “Why am I tragic, do you want to cry from me?”

In the senior class, one girl has the surname Keda, the other has the Shovel. A new teacher came, young and nervous. He forced everyone to line up and ordered the duty officer to submit a report in accordance with the form. Unfortunately, the shovel was on duty. She said honestly and under general laughter: "The report was handed over by the duty Shovel." He freaked out, kicked her out, deciding that he was being bullied. And at random he chose, to the general joy, Kedu ...

From homework: "The girl read the book to the roots of her hair" and "The boy blushed from cover to cover."

Eighth grade, presentation of a literary work, the hero and heroine of which meet and talk about life until morning. Bottom line: "In just one night, they managed to become family people."

In the 80s, a letter was issued by the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, which listed a list of groups banned from listening to discos. Almost all popular rock bands got there. The dubious honor of conveying this information to us fell to the teacher of the Russian language. But since in English he did not know, but read as he saw, then after the name "A Tse - De Tse" the nervously giggling class could not stand it. “Hey CDC!” someone groaned, and until the end of the lesson, the teacher was told how wonderful the listed rock bands were. Reading the letter turned into an educational program about modern rock music. The teacher listened with interest...

Play Hormone!

Literature lesson, grade 9. The teacher, a rather tough charismatic lady, asks the question: “What do you think Pushkin was thinking about when he wrote this poem”? Denis, almost an excellent student: “You know, Saida Mamedovna, Pushkin always thought about sex, and this time was no exception.”

Teacher of basic military training: “At the command“ Equal! the fighter must see the chest of the fourth person from him in the ranks! The upperclassmen begin to giggle as the boys and girls line up in a jumble. Military instructor: "And there is nothing to have fun, there are no women and men in the ranks, but there are people with honor and without! ..".

In an economic geography class, the teacher mentioned the word "Kohinoor". There was an immediate chuckle in the class: at that time, this name among high school students was associated only with Indian condoms that were on sale. The geographer turned and said: “This is, by the way, one of the most famous historical diamonds! And you have one “hee-hee” on your mind!” Since then, the famous diamond for life has acquired a certain erotic coloring for the whole class.

There is a biology lesson in the 6th grade. The nerd is young, inexperienced, afraid of everything, lists the forms and structure of the leaves. Shamefully, with the fear that everyone will laugh, dictates: "Petiole, vaginal ...". There is silence in the class, everyone writes, one girl asks again, repeats syllable by syllable, everything is serious, everything is fine. The teacher breathes a sigh of relief and dictates other forms. But it was not there! After the ovoid, almost all the boys in the class begin to giggle loudly.

A literature teacher parses Vladimir Mayakovsky's poems about a Russian passport in the senior class. And suddenly one of the young men, after the famous words “I take out a priceless load from wide trousers with a duplicate”, asks (according to the teacher, without any second thought): “Excuse me, but what, did he have a priceless load left in his pants?”.

From writings:

"There's a Buka Gay Palace in London."

"Man is the measure of all things."

"Donke Hod Servanta".

“Akhmatova did not fall face down in the dirt without going abroad.”

In music lessons:

Bean Dying (Containing Valkyrie Droppings)

“Sing from the pelvis” (it turned out to be Scriabin, “The Poem of Ecstasy”)

And two romances: the chemical “Slowly Open the Window” and the gastronomic “Open the Gate Slowly”.

Happy Knowledge Day to all of us!

A wide variety of animals live in the ocean. According to the calculations of special expeditions, today, about 85 thousand different organisms live in the ocean. And many of them pose a huge danger to humans. Let's get acquainted with the most dangerous of them.

Zebra fish. Lionfish

This fish is found in the Red Sea and predominantly in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It can be found off the coast of China, Japan or Australia. Her body is 30-40 centimeters long. It has light pink stripes on the body.

The decoration of this fish is considered to be long ribbons of fins. Inside these very fins are poisonous needles. When this needle is pricked, the person immediately loses consciousness and is in deep shock. There is an opinion that this fish is capable of killing a person, but not a single case has been recorded.

When poison enters the human body, convulsions begin, disruption of the heart, and there is a danger of developing gangrene. The process of poisoning and the time after it is considered very difficult.

Cone. conical snail

This mollusk lives mainly in warm waters. It has a special poisonous gland, which consists of toxic substances. When you touch it, a spike occurs, and a person loses consciousness from acute pain. This makes it difficult to breathe and work the heart muscle.

Of the three thorn stings of this mollusk, one is considered fatal. But this mollusk also benefits a person; medicines are produced based on its poison.

This jellyfish is considered the largest in the world. Lives in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Its diameter is about 75 centimeters. In her body there are tentacles, upon contact with which, poison enters the victim's body.

This poison is capable of killing small animals, but also causes significant damage and pain shock to larger animals.

Scorpion, or sea ruff

This fish lives in Atlantic Ocean. He spends most of his life in various thickets, and during the hunt, hiding, lies at the bottom. When the prey approaches, the sea urchin sharply attacks the victim, and swallows it together with water.

The bites of this fish are very painful for humans. There is severe pain and an infection enters the body.

It can be found off the coast of northern Australia and in Indonesia. Her entire body is covered with special cells, due to which she inflicts severe burns upon contact with them. Burns cause severe pain, and their power can kill up to 60 people in three minutes. Due to frequent deaths, it is considered the most dangerous jellyfish in the world.

Puffer fish, puffer fish, ball fish, dog fish

Yes, this fish has many names and is considered very poisonous. When a danger arises, it has a characteristic feature to increase three times. This fish got its nicknames because of the special structure of its body, namely the teeth.

While searching for food, she splits the shells of shrimp and crabs and feeds on them. Her gland contains a lethal dose of poison. This fish is eaten, but liver and caviar cannot be eaten. Despite the high qualifications of the cooks, up to 100 deaths occur per year due to poisoning with this delicacy. Why a delicacy? Because one serving of this fish in a restaurant costs about $1,000.

Warty. stone fish

This is the most dangerous of all known poisonous fish. Its length is about 40 centimeters. It lives near the coast, it is very similar to an ordinary stone. Produces poison and injects it into the victim. Upon contact with it, a person immediately loses consciousness, as his nerve endings are affected. When poison enters the vessels, the death of a person occurs in three minutes.

blue ringed octopus

This octopus is small in size and lives in the Pacific Ocean. It has a very modest size, its weight is only 100 grams. When he feels danger, the whole is covered with spots that have a bluish tint.

It has a deadly poison in its gland - a neurotoxin. It acts on the nervous and muscular systems, and causes inevitable paralysis. On the this moment there is only one way to save a person from a bite, this is to immediately give artificial respiration.

There are about 900 species of sea urchins in the world, which have a variety of spines in their bodies that help with movement and help with protection. They live in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Their needles are poisonous. When such a needle enters the human body, severe inflammation occurs. No deaths have been recorded.

Every year in the world there are accidents with tourists on vacation. Misconduct on the water, abuse alcoholic drinks, ignorance of elementary safety standards leads to disastrous consequences.

Exotic holidays are also popular with Russian tourists, where you can get acquainted with the diverse fauna of the warm seas. For example, in Egypt, as an excursion, it was proposed to go scuba diving in the open sea, where vacationers could take pictures of beautiful fish and touch them with their hands. However, no one warned that almost half of them are poisonous and pose a danger to humans up to death.

Due to the deterioration of the ecological situation around the world, large predators in search of prey migrate to places that are unusual for their habitat, swim close to the coast. For example, in 2011, a record number of shark attacks on people around the world were recorded. In Primorye, where sharks have never swam to the shore before and did not show aggression, there have been several such cases. Also in 2015, sharks attacked tourists at the most popular resorts in Egypt. Therefore, before going on a sea vacation, it is important to know the simple safety rules when swimming in the sea.

Basic safety rules at sea

Before going on a sea holiday, study the inhabitants that pose a danger to humans.
While in the water, do not touch the marine life with your hands.
Do not swim in the sea at night or at dawn, or alone.
Avoid swimming in poor visibility and murky water.
Carefully look under your feet when entering the sea.
Wear special shoes near coral reefs.
It is not recommended to swim during a strong wind and after a storm, as many jellyfish wash ashore.
Choose low-key swimwear and swim trunks to avoid attracting the attention of sharks and other dangerous fish.
Do not swim further than 10 meters from the shore.
Pay attention to the badges and flags on the beach. The color of the flag can signal danger.

Let us analyze in more detail the main marine inhabitants that pose a danger to humans.

Jellyfish

Jellyfish have special stinging cells with poison on their bodies, which can cause severe burn. As a rule, they are in a fringe that hangs under the dome. Many jellyfish living in the Russian seas are absolutely harmless, and touching them will hardly cause a burn.

Very often you can observe how children play with jellyfish, throw them at each other. However, among a large number of harmless jellyfish, a dangerous jellyfish that accidentally swam after a strong wind or storm can be caught. Therefore, it is worthwhile to prepare your family members in advance for the fact that you cannot take jellyfish in your hands.

Jellyfish habitat: warm waters of the Mediterranean, Aegean, Black, Caspian, Azov, Red Seas, Indian Ocean, Amur Bay (Vladivostok).

Especially dangerous jellyfish:

Tunisia (Mediterranean Sea) - black jellyfish, Canary Islands - Portuguese boat

The coast of the Black, Caspian and Azov seas - jellyfish cornerot

Precautionary measures:

plan ahead and choose safe seasons (for example, during the rainy season in Asian countries, the number of jellyfish near the coast increases, August and September is the season of jellyfish in Tunisia),
do not swim in the sea immediately after the storm, do not touch the jellyfish with your hands.

In case of defeat:

do not wash the wound (burn site) with sea or fresh water - this can lead to an even greater spread of poison.
It is necessary to lubricate the skin with vinegar solution or alcohol, remove the remnants of the jellyfish from the skin, treat the wound with a wound healing ointment, and also take antihistamines.

sea urchins

Sea urchins can be found in the warm sea on a sandy bottom, on stones, sheer cliffs in the sea or on coral reefs. They often form large concentrations on sloping rocky surfaces near the shore, can be found on metal stairs when descending into the water, grow on piers and bridges. Unlike other inhabitants of the sea, hedgehog needles do not contain poison. However, his injection is very painful and can take quite a long time. There is also a high risk of wound suppuration or tightening with the remaining needles inside.

Sea urchin habitat: warm waters of the Mediterranean, Aegean, Red Seas, Amur Bay (Vladivostok), Indian Ocean.

Particularly dangerous:

Sea urchin diadem , upon contact with which paralysis may occur.

Precautionary measures:

be careful when entering the water, where there are accumulations of stones,
Do not swim in muddy water or at night.

In case of defeat:

If the needle sea urchin hit the leg, you need to contact a medical facility as soon as possible.
If this is not nearby, then you can try to remove the needle yourself, after holding the affected area in hot water and treated with alcohol.
In Greece, the spines of a sea urchin are pulled out as follows: they lubricate the wound olive oil and squeeze out the spines.

Octopuses

The word "octopus" or "octopus" has been a metaphor for almost 200 years, denoting something dangerous and frightening. In fiction, cases of attacks by huge three-meter octopuses on people have been described at times. In fact, there are only a few really confirmed such cases.

The huge octopuses described in the novels of Victor Hugo live at great depths and do not attack people themselves, but rather hide from them. Meetings with such octopuses of divers in the holds of sunken ships or in underwater caves are known. Therefore, if you decide to scuba dive, avoid such places.

Small octopuses that live in the Red or Mediterranean Sea, as well as in the Indian Ocean, are dangerous only if you take a marine animal in your hands. The octopus has jaws similar to the beak of a parrot, which, when bitten, release poison that can cause paralysis and suffocation.

Octopus Habitat: Mediterranean, Aegean, Red Sea, Amur Bay (Vladivostok), Indian Ocean.

Particularly dangerous:

blue ringed octopus - lives in Japan and Australia and causes severe paralysis of the whole body.

Precautionary measures:

do not pick up octopuses,
do not swim in underwater caves and grottoes.
If you are scuba diving, then be sure to have a sharp knife with you so that in case of an attack by an octopus, you can cut its dexterous tentacles.

In case of defeat: since the bite of an octopus can cause paralysis and suffocation, you need to urgently call for help and call an ambulance. Experienced fishermen recommend urinating on the site of the bite, so the poison can be neutralized.

sharks

Until recently, the Russian seas were considered practically safe in terms of the likelihood of shark attacks on people. However, in 2011, white sharks began to attack divers near Vladivostok, 10 meters from the shore. In 2016, as well as in May 2017, sharks dangerous to humans were also seen in these areas.

Shark Habitat: The Black, Azov and Caspian Seas are considered the safest due to desalinated water and pollution. Mediterranean Sea(resorts of Greece, Turkey, Italy, Croatia, Cyprus, France) - over the past 100 years, 21 fatal attacks have been recorded. The most likely inhabitants are the tiger shark, mako shark, hammerhead shark and gray reef shark.

Red Sea (Egypt, Israel): about 30 species of sharks live, some of them come close to the shore. Attacks by especially dangerous white and tiger sharks are possible.

Indian Ocean: most of the attacks were registered near the coast of Australia and Africa, South Africa (Cosi Bay). Dangerous to humans like gray, tiger and great white sharks live here.

Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean: beaches near California, Florida and Hawaii are considered the most dangerous with the largest number sharks

Particularly dangerous:

Big White shark (cannibal shark) - one of the large and dangerous predators, reaches five meters in length. It lives in all seas and oceans, including Primorye and Sakhalin.

Mako shark (grey-blue shark) - the fastest and most aggressive shark in the world. It lives in almost all seas, including the eastern region of our country in the summer (with the exception of the Black, Azov and Caspian). Numerous cases of attacks by this shark on people standing on the shore or on the pier have been recorded.

Blue shark (blue shark) - Few cases of attacks on people are known. It lives in all seas and oceans, including Kamchatka.

Tiger shark - one of the most dangerous species of sharks for humans. In 2011, 169 cases of attacks by this shark on people were registered, 29 of which were fatal. It lives in tropical and subtropical waters (Red Sea, India, Australia, North and South America).

Precautionary measures: The main reason for shark attacks on people is the shark's poor eyesight, it mistakes a floundering person for a fish. Often vacationers themselves provoke a shark and swim closer to it. For tourists, they even came up with such dangerous entertainment as swimming with sharks. Those who choose this way of “resting” forget that sharks are predators, and they can react to bright swimwear, jewelry, as well as fresh wounds or cuts on the body, as they can feel blood at great distances.

Do not swim alone, especially near fish schools, fur seals, dolphins. Sharks love loners and most often attack solo divers. For security purposes, modern repellers and repellents have been created as a means of protection against sharks.

In case of meeting and defeat:

If you are swimming and see a shark in the water, do not tease it, but catch a wave and try to get ashore.
Sharks even attack a person in a boat (for example, mako shark), so if you are in a boat and a shark swims at you with the intention of attacking, you need to hit it with an oar on the nose and immediately swim to the shore. This will scare away the shark and buy time.
Try to overcome panic and fear: the shark feels fear, this can provoke an attack.
When meeting with a shark, you need to swim away slowly, slowly and without floundering in the water, but you should not pretend to be dead, since this method does not work with sharks.
Just because a shark just swims by doesn't mean it wants to attack.
A possible attack by a shark is indicated by the fact that it went straight towards you or describes circles around you.
As a rule, the shark attacks in one sharp movement, at this moment you can strike back at its nose, eyes and gills.
The blows must be applied quickly and many times, everything that is in the hands will come in handy. For example, a camera, a mask, fins, a stick, a stone.
If there is a large stone nearby, you can snuggle up to it. So you reduce the angle of attack of the shark.
If the shark attacked and swam away, then you need to call for help as soon as possible and get ashore - the predator can return.

Sea fish

The most dangerous and poisonous marine fish live in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, where tourists are offered to go scuba diving and watch the beautiful underwater world. However, it is worth remembering that no matter how beautiful the fish are, you cannot touch them.

The most dangerous and poisonous fish of the seas and oceans

Spiny arotron (relative of the deadly Fugue fish) - secretes a powerful poison — tetrodotoxin, can cause death. Lives in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean.

Lionfish (Lionfish) — This beautiful fish has needles in its fins that emit poison that causes severe pain and paralysis, which can cause death. Found in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean.

Arabian surgeon - in this fish, the tail-thorn contains a dangerous poison, very painful. Lives in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean.

Stone fish (wartfish) — the poison secreted by its thorns is very dangerous, causes unbearable pain, leads to paralysis, tissue death and, if deeply penetrated, can cause death. Lives in the Red and Mediterranean seas.

Scorpion, sea ruff - pricks of a sea ruff cause very strong pain. It lives in the waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

Stingray - a stingray thorn that can be stepped on contains poison. A thorn prick is extremely painful and dangerous, it can even cause death. It lives in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as in the Black and Azov.

Dangerous inhabitants of the seas and oceans

sea name	Jellyfish	sea urchins	Octopus	sharks	Dangerous sea fish
Black(Resorts Krasnodar Territory, Ukraine, Crimea, Abkhazia, Georgia, Bulgaria, Turkey)
Azov(Russia, Ukraine, Crimea
Caspian(Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Dagestan)
Amur Bay(Primorye, Vladivostok)
Aegean(Greece, Turkey)
mediterranean(Greece, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Malta, Morocco, Egypt, Monaco, Tunisia, Turkey, France, Croatia, Montenegro)
Red(Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia)
Indian Ocean(India, Sri Lanka, Australia, Indonesia, Africa, Madagascar Seychelles, Maldives, Mauritius Thailand)

Covering our planet by 70%, the sea is home to some of the most unusual, mysterious and deadly animals on the planet. Since humans are not born or live in the ocean, this makes us easy prey for many of these creatures, though fortunately we are not part of their main menu...

Since a man who has spent too much time floating on the surface of the sea, he often tried to get closer and know what is hidden below the sea level. Luckily, the statistic isn't as scary and it seems to be quite rare for a person to be eaten alive in open ocean. However, do not think that the waters of the ocean are so friendly to us, we should always be on our guard.

When selecting the most dangerous sea creatures in the world, we will take into account the statistics of attacks, the potential for killing and aggression of these animals. This list contains a huge number of species from tropical jellyfish to killers of the Arctic.

10. Sea urchin

A photo. Toxopneustes (lat. Toxopneustes pileolus), sea urchin

Many of you have met sea urchins in your life, and some of you have known how sharp their spines are and how painful it is to feel them in your skin. However, the toxopneustes (Latin: Toxopneustes pileolus) thrives when it comes to defensive tactics. It is described in the Guinness Book of Records as "the most dangerous sea urchin in the world", this is one of the representatives of echinoderms that you definitely should not step on.

What makes this sea urchin so dangerous is its powerful venom that it is equipped with. This venom contains at least two dangerous toxins: contractin A, a neurotoxin that causes smooth muscle spasms, and peditoxin, a protein toxin that can cause convulsions, anaphylactic shock, and death. The venom enters through the pedicellaria, the flower-like structures that give this hedgehog its name. Once skin contact has occurred, pedicellariae often continue to pump venom into the prey. Obviously, the size of these pedicellaria is directly related to the effectiveness of the poison.

Toxopneustes is responsible for many of the deaths that have happened to people over the years. A hedgehog sting is very painful, resulting in paralysis, breathing problems and disorientation, all of which can contribute to drowning a person. As for pain, here is a bite story recorded by a Japanese marine biologist in the 1930s:

“Then 7 or 8 pedicellariae stuck tightly into the inside of the middle finger right hand, separated from the stalk, they remained on the skin of my finger. I instantly felt intense pain, reminiscent of the pain caused by cnidoplast coelenterates, and I felt as if the toxin was beginning to move quickly through the blood vessel from the stung area to my heart. After some time, I experienced difficulty breathing, slight dizziness, paralysis of the lips, tongue and eyelids, relaxation of the muscles in the limbs, it is unlikely that in this state I could speak or control my facial expression, I almost felt as if I was about to die. .

9. Barracuda

A photo. Large barracuda (lat. Sphyraena barracuda)

The photo above should be enough to understand why the barracuda made it to our list. Reaching up to 1.8 m (6 ft) in length and armed with terrifying, massive, super-sharp teeth, the torpedo-shaped barracuda is more than capable of inflicting serious injury on humans. In fact, there are 22 species of barracuda, but only the Greater Barracuda (lat. Sphyraena barracuda) is known to attack humans.

The barracuda's diet consists mainly of small to medium sized fish. She uses her lightning speed and ambush tactics to catch her. In many recorded attacks on people, people had shiny objects such as jewelry and even diving knives. Apparently the barracuda is attracted to this, confuses them with fish and strikes.

Such attacks can result in deep cuts, often resulting in nerve and tendon damage or, in the worst case, rupture. blood vessels. These wounds may require hundreds of stitches.

On rare occasions, barracudas have been known to jump out of the water, resulting in serious injury to people in the boat. In one recent case in Florida in 2015, a female canoeist was injured and really had to fight for her life after suffering several broken ribs and a punctured lung during a barracuda attack.

If, however, this information does not convince you that barracuda should be on this list, then there is one more thing. Barracudas have a final argument: their flesh sometimes contains ciguatoxin, which can cause severe symptoms that last for months.

8. Textile cone

A photo. textile cone

Cones have been a favorite with collectors for centuries for their shells, but don't be fooled by their beauty. appearance, these clams are killers! Equipped with tiny harpoons fashioned from modified teeth, these creatures can fire a hollow harpoon filled with deadly neurotoxins in any direction. The harpoon of some large types of cones is very large and strong enough to not only pierce human flesh, but also gloves and even a wetsuit.

One drop of the cone's venom is enough to kill 20 people, making it one of the most venomous creatures on earth. Known as a conotoxin, the poison can only affect certain types of nerves very strongly. Medically, a cone sting usually causes intense localized pain with life-threatening symptoms that does not go away for several days. On the other hand, from the moment this mollusk stings you, paralysis of the respiratory system and subsequent death can occur very quickly. In fact, one type of cone is very well known as the "cigarette snail" all because you don't even have time to smoke a cigarette before you die!

Despite being a deadly poison, cones are responsible for only a handful of deaths over the years, which is why they come in at number 8 on our list.

7. Leopard seal

A photo. Sea leopard

The leopard seal (lat. Hydrurga leptonyx) is actually named after its spotted coat, although this may explain its fierce nature. At the top of the Antarctic food chain, this leopard is one of the largest seals in southern waters. Reaching up to 4 m (13 ft) in length and weighing up to 600 kg (1,320 lb), the leopard seal is a formidable predator. In addition to its size and speed, these seals are also armed with a huge mouth (big enough to fit your head!), studded with large, pointed teeth, making it look more like a reptile than a seal.

The leopard seal's menu includes other seal species, seabirds, penguins and fish, although they are also known for sifting krill and small crustaceans. These seals usually hunt from ambush, just below the level of the ice, when seals or penguins jump into the water, it is at this moment that they pounce on their prey.

Given that the leopard seal is found only in the cold waters of the distant southern oceans, they do not often come into contact with humans at all. However, due to the fact that the sea leopard has already killed people, this makes it very terrible in our eyes.

Back in 1914, during the expedition of Ernest Shackleton, it was necessary to shoot a leopard seal as it was chasing crew member Thomas Ord-Lees. At first, the seal pursued Ord-Fox on the ice, after which it plunged under the ice cover and followed him from below. After the leopard seal jumped ahead of the Ord Fox, another member of the team managed to kill him.

In 2003, a British scientist was less fortunate. Kirsty Brown, a 28-year-old marine biologist working with the British Antarctic Survey, was snorkeling off the Antarctic Peninsula when she was attacked by a large leopard seal. The seal dragged the woman deep into the water, where she suffocated.

While there are many stories of leopard seals harassing people in boats, this incident is the first recorded death.

6. Wart

A photo. warty

This grumpy-looking comrade doesn't seem too happy to be the most venomous fish on the planet. Armed with 13 needle-like sharp spikes running along its back, the stone fish blends in perfectly with the surrounding background, it just waits for the unfortunate person to step on it. Another feature of the wart that is always worth mentioning is that it is able to survive outside the sea for up to 24 hours. It is really very hard to notice on the seabed. The neurotoxic venom of the wart is not only dangerous, but also incredibly painful. In fact, the sting of this fish is reportedly so excruciating that the victims asked to have their limbs cut off. The quote below clearly shows how painful it is:

“In Australia, I got a prick in my finger from a rockfish… not to mention bee venom. ... Imagine that every wrist, knuckle, elbow and shoulder was hit by a sledgehammer for about an hour. About an hour later, you were allegedly kicked in both kidneys for about 45 minutes, so much so that you could not just stand or straighten up. I was in my early 20s, physically fit, and still have a small scar. In the next few days, my finger remained pain, but also had intermittent pains in the kidneys for several years thereafter.”

Video. What is dangerous wart

For obvious reasons, many people received a wart injection in the leg. Although such incidents may simply redefine pain, they nevertheless led to great trouble. Such venom injections are potentially fatal, causing respiratory paralysis and possibly heart failure. In severe cases, urgent medical attention is required and the victim must be treated with an antidote. In fact, it is the second most commonly administered antidote in Australia and has resulted in no one dying from a wart sting there for almost 100 years.

5. Blue-ringed octopus

A photo. blue ringed octopus

Instantly recognizable by their iridescent blue rings, these small octopuses spend much of their time hiding in crevices or camouflaging themselves in the coral reefs of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

Only when they feel threatened do blue ringed octopuses really live up to their name and show their true colors. At that moment, his skin becomes a bright yellow, and the blue rings are even brighter, they almost shimmer. This beautiful display can also be a warning as it is one of the most dangerous animals in the ocean.

What makes this octopus especially dangerous is its venom. Not all octopuses have venom, but the blue-ringed octopus is in the big leagues. Known as TDT (tetrodotoxin), it is an incredibly potent neurotoxin, similar to the one found in poison dart frogs and wart frogs. It is about 1200 times stronger than cyanide, one small sting can be enough to kill you. In fact, as many victims claim, they did not even feel the injection itself.

An average sample weighing about 30 grams is reported to contain enough poison to kill more than 10 adults.

Video. What is dangerous blue-ringed octopus

There is no effective antidote for blue-ringed octopus venom, its neurotoxin aims to paralyze the victim. In effect, it is similar to medical curare, which is used to immobilize patients during surgery; under its influence, a person is not able to speak and move. The main danger is that it paralyzes the lungs, causing the victim to suffocate. In severe cases, prompt treatment is essential, and this involves putting the victim on life support until the effect of the poison wears off and breathing is restored.

4. Box jellyfish

A photo. sea wasp

There are many types of box jellyfish that get their name from their cuboid bodies. Many box jellyfish are especially poisonous, like the large sea wasp (lat. Chironex fleckeri), it has the strongest poison. Found along the northern coasts of Australia and tropical Southeast Asia, the sea wasp is often regarded as the "world's deadliest jellyfish", having killed more than 60 people in Australia alone. Apparently, in other regions of the world, the death toll is much higher, especially where antivenom is not always available.

The venom of the sea wasp is second in strength among all creatures on Earth, more poisonous only in the geographic cone. Calculations show that each animal contains enough venom to kill 60 adult humans and very few animals can kill so quickly. In extreme cases, death occurs from cardiac arrest, known to take less than five minutes after a person has been stung. The bite itself causes excruciating pain along with a burning sensation that is similar to the touch of a hot iron. The good news is that, contrary to popular belief, urinating on the bite will not cause any noticeable effect! In most cases, the tentacles remain on the victim's body, and they are able to continue to sting even after you have left the sea, which often results in scarring.

Video. Box jellyfish - Sea wasp

But there are also tiny jellyfish, the Irukandji. They are widespread and this small jellyfish has a strong venom that can lead to Irukandji syndrome, which gradually appears after the sting itself. The bite of the Irukandji is also reported to be potentially fatal, as well as incredibly painful. One of the victims said that it was even worse than childbirth and more intense.

3. Sea snakes

A photo. Sea snake

There are many species of sea snakes that mainly inhabit the tropical waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They are believed to have evolved from land snakes in Australia and adapted to life in shallow coastal waters by developing an enormous left lung and stretching out in length. They are closely related to terrestrial cobras and kraits, which is a little surprising since many sea snakes are highly venomous. What is actually surprising is that their venom is much stronger than that of their terrestrial relatives. The reason for being so venomous is that they eat fish, which means that they must immobilize their prey as quickly as possible to prevent it from escaping and being injured.

Apparently, most of you have heard that despite their deadly venom, sea snakes are harmless because they have tiny mouths. This is complete nonsense! Real sea snakes have small fangs and don't have huge mouths, however they are capable of swallowing fish whole and can easily bite a person, even through a wetsuit.

There are actually two reasons why sea snakes are considered far less dangerous than land snakes: First, they tend to be shy and much less aggressive. In addition, they tend to make a "dry" bite, i.e. poison is not injected. It is very unlikely that poison can be injected into a person and the good news is that there are certain antidotes.

Of all the species of sea snakes, there are two that deserve mention. Nosed enhydrina (lat. Enhydrina schistosa) is one of the most poisonous snakes on earth. Its poison is almost 8 times stronger than that of a cobra, one drop is enough to kill three people. It is also considered more aggressive than most other sea snakes. Nosed Enhydrin venom contains both neurotoxins and myotoxins, while the former will kill you through respiratory paralysis, the latter will begin to split muscles, causing excruciating pain.

Despite these signs, there have been a few known deaths that this snake is responsible for, but it is more common in deeper waters. Most of the bites were given to fishermen while checking their nets.

The second sea snake worthy of mention is the Belcher sea snake (lat. Hydrophis belcheri), which is why it is often referred to as the snake with the most potent venom. It is often claimed that its venom is 100 times stronger than even that of the inland taipan. This is a bit of an exaggeration, but the poison is definitely like that of the taipan. The good news is that Belcher's sea snake is often described as having a "friendly" personality!

2. Salted crocodile

A photo. combed crocodile

Saltwater or saltwater crocodile is no stranger to the pages of In Animal Jaws. This animal is deadly both on land and water, and this crocodile is the largest reptile to have come down to us since the dinosaurs. The largest specimens that have been recorded and described have been around 7 meters (25 feet) long and weigh about 2 tons, although in the 1950s one crocodile measured 8.5 meters (30 feet) in length and was allegedly caught around city of Darwin in Australia.

Along with his size, he also has incredible strength, the saltwater crocodile has the most powerful bite on Earth, 10 times stronger than that of a great white shark. They are also fast swimmers in water, reaching speeds of up to 27 km/h (18 mph). On land, they are not as fast, but urban legends assure us that they are capable of explosive action, they are allegedly faster than you can react.

Although most people associate the saltwater crocodile with Australia, it is widespread and wreaks havoc elsewhere. Saltwater crocodile can be found throughout Southeast Asia and even as far west as India. These crocodiles are also known to be able to swim long distances alone and have been seen as far away as Fijah and New Caledonia.

Australia has an average of two fatal attacks by saltwater crocodiles per year. In other places, the number of attacks is difficult to estimate, but studies show that there are many more, up to 30 per year.

Perhaps the most infamous attack by combed crocodiles occurred on Ramri Island (Myanmar) during World War II. After a fierce battle, the Japanese soldiers refused to surrender and retreated into the crocodile-infested swamp, which was surrounded by British marines. According to reports, about 400 Japanese soldiers were killed by crocodiles that night. An eyewitness, Bruce Stanley Wright, wrote of the events of that night:

Video. Crocodile slaughter. Crocodile attacks on Ramri Island

“Scattered rifle shots in the black haze of the swamp were interrupted by the screams of wounded men being eaten by the jaws of huge reptiles, and the blurry alarm sound of spinning crocodiles was like a sound from hell, which is rarely heard on earth ...

Of about a thousand Japanese soldiers who entered the Ramri swamps, only about twenty were found alive."

1 Sharks

A photo. Great white shark

Not too many surprises here, right? As predators, sharks are the preeminent ocean predators and are very well equipped to inflict serious injury: large, fast and powerful jaws, armed with several rows of razor-sharp teeth, these fish are polished killing machines. However, despite the existence of about 400 species, it is possible to select only a few that pose at least some real danger to humans. We have already described in another article, but we still believe that it is worth choosing only four of them.

On the one hand, the great white shark is the most capable killer of all living sharks. Reaching a length of almost 8 meters (25 feet) and 3 tons in weight, great white sharks have earned their name in their lifetime. Their favorite tactic is to swim under their prey and then at maximum speed (55 km/h, 35 mph) with their mouths open, go up and sink their teeth into the unsuspecting prey.

Statistics partly support the status of the great white shark as a deadly ocean creature for humans, of about 400 recorded unprovoked attacks, approximately 20% were fatal. However, with a closer look at some of the other shark species, one can understand that great white sharks are not as dangerous to humans as compared to other species.

The bull shark has slightly higher kill rates, around 25%, and many attacks are thought to have either been misattributed or not recorded. The trump card of the bull shark is its ability to survive in fresh water. These sharks have been found around the world thousands of miles from the ocean in estuaries where no one expected to see them. They have even been found in lakes that have only seasonal access to the sea.

Also, bull sharks, like tiger sharks, are much less picky about what they eat. While most great white shark attacks seem to mistakenly misidentify their prey, bull sharks deliberately attack humans.

Another type of shark worth mentioning is the long-winged shark. Although the statistics do not indicate their danger, the legendary naturalist Jacques Cousteau described them as "the most dangerous of all sharks." It is these sharks that are blamed for hundreds of deaths during air and sea disasters. The most famous cases date back to World War II, when the Nova Scotia sank off the coast of South Africa and the Indianapolis in the Philippines. Although no exact figures are available, the total death toll from these two disasters is believed to be around 1,000 as a result of shark attacks.

The Black Sea does not belong to tropical seas teeming with poisonous fish and dangerous animals. There are no electric stingrays, no man-eating sharks, no Portuguese boats, no toothy moray eels, however, in its waters there are marine life that pose a danger to human health.

The swimming season of 2017 will begin very soon, and vacationers yearning for the long winter for the sun and water will massively reach the banks of rivers, lakes, and of course, they will go to rest on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea is very friendly to people, there are practically no animals dangerous to humans, however, here you need to be on the alert so as not to thoroughly spoil your vacation. These are the few inhabitants of the Black Sea who can give us trouble.

Cornerot jellyfish (Rhizostoma pulmo). It is easily distinguished by its fleshy, bell-like dome and the heavy beard of the oral lobes underneath. On these lacy lobes are poisonous stinging cells. Try to swim around them; but in general, ordinary nettle burns more than cornerot. A jellyfish poses a certain danger to human mucous membranes, so you should beware of diving with your eyes open and putting jellyfish in swimming trunks.

Another major black sea jellyfish- Aurelia (Aurelia aurita). Her stinging cells are weaker, they do not pierce the skin on the body, but it can hurt to burn the mucous membrane of the eye or the edges of the lips of Aurelia; Therefore, it is better not to throw jellyfish at each other. Aurelia stinging cells - on a fringe of small tentacles, bordering the edge of the jellyfish dome. If you touched a jellyfish, even a dead one, rinse your hands - stinging cells may remain on them, and if you then rub your eyes with them, you will burn yourself.

Spiny shark, or katran.
Lives in the Black, Barents, Okhotsk and Japan seas. Length - up to 2 meters. It is called prickly for two strong sharp spikes, at the base of which there are poisonous glands located in front of the dorsal fins. With them, the katran is capable of inflicting deep wounds on an unlucky fisherman or a careless scuba diver. An inflammatory reaction develops at the site of the lesion: pain, hyperemia, edema. Sometimes noted heart palpitations, delayed breathing. It should not be forgotten that the katran has shark teeth, despite its modest size. Its poison, unlike the others, contains mainly myotropic (acting on the muscles) substances and has a rather weak effect, therefore, in the vast majority of people poisoning ends with a complete recovery.

Sea ruff, or Black Sea scorpion - Scorpaena porcus. This is a real monster - a large head covered with outgrowths, horns, bulging crimson eyes, a huge mouth with thick lips. The rays of the dorsal fin are turned into sharp spines, which the scorpionfish, if disturbed, spreads; at the base of each ray is a poisonous gland. This is the protection of the ruff from predators, its weapon of defense. And the weapon of attack - jaws with many sharp crooked teeth - are intended for careless fish that approached the scorpion at a distance of its swift, furious throw. The whole appearance of the scorpion speaks of its danger; and at the same time she is beautiful - and there are scorpionfish of very different colors - black, gray, brown, raspberry-yellow, pink ...
These spiny predators lurk between stones, under algae, and, like all bottom fish, change color to match the color of their surroundings, can quickly lighten or darken depending on the light. They hide the scorpion and numerous outgrowths, spikes and leathery tentacles, turning it into one of the stones, overgrown with marine vegetation. Therefore, it is difficult to notice her, and she herself relies so much on her inconspicuousness that she swims away (more precisely, flies away like a bullet from a gun!) Only if you get close to her. Sometimes you can even touch it - but you just don’t need to do this - you’ll prick! It is more interesting, lying on the surface of the water and breathing through a tube, to watch the scorpionfish hunt...
Two species of scorpionfish are found in the Black Sea - the noticeable scorpionfish Scorpaena notata, it is no more than 15 centimeters in length, and the Black Sea scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus - up to half a meter - but such large ones are found deeper, further from the coast. The main difference between the Black Sea scorpionfish is long, similar to rag patches, supraorbital tentacles. In the conspicuous scorpion, these outgrowths are short. The poisons they secrete are especially dangerous in early spring. The pricks of the fins are very painful.
Wounds from scorpion thorns cause burning pain, the area around the injections turns red and swells, then - general malaise, fever, and your rest is interrupted for a day or two. Wounds should be treated like normal scratches. The main symptoms of sea ruff poisoning are local inflammation (where they pricked) and a general allergic reaction. Therefore, the only pills that can help are anti-allergic (antihistamine) drugs - remember that you must strictly follow the instructions for using the tablets that come with all medicines. There are no known deaths from scorpion stings. No one accidentally steps on it either - curious divers and fishermen suffer from its thorns when they remove the ruff from the hook or take it out of the net. By the way, the sea ruff is a very tasty fish, but you need to clean it carefully - the poison is preserved even in a scorpionfish that has lain in the refrigerator.
In small doses, the toxin causes local inflammation of the tissues, in large doses - paralysis of the respiratory muscles. The poison of the sea ruff contains mainly substances that act on the blood, so the symptoms of poisoning in the victims persist for several days and then disappear without complications.

Stingray stingray, he is also a sea cat.
Grows up to 1 m in length. He has a thorn on his tail, or rather a real sword - up to 20 centimeters in length. Some fish have two or even three spines. Its edges are very sharp, and besides, jagged, along the blade, on the underside there is a groove in which dark poison from the poisonous gland on the tail is visible. If you hit a stingray lying at the bottom, it will hit with its tail like a whip; at the same time, he sticks out his thorn and can inflict a deep chopped or stab wound. A stingray wound is treated like any other.
Stingrays lead a bottom lifestyle. Despite the fact that sea cats are quite shy, they are afraid of noise, they try to swim away from bathers, if they accidentally step on a stingray buried in the ground in shallow water with a sandy bottom, it begins to defend itself and inflicts a deep wound on a person with its “weapon ". A prick is like being stabbed with a blunt knife. The pain quickly increases and after 5-10 minutes becomes unbearable. Local phenomena (edema, hyperemia) are accompanied by fainting, dizziness, impaired cardiac activity. In severe cases, death can occur from heart failure. Usually on the 5-7th day the victim recovers, but the wound heals much later.
The venom of a sea cat, once in the wound, causes painful phenomena similar to the bites of a poisonous snake. It acts equally on both the nervous and circulatory systems. Unlike the katran and scorpionfish, after a close acquaintance with a sea cat, it is unlikely that it will be possible to do without the help of a doctor.

Astrologer, or sea cow.
Their usual sizes are 30-40 centimeters. They live in the Black Sea and Far East. Stargazer, or sea cow, living in the Black Sea, has a grayish-brown spindle-shaped body with white, irregularly shaped spots running along the lateral line. The eyes of the fish are directed upwards, towards the sky. Hence its name. The stargazer spends most of its time at the bottom, burrowing into the ground, exposing its eyes and mouth with a protruding worm-like tongue that serves as bait for fish. There are sharp spikes on the gill covers and above the pectoral fins of the sea cow. During the breeding season, from late May to September, an accumulation of toxin-producing cells develops at their base. Through the grooves on the spikes, the poison enters the wound.
Soon after the injury, a person develops acute pain at the injection site, the affected tissue swells, and breathing becomes difficult. Only after a few days the person recovers. The venom secreted by stargazers is similar in effect to dragonfish toxin, but has not been well studied. Cases of fatal outcomes are known when these species of fish living in the Mediterranean Sea are affected.

The Sea Dragon, or sea scorpion, completes our list.
The most poisonous fish in many European seas lives in the Black Sea and the Kerch Strait. Length - up to 36 centimeters. A smaller species lives in the western part of the Baltic - the small sea dragon, or viper (12-14 centimeters). The structure of the poisonous apparatus of these fish is similar, and therefore the development of signs of poisoning is similar. In a sea dragon, the body is compressed from the sides, the eyes are set high, close together and look up. The fish lives at the bottom and often burrows into the ground so that only the head is visible. If you step on it with your bare foot or grab it with your hand, its sharp spines pierce the body of the "offender". Poisonous glands in a scorpion are provided with 6-7 rays of the anterior dorsal fin and spines of gill covers. Depending on the depth of the injection, the size of the fish, the condition of the victim, the consequences of being hit by a dragon may be different. At first, a sharp, burning pain is felt at the site of injury. The skin in the area of the wound turns red, edema appears, tissue necrosis develops. Arise headache, feverish condition, profuse sweating, pain in the heart, breathing is weakened. Paralysis of the limbs can occur, and in the most severe cases, death. However, poisoning usually disappears after 2-3 days, but a secondary infection, necrosis and a sluggishly current (up to 3 months) ulcer necessarily develop in the wound. It has been established that dragon venom contains mainly substances that act on the circulatory system, the percentage of neurotropic toxins is small. Therefore, the vast majority of cases of poisoning ends with the recovery of a person.

To prevent poisoning by poisonous fish, divers, divers, scuba divers, tourists and just relaxing by the sea must observe the following precautions.
Never try to grab fish with an unprotected hand, especially unknown to you, located in crevices or lying on the bottom.
It is not always safe, as experienced scuba divers testify, to touch unfamiliar objects located on sandy ground. These can be stingrays camouflaged there, sea dragons or stargazers. It is also dangerous to search underwater caves with your hands - you can stumble upon a hidden scorpionfish in them.
Fans of walking barefoot on the seashore at low tide need to carefully look under their feet. Remember: sea dragons often remain in the wet sand after the water recedes, and they are easy to step on. Children and those who first came to the sea coast should be especially warned about this.

Emergency measures in case of damage to poisonous fish by spiny spines should be aimed at relieving pain from the injury and poison, overcoming the action of the toxin and preventing secondary infection. When injured, it is necessary to immediately vigorously suck the poison out of the wound with the mouth along with the blood for 15-20 minutes. The suctioned liquid must be quickly spit out. There is no need to be afraid of the action of the toxin: the bactericidal substances contained in saliva reliably protect against poisoning. However, remember that this procedure cannot be performed on those who have wounds, injuries, sores on their lips and in the oral cavity. After this, the site of the lesion must be washed with a strong solution of potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide and an aseptic bandage applied. Then the victim is given an analgesic and diphenhydramine to prevent the development of allergic reactions, as well as drinking plenty of water, preferably strong tea.
With a prick of any poisonous fish, there is a proven folk way to reduce the pain of the wound. If you caught the offender, and most often it is careless fishermen who get injured, then you need to cut off a piece of meat from the fish that injured you and attach it to the wound. The pain will subside significantly, but in the case of sea dragon, stargazer and stingray in the future, the fastest qualified medical assistance is needed.

In conclusion, I would like to remind you once again: be careful and careful when swimming, diving and scuba diving. You can easily avoid unpleasant contact with dangerous inhabitants, since they themselves never attack a person, but use their weapons solely for the purpose of self-defense.

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