MBOU secondary school No. 39

H. Trudobelikovsky, Krasnoarmeisky district,

Krasnodar Territory

Working programm

in the subject "Drawing and graphics"

8th grade

art and drawing teachers

Iqualification category

Zhukova Irina Mikhailovna

2015 – 2016 academic year

Explanatory note

The work program for the subject "Drawing and Graphics" is based on:

Programs of educational institutions "Technology, labor training" grades 5-11. Moscow. "Enlightenment" 2005 Recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. 4th edition.

The basic curriculum of general educational institutions of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

Sample program of the main general education in the direction of "Graphics".

The course of drawing and graphics at school is aimed at the formation of a graphic culture of students, the development of thinking, as well as the creative potential of the individual.

An exemplary program has been developed taking into account interdisciplinary and intrasubject communications, the logic of the educational process, the development of the student's creative potential and the communication skills of schoolchildren. The optimal condition for learning is the harmony of the polytechnical, aesthetic and humanitarian orientation of teaching graphics, the realization of the creative abilities of the student's personality. This approach allows you to identify and develop the versatile abilities of students.

aim This course is teaching students graphic literacy and elements of graphic culture, as well as the formation and development of thinking of schoolchildren. Having mastered the basic course in grades 8-9, students must learn how to make and read complex drawings and sketches of simple parts and assembly units, their visual images; understand and read the simplest architectural and construction drawings, kinematic and electrical diagrams of simple products.

task of this course is:

To form knowledge about the basics of rectangular projection onto three projection planes, about how to construct images in drawings, as well as how to build an isometric projection and a technical drawing;

Develop static and dynamic spatial representations, figurative thinking based on the analysis of the shape of objects;

Teach yourself how to use the learning materials;

To form the ability to apply graphic knowledge in new situations.

general characteristics educational subject.

The priority goal of the school drawing course is the general system

development of thinking, spatial representations and graphic literacy

students. School course drawing helps students master

one of the means of knowing the world around; is of great importance for the general

and polytechnic education of students; introduces students to the elements

engineering and technical knowledge in the field of engineering and technology of modern

production; promotes the development of technical thinking, cognitive

students' abilities. In addition, drawing classes have a great

influence on the upbringing of independence and observation among schoolchildren,

accuracy and precision in work, which are the most important elements

general culture of work; favorably affect the formation of aesthetic

the taste of students, which contributes to the solution of the problems of their aesthetic education.

Drawing as an academic subject is in many ways specific and significantly different.

from other school disciplines. For this reason, a set of teaching methods

drawing is different from the methods of teaching other subjects. However

individual teaching methods used in drawing are not special methods.

They are a modification of the general teaching methods.

In the study of the course of drawing, the following are used methods:

Storytelling, explanation, conversation, lectures, observation, modeling and construction,

performance of graphic works, work with a textbook and reference material

Goals and objectives of the course:

The program puts purpose:

as well as apply graphic knowledge in solving problems with creative content.

In the process of learning to draw, they put tasks:

Generalize and expand knowledge about geometric shapes and bodies, teach

recreate images of objects, analyze their shape, dismember them into

constituent elements;

Develop spatial representations and imaginations, spatial and

logical thinking, creative abilities of students, to form

students of knowledge about orthogonal (rectangular) projection onto one,

two and three projection planes, about the construction of axonometric projections

(dimetry and isometry) and techniques for performing technical drawings;

Teach the basic rules of how to build graphic images,

to familiarize students with the rules for making drawings established

state standards ESKD;

Promote the instillation of graphic culture in schoolchildren, develop

all types of thinking that are in contact with the graphic activities of schoolchildren;

· To teach how to use textbooks and reference manuals; form

cognitive interest and the need for self-education and creativity to teach

on one's own

The place of the subject in the curriculum.

The federal state educational standard for basic general education (clause 11.6 and clause 18.3) provides for the study of the subject "Drawing and Graphics" in the primary school. It aims to develop spatial representations and imaginations; spatial logical thinking, creative abilities of students.

In the author's program, the subject "Drawing and graphics" is recommended to be studied in grades 8-9 in the amount of at least 68 hours (34 hours in each class), according to the curriculum of MBOU secondary school No. 39, the study of this subject provides for the 8th grade (34 hours), in the 9th grade it is recommended to study an elective course: "Technical drawing" -17 hours, "Graphics" -17 hours.

In the 8th grade in the section "Forms and shaping" the number of hours is -2, instead of 4 hours according to the author's program. Added 2 hours to study the topic "The order of reading part drawings"

Component		Number of training hours.
Basic part (mandatory)
Sections 1-8
Sections 9-20

For a complete assimilation of the theory and the performance of graphic works, the topics of the basic part are distributed as follows:

	Sections and topics		Number of hours of the working program
	Introduction
	Drawing technique and rules for reading drawings.
	Forms and shaping
	projection method. Orthographic projection and complex drawings. Sketches of items.
	Developments of surfaces limiting geometric bodies and objects of simple shapes.
	Perspective and axonometry
	technical drawing
	Reading order of part drawings.

Personal, meta-subject and subject results of mastering the subject.

In accordance with the requirements for the results of mastering the main educational program of general education of the Federal State Educational Standard, training in drawing classes is aimed at achieving the following results by students:

Metasubject Results characterize the level of formation of the universal abilities of students, manifested in cognitive and practical creative activity:

Familiarization of students with the basics of production, development of design abilities;

Increasing the demands on the quality of graphic works of schoolchildren in the lessons of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and labor. As a result, the overall graphic literacy of students will be improved.

Modern graphic education implies good training in the field of fine arts, drawing, descriptive geometry, technology, and others. academic disciplines as well as knowledge of computer graphics programs,

Graphic language is considered as the language of business communication, accepted in science, technology, art, containing geometric, aesthetic, technical and technological information.

Studying the role of drawing in modern production, establishing a logical connection between drawing and other subjects of the polytechnic cycle.

The task of teaching drawing also includes preparing students for independent work with reference and special literature for solving emerging problems.

Subject Results characterize the experience of students in the formation of spatial-logical thinking, which is acquired and consolidated in the process of mastering the subject:

Formation and development of the graphic culture of students, their thinking and creative qualities of the individual through the solution of various graphic tasks aimed at the formation of technical, logical, abstract and figurative-spatial thinking;

Formation, development and application of the acquired knowledge in practice according to the rules for solving graphic problems of both reproductive and creative nature;

When selecting training tasks, it is necessary to strive to ensure that their content is as close as possible to the real details and elements of assembly units that exist in technology.

Personal Outcomes are reflected in the individual qualitative properties of students, which they must acquire in the process of mastering the subject "Drawing and Graphics":

To develop figurative - spatial thinking, the ability to independently approach the solution of various problems, the development of design, technical abilities of students;

Teach yourself how to use study materials.

To teach how to make drawings in a system of rectangular projections, as well as axonometric projections with the transformation of the shape of an object;

To form the ability to apply graphic knowledge in new situations;

Spatial thinking in different students is at different levels of development due to individual psychological characteristics, so it is necessary to take these features into account when teaching drawing.

Introduction (2 hours)

Introduction

Basic rules for the execution of a drawing font.

Drawing scale.

Construction of conjugations.

Graphic work No. 3 "Geometric constructions".

The concept of form. Forms are flat and spatial.

Orthogonal (rectangular) projection

Complex drawing of the subject.

Basic drawing views

Development of surfaces limiting geometric bodies and objects of simple shapes -2 hours

Construction of sweeps of the main geometric bodies.

Isometric projections of circles.

Graphic work No. 6 "Axonometry".

Technical drawing - 4 hours

Technical drawing.

Reading a drawing

Thematic planning.

	Thematic planning	Types of learning activities of students
Introduction (2 hours)
Introduction	Historical information on the development of drawings. The value of the knowledge gained in the lesson of drawing graphically for displaying and transmitting information in the objective world and mutual communication of people.	To acquaint students with a new academic discipline for them and generalize their previously acquired knowledge about various images, expand the horizons of schoolchildren about drawings and their application, etc. To instill in students a sense of pride in the contribution of Russian inventors to the development of the drawing
Drawing tools, materials and accessories.	Tools, accessories and materials necessary for the execution of drawings. Rational methods of working with tools. Workplace organization.
Drawing technique and drawing rules - 10 hours.
Drawing line types. Concepts about ESKD.	ESKD standards, their purpose Formats: purpose, A4 size. . Lines: solid thick basic, dashed, solid wavy, dash-dot and thin dash-dot with two dots. Formats, frame and title block.	show students that the images that are used in production and that are studied in the school drawing course cannot be made arbitrarily. Drawings, like other images, have special rules. They are in the nature of state laws, which cannot be violated by anyone.
Graphic work No. 1 "Main lines of the drawing"	Consolidation of knowledge about drawing lines: Knowledge of the size of the format, frame and title block. Ability to use drawing tools.	Practice the skills of working with drawing tools. Consolidate and apply the acquired knowledge in practice.
Basic rules for the execution of a drawing font	Information about the drawing font. Historical information; drawing font features; font numbers; uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and symbols in the drawings.	Give general information about the font for inscriptions in drawings. Practice drawing skills.
Format, frame and title block in drawings.	Rules for filling in the main inscription: purpose, dimensions, inscription columns, location on the drawing.	show students that the images that are studied in the school drawing course cannot be made arbitrarily. On drawings and images, special rules are established. They are in the nature of state laws.
Applying dimensions to a drawing.	Some information about dimensioning (expand and dimension lines, arrows, signs diameter and radius; indication of the thickness and length of the part with an inscription; arrangement of dimensional numbers). The use and designation of the scale., the dependence of the size on the scale used.	Expand knowledge about the state. Standards, about the features of applying dimensions to the drawings. Be able to apply knowledge in practice. Development of skills in the use of drawing tools.
Graphic work No. 2 "Drawing of a flat part."	Make a drawing of the “Gasket” part according to the existing half of the images. Apply dimensions, indicate the thickness of the part.
Drawing scale.	The use and designation of the scale, the dependence of dimensions on the scale used.	To teach how to use scale in drawings, to be able to think logically, to cultivate accuracy in work.
The simplest geometric constructions.	Consideration of examples for dividing segments into two or more equal parts and an angle in half. A statement of the rules for dividing a circle into 4, 3, 6 equal parts using a compass or a compass and a square.	teach to divide circles into equal parts, develop observation skills, the ability to think logically, to cultivate care and accuracy in the execution of drawings
Construction of conjugations.	The conjugation of two lines (on the example of an acute, obtuse and right angles), a line and circles, two circles.	To teach how to apply previously studied methods of graphic constructions. Develop circle skills.
Graphic work No. 3 "Geometric constructions"	Analysis of the geometric shape of objects. Projections of geometric bodies. Mental division of an object into geometric bodies.	Development of skills in working with drawing tools. Using a compass for graphic constructions.
Forms and shaping-2 hours
The concept of form. Forms are flat and spatial.	Mental division of an object into geometric bodies - prisms, cylinders, cones, pyramids, a ball and their parts. Drawings of a group of geometric bodies	Define the main geometric bodies, how they are displayed on the projection planes.
Formation of the simplest geometric bodies.	Analysis of the geometric shape of objects presented in kind, a visual image and verbal description: sum, difference and their combination.	Consolidation of previously acquired knowledge. Practicing drawing skills
projection method. Orthographic projection and complex drawings. Sketches of objects - 7 hours.
Orthogonal (rectangular) projection	General information about projection methods. Types of projection.	To introduce students to the general projection rules that underlie the construction of drawings used in drafting. Develop spatial representations and spatial thinking
Drawing of an object on one projection plane	Parallel Rectangular projection onto one (frontal) projection plane, its position in space, designation. The concept of "frontal projection", "front view"	To introduce students to the general rules of projection. Develop spatial representations and spatial thinking.
A drawing of an object on two mutually perpendicular projection planes.	Explanation of the projection process, elements of the projecting apparatus (projected figure, projection plane, projection center, projecting rays, figure projection).	To introduce students to the general projection rules that underlie the construction of drawings used in drafting. Develop spatial thinking
Complex drawing of the subject.	Rectangular projection of a part onto three projection planes. Performing images of objects on three mutually perpendicular planes.	Development of skills in working with drawing tools. Using a compass and ruler for graphic constructions.
Basic drawing views	The location of the views in the drawing and their names: front view, top view, left view. Determination of the necessary and sufficient number of views in the drawings. The concept of local views (located in a projection relationship).	Work out in practice the concept of a projection connection. The development of spatial thinking.
Graphic work No. 4 "Sketching"	Graphic work (tasks at the choice of the teacher)
Graphic work No. 5 "Drawing of a part in three views with dimensions."	Finding an unknown projection of a figure from two given ones. Graphic work on A-4 format, using drawing tools.	Development of spatial thinking. Ability to apply knowledge in practice. Development of skills in the use of drawing tools.
Development of surfaces limiting geometric bodies and objects of simple shapes -2 hours
Building developments of the main geometric bodies	Build a development of any geometric body on cardboard using drawing tools.	The ability to accurately perform drawings of parts, apply dimensions, figuratively represent the location of objects in space.
Practical work"Unfoldment of Geometric Bodies".	Modeling from cardboard and wire. Comparison of the resulting model with the image	To consolidate knowledge about the modeling of an object according to its drawing. Work out in practice the concept of a projection connection. Development of spatial thinking.
Perspective and axonometry - 5 hours.
Axonometric projections of details.	Oblique frontal dimetric and rectangular isometric projections. Direction of the axes, drawing dimensions.	Learn how to build coordinate axes for building axonometric projections. Learn to use a ruler and a square when building axes
Construction of axonometric projections of plane figures.		To teach the cost of flat-faced objects in axonometric projection based on previously studied material.
Construction of axonometric projections of details.	the rules for constructing axonometric projections of flat figures underlie the methods for constructing projections of any geometric bodies or objects.	To teach how to cost objects in an axonometric projection based on previously studied material. Be able to use a ruler and a square when constructing axes
Isometric projections of circles.	consideration and construction of examples of axonometric images of objects with round surface elements	Learn to value the axonometry of the circle.
Graphic work No. 6 "Axonometry".	Construct one of the projections of this part. Apply the image of dots on this projection.	Learn to build projections of the elements of the subject. Show how they are displayed on projection planes
Technical drawing - 4 hours
Technical drawing.	on the instructions of the teacher, complete a sketch of the part (from nature) in the required number of views and a technical drawing of the same part.	Work out the skills of building sketches and technical drawings Generalization of previously acquired knowledge.
Making a technical drawing according to the detail drawing.	According to the drawing of the part, make a visual image in axonometric projections.	To consolidate the knowledge of constructing coordinate axes for axonometric projections. Ability to use a ruler and a square when constructing axes
Transfer of volume in a technical drawing.	Draw a technical drawing of the part with hatching or shading.	To teach how to convey volume in a technical drawing. Strengthen your pencil skills.
Graphic work No. 7 "Technical drawing in axonometry."	Determine the difference between a technical drawing and axonometry. Perform graphic work on A-4 format.	Work out the skills of building a technical drawing. Summarize previously acquired knowledge.
The order of reading the drawings of parts.- 2 hours Reading a drawing
Reading a drawing	Consistent reading of the drawing, the distinctive features of the images allow you to set its geometric shape; symbols and inscriptions help to identify the shape of the part	To teach to represent an object according to flat images, to know the sequence of reading drawings. Determine the dimensions of objects.
Graphic work No. 8 "Execution of a drawing with shape transformation."	Performing graphic work on A4 format using drawing tools.	Consolidate previously studied material. Consolidate skills in drawing tools.

Requirements for knowledge, skills and abilities of students

Students should know:

Techniques for working with drawing tools;

The simplest geometric constructions;

Techniques for constructing conjugations;

Basic information about the font;

Rules for the execution of drawings;

Basics of rectangular projection on one, two, three perpendicular projection planes;

Principles of constructing visual images.

Students should be able to:

Analyze the shape of an object according to a drawing, visual representation, nature and scans;

Analyze the graphic composition of images;

Choose the optimal number of views on the complex drawing of individual items;

Carry out self-control of the correctness of the implementation of the simplest graphic works;

Give examples of the use of graphics in life, everyday life and professional activities of a person.

Mandatory minimum of graphic works in the 8th grade:

1. "Main lines of the drawing."

2. "Drawing of a flat part."

3. "Geometric constructions"

4. Sketching

5. "Drawing of a part in three views with dimensions"

6. "Reamers"

7. "Technical drawing in axonometry

8. "Performing a drawing with shape transformation."

Educational and methodical literature:

Botvinnikov A.D., Vinogradov V.N., Vyshnepolsky V.S. Textbook "Drawing Grade 8-9"

Moscow. Astrel. 2009

Cards - tasks for drawing for grade 8. Moscow. Education. 2001

A set of parts for graphic work.

Filmstrips for drawing.

Programs of educational institutions "Cherchenie" Moscow. Enlightenment. 2005

Discussed Agreed

at the meeting of the Ministry of Defense, protocol No. 1 Deputy Director

from _22. 08 2014 G. 28.08. 20 14 ___

Head of MO

__________ Khazova L. _ _______ Parshakova G,I.

(signature of the chairman of the MO) (full name)

municipal budgetary society educational institution

"School No. 178" of the city district of Samara

WORKING PROGRAMM

_______by _DRAWING__________

(thing)

Class 8 A, B, C

The program was developed

Teacher Shelomova G.K..

(FULL NAME.)

Samara, 2016

Explanatory note

The drawing work program was developed by the drawing teacher of the MBOU of school No. 178. Samara Shelomova G.K. based on the author's program Drawing 8-9 grade, Moscow, "Enlightenment", 2000. Compiled by Yu.P. Shevelev./ Programs of educational institutions "Cherchenie" compiled by V.V. Stepakov, L.E. Samovolnova, publishing house "Enlightenment", 2000 /

When developing the program, the requirements reflected in federal state standard of general basic education. (FGOS LLC)

The program details and reveals the content of the standard, determines the general strategy for teaching, educating and developing students by means of a subject in accordance with the goals of studying drawing, which are defined by the standard.

Document structure

The working program for drawing is a holistic document that includes six sections: an explanatory note; educational and thematic plan; topic content training course; requirements for the level of training of students; list of educational and methodological support, calendar and thematic planning.

General characteristics of the subject

Priority purpose school drawing course is a general system for the development of thinking, spatial representations and graphic literacy of students. The school drawing course helps schoolchildren to master one of the means of knowing the world around them; is of great importance for the general and polytechnic education of students; introduces schoolchildren to the elements of engineering and technical knowledge in the field of technology and technology of modern production; promotes the development of technical thinking, cognitive abilities students. In addition, drawing classes have a great influence on the education of schoolchildren of independence and observation, accuracy and accuracy in work, which are the most important elements of a general culture of work; favorably influence the formation of the aesthetic taste of students, which contributes to the solution of the problems of their aesthetic education.

Drawing as an academic subject is in many ways specific and differs significantly from other school disciplines. For this reason, the set of methods for teaching drawing differs from the methods for teaching other subjects. However, the individual teaching methods used in drawing are not special methods. They are a modification of the general teaching methods.

In the study of the course of drawing, the following are used methods:

Story, explanation, conversation, lectures, observation, modeling and design, graphic work, work with a textbook and reference material.

Goals and objectives of the course:

The purpose of training: teaching students graphic literacy and elements of graphic culture.

In the process of learning to draw, they put tasks:

Generalize and expand knowledge about geometric shapes and bodies, teach to recreate images of objects, analyze their shape, dissect into its constituent elements;

To develop spatial representations and imaginations, spatial and logical thinking, creative abilities of students, to form students' knowledge about orthogonal (rectangular) projection onto one, two and three projection planes, about building axonometric projections (dimetry and isometry) and techniques for performing technical drawings;

To teach the basic rules for the construction of graphic images, to acquaint students with the rules for making drawings established by state standards for ESKD;

To promote the instillation of a graphic culture in schoolchildren, to develop all types of thinking that are in contact with the graphic activities of schoolchildren;

To teach how to use textbooks and reference manuals; to form a cognitive interest and the need for self-education and creativity to teach independently.

In the process of studying drawing, it is necessary teach students to work accurately, properly organize the workplace, rationally use drawing and measuring tools.

Along with reproductive teaching methods, problem-based learning methods are used.

The study of theoretical material is combined with the implementation of practical tasks and mandatory graphic work.

In the process of studying drawing, educational visual aids are used: tables, models, details, various products, drawings, etc.

Graphic works are carried out on separate sheets of the corresponding standard formats. Training and frontal exercises are performed in A4 workbooks (on squared paper).

The optimal condition for learning is the harmony of the polytechnic and aesthetic orientation of education. This approach allows you to identify and develop the versatile inclinations and abilities of students.

The novelty of this program is to help students get better at the system higher education and modern production, elements of descriptive geometry are introduced into the drawing program, allowing a more correct approach to the study of drawing on theoretical basis. Knowledge of methods for constructing and transforming images is of great importance for the development of spatial thinking.

Basic provisions.

The course of drawing at school is aimed at the formation of a graphic culture of students, the development of thinking, as well as the creative potential of the individual.

The concept of "graphic culture" is broad and multifaceted. In a broad sense, graphic culture is understood as a set of achievements of mankind in the field of mastering graphic ways of transmitting information. In relation to teaching schoolchildren, graphic culture means the level of excellence achieved by schoolchildren in mastering graphic methods and ways of transmitting information, which is assessed by the quality of execution and reading of drawings. The formation of a graphic culture of students is the process of mastering the graphic language used in technology, science, production, design and other fields of activity. The formation of the graphic culture of schoolchildren is inseparable from the development of figurative (spatial), logical, abstract thinking by means of the subject, which is realized when solving graphic problems. The drawing course for schoolchildren forms analytical and creative (including combinatorial) components of thinking and is the main source for the development of static and dynamic spatial representations of students.

The creative potential of the individual is developed through the inclusion of schoolchildren in various types of creative activities related to the use of graphic knowledge and skills in the process of solving problem situations and creative tasks. The process of mastering knowledge includes four stages: understanding, memorizing, applying knowledge according to the rule and solving creative problems. The stages are associated with the activity of recognizing, reproducing, solving typical and non-typical tasks that require the application of knowledge in new situations. Without the last step, the learning process remains incomplete. Therefore, the process of mastering the educational material of each section should contain the solution of propaedeutic creative tasks, locally aimed at mastering the relevant knowledge. A systematic appeal to creative tasks creates the prerequisites for the development of the creative potential of students, which at the end of training is realized when solving problems with elements of technical design. Creative activity creates conditions for the development of creative thinking, creative qualities of the personality of students (ability for prolonged exertion of strength and intellectual stress, independence and patience, the ability to bring things to the end, the need to work at full strength, the ability to defend one's point of view, etc.). The result of the creative work of schoolchildren is the growth of their intellectual activity, the acquisition of positive emotional and sensory experience, which as a result ensures the development of the creative potential of the individual.

Listed conceptual e provisions are interconnected, interdependent and reveal modern ideas on the graphic training of schoolchildren.

The polytechnic orientation of the course is carried out on the basis of the connection between the theory of graphic methods and ways of displaying information with the practice of production, technical and artistic and design activities. Thus, the interrelation of the course of drawing with other subjects of the block "Technology" is provided. When selecting and compiling training tasks, it is important to ensure that their content models the elements of the work of specialists, and the objects of graphic work have prototypes of real-life parts and assembly units, adapted to the specifics of teaching drawing.

When teaching orthogonal (rectangular) projection, it is advisable to choose an object as an object that has straight and inclined elements, which activates its representation in projections: points, lines and planes are considered as vertices, edges and faces of this object.

2. From the first lessons, it is necessary to pay special attention to the formation of skills to analyze the shape, display it on projection planes, analyze the resulting images, identifying characteristic features that ensure recognition of the shape of geometric bodies and details.

3. Training in orthogonal projection is recommended to be carried out sequentially - on one, two and three projection planes as difficulties increase.

4. It is necessary to completely exclude all unproductive elements of graphic activity, saving students from redrawing the conditions of tasks, ready-made drawings and individual images. To perform the work, workbooks (in a cage) or notebooks with a printed base should be used.

5. Geometric constructions must be studied throughout the course in accordance with the topic being studied. For example, if on the topic “Projection onto one, two and three projection planes” a form of parts (models of parts) is selected, the display of which requires knowledge of some geometric construction, then this material is studied when explaining the sequence of constructing an image on a drawing.

6. It is necessary to pay equal attention to teaching schoolchildren to read and make drawings.

7. When making a drawing or sketch from nature, it is advisable to organize observations of a fixed object from a fixed point of view, which contributes to the development of spatial representations.

8. When teaching the construction of images in rectangular isometry, one should pay attention to the choice of a rational way to perform them. (To save time, in some cases, the isometric projection can be replaced by a technical drawing.)

9. When studying cuts and sections, it should be remembered that their obtaining is based on the mental dissection of objects by a plane. If students are well aware of the similarities and differences between a section and a section, comparing their visual capabilities, they will be able to consciously use these images when drawing up a drawing.

10. When teaching schoolchildren to read assembly drawings, it is recommended that they develop a certain sequence of reading information about the product, which will help to purposefully obtain the necessary information about the geometric shape of the product and its components, the relative position of the parts to each other, how the parts are connected, the operation of the product, and also about other technical and technological characteristics.

11. The study of the rules of GOST ESKD (general rules for drawing up drawings, scales, sizing) is carried out as necessary when disclosing issues of projection, reading and execution of product drawings.

12. When students study drawings of assembly units, the main attention of the teacher should be directed to the formation of reading and detailing skills. To form the ability to read assembly drawings, it is necessary to use more widely tasks with a choice of answers from among those offered. The formation of the ability to detail is achieved only in the process of making drawings (sketches) of parts included in the assembly unit. When studying the shape of assembly units, it is important to focus the attention of schoolchildren on the fact that the shape of adjacent parts is interdependent.

13. In addition to the mandatory graphic work, drawing lessons should use diverse graphic tasks.

14. The activation of the cognitive activity of schoolchildren is carried out through a variety of forms, means, teaching methods and methodological support of the lesson.

15. In the process of teaching drawing, one should take into account the individual characteristics of students (abilities, mindset, interests, etc.), gradually raising the level of their intellectual development.

17. Great importance should be attached to the development of students' independence in acquiring graphic knowledge, in applying knowledge and skills in extracurricular work and in everyday life.

The place of the subject in the basic curriculum

The study of the drawing course in the 8th grade is designed for 34 hours, 1 hour per week.

Personal, meta-subject and subject results of mastering the course

In the conditions of work according to the new educational standards (FGOS) of basic general education, special attention should be paid to the forms and planned results of the educational activities of students. The main emphasis should be placed on the achievement of personal, meta-subject and substantive results of teaching and educating schoolchildren.

Personal Outcomes drawing studies include:

Formation of a worldview, a holistic view of the world and forms of technical creativity;

Development of skills and knowledge of knowledge and self-knowledge;

Accumulation of experience in graphic activity;

Formation of a creative attitude to problems;

Development of imaginative thinking and mastering the ways of creative self-expression of the individual;

Harmonization of the intellectual and emotional development of the individual;

Preparation for a conscious choice of an individual educational or professional trajectory.

Metasubject Results drawing studies reflect:

Formation of key competencies in the process of technical creativity;

Identification of causal relationships;

Search for analogues in science and technology;

Development of critical thinking, the ability to argue one's point of view;

Formation of research, communication and information skills;

Use of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, systematization;

Definition of goals and objectives of educational activities;

The choice of means for the implementation of goals and objectives and their application in practice;

Self-assessment of the results achieved.

Subject Results drawing studies include:

Study of objects and phenomena of science and technology;

Perception of the meaning (concept, specifics) of graphic images (drawings);

Presentation of the place and role of engineering graphics in the development of culture, in human life and society;

Presentation of the system of universal values, orientation in the system of moral norms and values;

Mastering the features of the language different types graphics and technical means of image; understanding the conventions of the language of graphic images (drawings);

Distinguishing the studied types of graphic images, determining their relationships;

Classification of the studied objects and phenomena of science and technology; structuring the studied material, information obtained from various sources;

Awareness of the value and place of technical creativity and engineering graphics in the development of society, the manifestation of a steady interest in the development of new technical means and technologies;

Respect and awareness of the value of the technical culture of other peoples, the development of their technical achievements;

Formation of communicative, informational competence;

Description of graphic images using special terminology; expressing one's own opinion about the correctness of graphic images; mastery of graphic literacy;

Development of individual creative skills, broadening one's horizons;

The ability to see associative links and realize their role in creative activity;

Realization of creative potential; the use of various graphic materials;

Using the knowledge and technical means of engineering graphics in their own work.

Requirements for the level of preparation of students for the course of drawing grade 8

Learners should know:

Techniques for working with drawing tools;

The simplest geometric constructions;

Techniques for constructing conjugations;

Basic information about the font;

Rules for the execution of drawings;

Fundamentals of rectangular projection onto one, two and three mutually perpendicular projection planes;

Principles of constructing visual images.

Learners should be able to:

Analyze the shape of an object according to a drawing, a visual image, nature and simple scans;

To carry out simple transformations of the shape and spatial position of objects and their parts;

Analyze the graphic composition of images;

Choose the main view and the optimal number of views on the complex drawing (and sketch) of a single item;

Carry out self-control of the correctness and quality of the implementation of the simplest graphic works;

Give examples of the use of graphics in life, everyday life and professional activities of a person.

Checking and assessing the knowledge, skills and abilities of students.

An important and necessary part of the educational process is taking into account the progress of schoolchildren. Checking and evaluating knowledge has the following functions: controlling, teaching, educating, developing.

In the learning process, the current and final form of knowledge testing is used, for the implementation of which an oral and written survey, independent graphic work is used.

The main form of knowledge testing is the performance of graphic works. The drawing program provides for a significant number of mandatory graphic works that allow the teacher to control and systematize the students' knowledge of the program material. One of the required graphic works is a control.

Test makes it possible to identify the level of assimilation of knowledge, skills and abilities of students acquired in a year or a course in drawing; independent work allows you to judge their level on a separate topic or section of the program.

The knowledge and skills of students are evaluated on a five-point system. For graphic works, two marks are given, for the correct execution and the quality of the graphic design of the drawing.

To ensure a good quality check of graphic works, it is advisable to conduct it according to the following plan:

Checking the correctness of the design of the drawing (execution of the frame, the main inscription, the inscription of letters and numbers in a drawing font, applying dimensions).

Checking the correctness of the drawing (observance of the projection connection, the use of line types according to their purpose, the completeness and correctness of the answer).

After verification, it is necessary to identify typical mistakes allowed by students, and outline ways to fill gaps in their knowledge.

The program defines approximate norms for assessing the knowledge and skills of students in drawing.

Oral knowledge test

Rating "5" is put, if student:

a) has mastered the program material, clearly represents the shape of objects from their images and firmly knows the rules and conventions of images and designations;

b) gives a clear and correct answer, revealing an understanding of the educational material and characterizing solid knowledge; presents the material in a logical sequence using the terminology adopted in the drafting course;

c) does not make mistakes, but makes reservations due to inattention when reading drawings, which he easily corrects at the request of the teacher.

Rating "4" is put if the student:

a) has mastered the program material, but reads the drawings with little difficulty due to the still insufficiently developed spatial representation; knows the rules of images and symbols;

b) gives the correct answer in a certain logical sequence;

c) when reading the drawings, he admits some incompleteness of the answer and minor errors, which he corrects with the help of the teacher.

Grade "3" is put if the student:

a) he does not know the main program material well, but he has mastered most of the studied conventions of images and notation;

b) the answer is incomplete, constructed incoherently, but revealing a common understanding of the questions;

c) he reads drawings uncertainly, requires constant help from the teacher (leading questions) and partial use of visual aids.

Rating "2" is put if the student:

a) reveals ignorance or misunderstanding of most or the most important part of the educational material;

b) the answer builds incoherently, makes significant mistakes that cannot be corrected even with the help of a teacher.

When performing graphic and practical work

Rating "5" is put if the student:

a) independently, carefully and timely performs graphic and practical work and neatly keeps a notebook; reads drawings freely;

b) if necessary, skillfully uses reference material;

c) does not make mistakes in the images, but allows minor inaccuracies and typographical errors.

Rating "4" is put if the student:

a) independently, but with little difficulty, completes and reads drawings and keeps a notebook relatively accurately;

b) he uses reference material, but finds his bearings in it with difficulty;

c) when making drawings, he makes minor mistakes, which he corrects after the teacher's comments and eliminates himself without additional explanation.

Grade "3" is put if the student:

a) performs and reads drawings uncertainly, but observes the basic rules of design; the obligatory work provided for by the program is not performed in a timely manner; the notebook is careless;

b) in the process of graphic activity, he makes significant mistakes, which he corrects with the help of a teacher.

Rating "2" is put if the student:

a) does not perform mandatory graphic and practical work, does not keep a notebook;

b) reads drawings and performs only with the help of a teacher and systematically makes significant mistakes.

Introduction.Drawing technique and rules for their design(6 hours)

Subject "Drawing". The value of drawing in practical human activity. Modern methods of making drawings.

Types of graphic images: drawings, visual images, drawings, diagrams, graphs, diagrams, topograms. Historical information about the development of the drawing.

Tools, accessories and materials necessary for the execution of drawings. Rational methods of working with tools. Workplace organization.

The concept of an object (model, technical detail, product), its position in space, its geometric shape. Geometric figures are correct and incorrect. The main geometric bodies (prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone, ball, torus), full and truncated, straight and inclined. Right and wrong; their essential and non-essential features; definitions of geometric bodies, the name of their elements (faces, edges, vertices, bases, etc.). Generalization of knowledge about the development of geometric bodies and the construction of their drawings.

Analysis of the geometric shape of objects presented in nature, a visual image and a verbal description: sum, difference and their combination.

The concept of state standards ESKD.

The concept of standards. Lines: solid thick basic, dashed, solid wavy, dash-dot and thin dash-dot with two dots. Formats, frame and title block.

Some information about the application of dimensions (extension and dimension lines, arrows, signs of diameter and radius; indication of the thickness and length of the part with an inscription; arrangement of dimension numbers).

The use and designation of the scale, the dependence of dimensions on the scale used.

Information about the drawing font. Historical information; drawing font features; font numbers; uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and symbols in the drawings.

2. Drawings in the system of rectangular projections. (6 hours)

Analysis of the geometric shape of objects.

The concept of projection. Types of projection. Parallel rectangular projection onto one (frontal) projection plane, its position in space, designation. The concept of "frontal projection", "front view", "main view". The choice of the main view and its definition.

Projection onto two mutually perpendicular projection planes. The concept of the horizontal plane of projections, its designation; combination of horizontal and frontal planes of projections; formation of a complex drawing (epure G. Monge); projection axes X and Y; sizes set aside for them; projection communication lines (projections of projecting rays). The concepts of "horizontal projection", "top view". The position of the top view relative to the front view.

Projection onto three mutually perpendicular projection planes. The concept of the profile plane of projections, its designation; alignment with other planes and projections. The concepts of "profile projection", "left view"; the position of the left view relative to the front and left views.

3. Axonometric projections. (4 hours)

Frontal oblique dimetric and rectangular isometric projections: arrangement of axes; dimensions plotted along the axes. Algorithm for constructing an isometric projection of a rectangular parallelepiped (from the lower base).

An algorithm for constructing a visual image of a part, the shape of which is formed by a combination of rectangular parallelepipeds, according to its complex drawing.

Isometric projections of geometric shapes, circles. Construction of a Cylinder and a cone, the bases of which lie in the projection planes; parts formed by a combination of various geometric bodies.

The concept of technical drawing, ways of transferring volume.

Projections of geometric bodies. Mental division of an object into geometric bodies (prisms, cylinders, cones, pyramids, a ball, and their parts).

Finding in the drawing the vertices, edges, generatrices and surfaces of the bodies that make up the shape of the object.

Applying dimensions on drawings, taking into account the shape of objects. Use the square sign. Deployment of surfaces of some bodies.

Reading drawings presented in one, two and three views.

Design elements; transformation of the form and images of objects; solving entertaining, developing and creative tasks.

Thematic plan

	Topic name	Total hours
	Introduction. Drawing technique and rules for their design
	Drawings in the system of rectangular projections
	Axonometric projections. Technical drawing.
	Reading and executing blueprints

Mandatory minimum of graphic and practical works of graphic works

		Note
	Graphic work No. 1 on the topic « Drawing lines.
	Drawing of a "flat" detail".	Front graphic work
	Practical work No. 3
		Front graphic work
		Front graphic work
		Front graphic work
	Oral reading of drawings.	Control work on individual tasks
		Front graphic work
	Graphic Work No. 9	Front graphic work
		Front graphic work
	Making a drawing of an object.	Front graphic work

Educational and thematic plan

	Lesson topic	Number of hours	Number of control, graphic, practical works
	Drawing rules.
	Graphic work No. 1 on the topic " Drawing lines.
	Drawing fonts.
	Graphic work No. 2 on the topic " Drawing of a "flat" detail".
	2. Drawings in the system of rectangular projections (6 hours).
	Projection general information. Control testing
	Practical work No. 3 on the topic "Modeling according to the drawing."
	intermediate test Technical drawing.
	4. Reading and execution of drawings (15 hours).
	Solving fun problems.
	Graphic work No. 4 on the topic “ Drawings and axonometric projections of objects.
	Graphic work No. 5 on the topic “ Construction of the third projection from two data”.
	Graphic work No. 6 on the topic " Detail drawing (using geometric constructions, including mates)"
	Control testing
	Practical work No. 7 on the topic “ Oral reading of drawings.
	Graphic work No. 8 on the topic " A drawing of an object in three forms with the transformation of its shape.
	5. Sketches (3 hours).
	Graphic Work No. 9 on the topic "Implementation of a sketch and technical drawing of a part."
	Graphic work number 10 on the topic " Sketches of parts with the inclusion of design elements.
	Graphic work No. 11 on the topic “ Making a drawing of an object.
Total:

Calendar-thematic planning Grade 8

Chapter(number of hours)
№ p.p.	Lesson topic	Number of hours	Lesson type	Characteristics of the activities of students
1. Introduction. Technique for making drawings and rules for their design (6 hours).
	Introduction. Drawing tools, materials and accessories.		Learning new knowledge	Participation in a conversation with a view of the tables. View a presentation about the history of the development of drawing. Work in a notebook. Consideration and comparison of graphic images (drawings, sketches, diagrams, technical drawings, etc.) given in the textbook. Drawing vertical, oblique, horizontal lines and circles with a ruler, square and compass.
	Drawing rules.			Participation in the conversation with examples. Practical work "Poster design". Execution of the frame and the main inscription of the drawing on a sheet of A4 format. drawing the lines of the drawing with their names (above the lines) and assignment (below the lines) in normal handwriting.
	Graphic Work No. 1 on this topic " Drawing lines.		Methodological Lesson	Performing graphic work “drawing drawing lines” (knowledge test) on A4 format, draw lines, as shown in fig. 24
	Drawing fonts.		Methodological Lesson	Participation in the conversation, viewing the presentation "Drawing font". Performing graphic and practical exercises. Execution on a sheet of A4 alphabet.
	Basic information about sizing. Scales.		Methodological Lesson	Card work. Listening to the teacher's story, working with a textbook and notebook. Performing practical work drawing a “flat” part on an A4 sheet with dimensions and scale conversion.
	Graphic Work No. 2 on this topic " Drawing of a "flat" detail".		Learning new knowledge	Testing. Participation in a conversation, making a drawing of a “flat” part on an A4 sheet with dimensions and scale conversion according to individual tasks.
	2. Drawings in the system of rectangular projections (6 hours).
	Projection general information. Control testing		Learning new knowledge	Working with cards. Participation in a conversation. View and discuss presentations on the topic of the lesson. Performing an image of an object on one plane according to a visual image (with an indication of the thickness)
	Projection of an object onto two mutually perpendicular planes.		Generalization and systematization of the studied	Working with cards. Participation in a conversation. View and discuss presentations on the topic of the lesson. Execution of a drawing of an object in two forms.
	Projection of an object onto three mutually perpendicular projection planes.			Participation in the dialogue. View and discuss presentations on the topic of the lesson. Execution of the drawing in three forms.
	Location of views on the drawing. local views.		Methodological Lesson	Participation in a conversation. Viewing a presentation. Performing graphic exercises, work in a notebook. Making a drawing of an object in the required number of views using a local view located in a projection connection.
	Drawing up drawings from disparate images.		Methodological Lesson	Solving problems in a workbook. Card work. Ability to work in groups. Performing a drawing and solving problems for drawing up a drawing from disparate views.
	Practical work No. 3 on the topic "Modeling according to the drawing."		Methodological Lesson	Production according to the drawing of models from wire, paper, cardboard, plastic and other materials»
	3. Axonometric projections. Technical drawing. (4 hours)
	Construction of axonometric projections.		Methodological Lesson	Participation in a conversation. Construction of axes of frontal dimetric and isometric projections. Fixing the ground rules. Work in a notebook.
	Oblique frontal dimetric and rectangular projections.		Methodological Lesson	Execution of a test task. Viewing a presentation. Building an isometric projection of a prism
	Axonometric projections of objects with round surfaces.		Methodological Lesson	Participation in a conversation. Building an isometric projection of a part with a cylindrical hole - work in a notebook..
	Intermediate test. Technical drawing.		reflection lesson	Participation in a conversation. Viewing a presentation. Performing a technical drawing from nature
4. Reading and execution of drawings (15 hours).
	Analysis of the geometric shape of an object.		Lesson in the formation of new knowledge	Participation in conversation by repetition. Performing practical work, work in notebooks. Reading and drawing a group of geometric bodies. Construction of a sweep of a geometric body of your choice.
	Drawings and axonometric projections of geometric bodies.		Methodological Lesson	Participation in conversation by repetition. Performing practical work, work in notebooks. Solving entertaining problems
	Solving fun problems.		Methodological Lesson	Participation in a conversation. Performing individual practical work.
	Projections of vertices, edges and faces of an object. Graphic work No. 4 on this topic " Drawings and axonometric projections of objects.			Participation in a conversation, work in groups, performing graphic work, drawing and axonometric projection of an object with the selection of the projection of points, segments, faces, edges, vertices on an A4 sheet.
	The order of construction of images in the drawings.		Methodological Lesson	Participation in a conversation. Work on the board and notebooks. Execution of a detail drawing in three views (frontally) with the choice of a rational sequence of actions that form the process of constructing object views. Analysis of the work performed.
	Construction of cutouts on geometric bodies.		Lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge	Participation in a conversation. Work on the board and notebooks. Performing a graphic exercise. Making a drawing of a geometric body with the removal of its part (with a cut or with a cut) according to the markup.
	Building a third view based on two given views.		Methodological Lesson	Participation in the conversation, work on tables and textbooks, practical work. Performing a drawing of a part in three views according to two given views (front and top, front and left, top and left).
	Graphic work No. 5 on this topic " Construction of the third projection from two data”.		Lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge	Execution of a test task. Performance of individual graphic works. Construction of the third type of training model of the part according to two data on an A4 sheet.
	Dimensioning according to the shape of an object.		Methodological Lesson	Participation in a conversation. Presentation display. Performing practical work. Dimensioning according to the shape of an object.
	Geometric constructions required when making drawings.			Conversation, work on the table, performing graphic work in a notebook. Pairing exercise. Construction of a drawing of a "flat" part using mates.
	Graphic work No. 6 on the topic " Detail drawing (using geometric constructions, including mates)"		Lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge	Card work. View a multimedia presentation on the topic of the lesson. Building a drawing. Making a drawing of a “flat” part using geometric constructions (including mates) on an A4 sheet.
	Drawings of unfolded surfaces of geometric bodies.		Lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge	Participation in conversation by repetition. Performing practical work, work in notebooks. front poll. Performing sweeps of surfaces of geometric bodies.
	Control testing Reading order of part drawings.		Lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge	Book work. Performing control testing, practical work. Oral reading of drawings. Solving entertaining problems (including those with design elements).
	Practical work No. 7 on the topic “ Oral reading of drawings.		Methodological Lesson	Work in pairs with handouts. Review of previously learned topics. Oral reading of drawings. Solving entertaining problems with creative content (with design elements).
	Graphic work No. 8 on the topic " A drawing of an object in three forms with the transformation of its shape.		Methodological Lesson	Individual work, performing graphic work. Making a drawing of an object in three views with the transformation of its shape (by removing part of the object).
	5. Sketches (3 hours).
	Sketches. Graphic Work No. 9 on the topic "Implementation of a sketch and technical drawing of a part."		Methodological Lesson	Testing, work on posters, practical work on A4 format. Making a sketch of a part from nature or according to a visual image in the required number of views and a technical drawing of the same part.
	Graphic work number 10 on the topic " Sketches of parts with the inclusion of design elements.		Methodological Lesson	Testing, work on posters, practical work on A4 format. Making sketches of the part in the required number of views with the inclusion of design elements (with the transformation of the shape of the object).
	Graphic work No. 11 on the topic “ Making a drawing of an object.		Lesson of generalization and systematization of knowledge	Work on cards, practical work on A4 format with design elements. Making a drawing of an object according to an axonometric projection or from nature in the required number of views (images).

List of educational and methodological support.

Methodical literature:

For the teacher

1. A.D. Botvinnikov, V.N. Vinogradov, I.S. Vyshnepolsky "Drafting": A textbook for grades 7-8 of educational institutions. M .: LLC "Publishing house Asterel", 2001.

2. D.M.Borisov "Drafting". Tutorial for students pedagogical institutes by specialty. M.: Enlightenment, 1987, with changes.

3. E.A. Vasilenko “Methods of teaching drawing”. Textbook for students and pupils. - M .: Education, 1990.

4. N.G. Preobrazhenskaya "Drafting": A textbook for students of educational institutions - M .: Ventana - Graf, 2004.

6. N.V. Mantsvetova, D.Yu.Maints, K.Ya.Galichenko, K.Klyashevich “Projective drawing with tasks”. Textbook for technical special universities. - M .: Higher school, 1978.

7. V.A. Gerver "Creative tasks in drawing". - M .: Education, 1991.

For students

1. Botvinnikov A.D., Vinogradov V.N., Vyshnepolsky I.S. Drawing: A textbook for grades 7-8 of educational institutions. M .: LLC "Publishing house Asterel", 2007.

2. N.G. Preobrazhenskaya "Drafting": textbook for grade 9, 2010.

3. I.A. Vorotnikov "Entertaining drawing". A book for high school students. – M.: Enlightenment. 1990.

4. M.M. Seliverstov, A.I. Aidinov, A.B. Kolosov "Drawing". Trial textbook for students in grades 7-8. - M.: Enlightenment, 1991.

5. N.A. Gordienko "Drafting": A textbook for 9 classes of educational institutions. - M .: LLC "Publishing House AST", 2001.

6. V.A.Gerver “Creative tasks in drawing”. - M .: Education, 1991.

7. Dictionary - a guide to drawing: A book for students. V. N. Vinogradov, E. A. Vasilenko and others - M .: Education, 1993.

8. Cards-tasks for drawing for 8 classes. E. A. Vasilenko, E. T. Zhukova, Yu. F. Katkhanova, A. L. Tereshchenko. - M .: Education, 1990.

Study tables:

M.N. Makarova “Drawing tables”, grade 7: A guide for teachers. - M .: Education, 1987.

Tools, accessories and materials for drawing

1) Textbook "Drawing";

2) A4 checkered notebook without borders;

3) Drawing paper, thick, unlined

A4 format

4) Millimeter paper;

5) Tracing paper;

6) School cooking

(circular compass, marking compass);

7) Wooden ruler 30 cm;

8) Drawing squares with corners:

a) 90, 45, 45 degrees;

b) 90, 30, 60 - degrees.

9) Reisshin;

10) Protractor;

11) Stencils for drawing circles and ellipses;

12) Simple pencils - "T" ("H"), "TM" ("HB"), "M" ("B");

13) Pencil eraser (soft);

14) Tool for sharpening a pencil.

The program contains the planned learning outcomes, a list of the amount of required theoretical knowledge in the subject, thematic planning, a list of teaching materials for teachers and teaching materials for students, as well as a list of graphic and practical work.

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Work program on the subject "Drawing".

Teacher: Shuvalova O.V.

1. Explanatory note

The work program for "Drawing" for grades 8-9 is based on the Federal component state standard general education, general education programs taking into account the requirements of the standards of the second generation of the Federal State Educational Standard. The course is aimed at achieving the following goals that ensure the implementation of a personality-oriented, communicative, activity-based approach to teaching drawing:

• Development of innovative creative activity in the process of solving applied problems
• Mastering the means and forms of graphic display of objects and processes, the rules for the implementation of graphic documentation.
• Mastering the methods of design activities, solving creative problems, modeling, designing.
• Introducing students to graphic culture - a set of achievements of mankind in the field of mastering graphic ways of transmitting information.
• Formation of skills to establish the relationship of knowledge in different subjects to solve applied educational problems
• Formation of ideas about the world of professions related to the studied technologies and their demand in the labor market.

Program structure.

The program contains a list of the amount of required theoretical knowledge in the subject, thematic planning, a list of teaching materials for teachers and teaching materials for students, as well as a list of graphic and practical work.

1. General characteristics of the subject

priority goal school drawing course is a general system for the development of thinking, spatial representations and graphic literacy of students. The school drawing course helps schoolchildren to master one of the means of knowing the world around them; is of great importance for the general and polytechnic education of students; introduces schoolchildren to the elements of engineering and technical knowledge in the field of technology and technology of modern production; promotes the development of technical thinking, cognitive abilities of students. In addition, drawing classes have a great influence on the education of schoolchildren of independence and observation, accuracy and accuracy in work, which are the most important elements of a general culture of work; favorably influence the formation of the aesthetic taste of students, which contributes to the solution of the problems of their aesthetic education.

The main task drawing course - the formation of students of technical thinking, spatial representations, as well as the ability to learn technology with the help of graphic images. The task of developing cognitive interest should be considered in drawing as an incentive to intensify the student's activity, as an effective tool that allows the teacher to make the learning process interesting, attractive, highlighting those aspects in it that can attract the student's attention.

The tasks of polytechnic training include familiarizing students with the basics of production, developing design abilities, studying the role of drawing in modern production, establishing a logical connection between drawing and other subjects of the polytechnic cycle, which is expressed, in particular, in increasing the demands on the quality of schoolchildren's graphic works in mathematics lessons, physics, chemistry, technology. As a result, the overall graphic literacy of students will be improved. The task of teaching drawing also includes preparing students for independent work with reference and special literature to solve emerging problems.

Drawing as an academic subject is in many ways specific and differs significantly from other school disciplines. For this reason, the set of methods for teaching drawing differs from the methods for teaching other subjects. However, the individual teaching methods used in drawing are not special methods. In the study of the course of drawing, the following are used methods : story, explanation, conversation, lectures, observation, modeling and design, graphic work, work with a textbook and reference material

1. Place in the curriculum

The federal basic curriculum for educational institutions of the Russian Federation provides for the study of "Drafting" in the 8th (9th) grade - 34 hours. This program is designed for 68 hours of study (34 hours in grade 8 and 34 hours in grade 9, 1 hour per week).

1. Planned learning outcomes.

Personal Outcomesreflect the readiness and ability of students for self-development, value-semantic attitudes and personal qualities; the formation of the foundations of Russian, civic identity:

• Patriotism, love and respect for the Fatherland, a sense of pride in their homeland, the past and present of the peoples of Russia
• Awareness of one's ethnicity, knowledge of the culture of one's people; assimilation of humanistic, traditional values ​​of the multinational Russian society
• Readiness and ability of students for self-development and personal self-determination based on motivation for learning and cognition
• The readiness and ability of students to form value-semantic attitudes: the formation of a conscious, respectful and benevolent attitude towards another person, his opinion and worldview, the formation of communicative competence in communication and cooperation with peers and adults in the process of educational and creative activities.
• Ability to resolve conflicts, formulate, argue and defend one's opinion

Metasubject Resultsmastering the main educational program "Drafting" should reflect:

• The ability to independently determine the goals of their learning, set and formulate new tasks in learning
• Ability to independently plan ways to achieve goals, including alternative ones
• The ability to define concepts, create generalizations, establish analogies, classify, independently choose the grounds and criteria for classification, build logical reasoning, draw conclusions
• The ability to correlate their actions with the planned results, adjust their actions in accordance with the changing task
• The ability to evaluate the correctness of the implementation of the educational task
• Ability to create, apply and transform signs and symbols
• Possession of the basics of self-control and self-esteem
• Ability to formulate, argue and defend one's opinion
• Development of visual memory, associative, visual-spatial thinking
• Formation of a persistent interest in creative activity with design elements based on ICT

The subject result of a graduate of the 8th (9th) class:

1. Students should know:

• about the history of the origin of the graphic language and the main stages in the development of the drawing;
• on the use of computers and copying equipment in the creation and production of design documentation;
• about the shape of objects and geometric bodies (composition, dimensions, proportions) and the position of objects in space;
• about the types of products, structural elements of parts and components of the assembly unit;
• about the rules for drawing up drawings;
• about projection methods;
• about the types of connections;
• about drawings for various purposes.

2. By the end of grade 8 (9), students should master the following skills and abilities:

• use drawing tools correctly;
• perform geometric constructions;
• observe and analyze the shape of simple objects;
• perform technical drawing;
• carry out technical drawings of a simple form, choosing the required number of types, in accordance with GOST ESKD;
• read drawings of simple products;
• to carry out the transformation of a simple geometric shape of the part with the subsequent execution of the drawing of the modified part;
• change the position of an object in space relative to the coordinate axes;
• apply the acquired knowledge in solving problems with creative content.

Grade 8 -34 hours

region	Subject content	Basic student activities
Introductory lesson. Subject drawing	Graphic language and its role in the transfer of information about the objective world. Drawing as the main graphic document. Tools, accessories and materials. Workplace organization. Concepts about standards Format, Frame, Scale.	Students should know: The history of the drawing. The history of the development of the drawing and its role in people's lives. Data content in a modern drawing. Basic material and tools. Familiarization with sample images, drawing tools and accessories
Drawing rules	Drawing rules. Formats. Frame. Main inscription. Drawing lines. Drawing font. Dimensions. Scales.	Frame drawing rules and sheet composition. Students should be able to: prepare a sheet for building a drawing. Know: format, lines, scale, title block. GOST, ESKD, methods of working with drawing tools; Types of font, font sizes, letters, numbers and symbols in the drawings The main features of the drawing font. Basic information about sizing. Extension and dimension lines, arrows, signs of diameter, radius. To be able to make a drawing of a flat part with a change in scale, apply dimensions.
Geometric constructions on the plane	Division of a circle into equal parts. Pairings.	Students should be able to divide a circle into 3,4,5,6,7,9,12 parts. Build a conjugation of right, obtuse and acute angles, a straight circle and an arc, conjugation of circles. Must be able to perform a drawing using graphic operations (dividing a circle, building mates)
Projection methods 12 hours	Central, parallel, orthogonal projection. The concept of "Axonometric projections". Oblique frontal dimetric and rectangular isometric projections. Axes direction, distortion indicators, dimensioning. Axonometric projections of flat and three-dimensional figures. Ellipse as a projection of a circle. Technical drawings and axonometric projections of objects. The choice of the type of axonometric projection and the rational way of its construction.	Students should know: ways of projecting objects, drawing rules, rules for constructing drawing views. Methods for constructing a rectangular isometric projection and an oblique dimetric projection. Students should be able to: According to the axonometric projection of the object, build a complex drawing.Performing images of objects on one, two and three mutually perpendicular projection planes. Select the required number of types. Draw up the drawing correctly. Build axonometric projections of basic geometric shapes.
Reading and executing part drawings 11h	Analysis of the geometric shape of objects. Projections of geometric bodies. Projections of vertices, edges, faces of an object. Making part drawings with shape transformation. Solving creative problems. Oral reading of drawings.	Know: the names of geometric bodies, the rules for applying dimensions, taking into account the shape of the object, symbols, the algorithm for reading drawings, the rules for sketching Be able to: mentally divide objects into geometric bodies (prisms, cylinders, cones, pyramids, a ball, and their parts); carry out a drawing of a group of geometric bodies, build a sweep of some geometric bodies. To be able to find in the drawing the vertices, edges that form and the surfaces of the bodies that make up the shape of the object.

Grade 9 - 34 hours

region	Subject content	Basic student activities
	Repetition of material on the topics: "Rectangular projection" and "Axonometric projections".	Construction of an object in three main projections.
Sections and cuts 14h	Cuts and sections. Similarities and differences. Sections, Rules for constructing remote sections. Section designations. Cuts. Simple cuts (frontal, horizontal, profile). A combination of half view and half section. Local cuts. Sections (cutouts) on axonometric projections. Conventions and simplifications in the drawings.	Students should know: Rules for constructing sections and cuts. Their differences from each other. Know the classification of sections and cuts. Rules for constructing cutouts. Students should be able to: Determine the need to build a section on a given view of the drawing. Build cuts. Build sections. Be able to explain the correctness of their actions. Be able to build a part with a cutout of ¼ of the part. When constructing drawings containing sections and cuts, be able to apply conventions and simplifications.
assembly drawings 14h	General information about the connections of parts. Thread designation. Threaded connections (bolted, stud, screw). Keyed connection. The concept of detail. Reading assembly drawings. Specification. Design elements.	Students should know: Types of connections of parts, types of threads, designation of threads in the drawing, rules for drawing up and reading assembly drawings. Students should be able to: Perform drawings of parts with threads. Make drawings of threaded connections. Read assembly drawing. Perform assembly drawings. Perform creative tasks with design elements (designing individual parts for products)
Construction drawings	The main features of construction drawings. Graphic representations of elements of buildings and details of internal equipment.	Students should know: Rules for reading construction drawings. Graphic representations of elements of buildings and details of internal equipment. Students should be able to:

Thematic planning Grade 8 34 hours.

Chapter	Subject	clock	Lesson Status
Introduction 1h	Introduction. From the history of the development of the drawing
Rules for drawing up drawings 6 hours	Drawing rules. Formats. Frame. Main inscription.		Practical work
	Drawing lines.		Practical work
	Drawing font. Capital letters		Practical work
	Drawing font. Lower case. Numbers		Practical work
	Flat part drawing		Practical work
	Dimensioning a drawing		Practical work
Geometric constructions on the plane 4h	Dividing a circle into equal parts		Practical work
	Pairings		Practical work
	Pairings		Practical work
	Detail drawing using geometric constructions		Independent work
Projection methods 12 h	Projection methods
	Performing images on one, two and three mutually perpendicular projection planes.		Practical work
	Location of views on the drawing. local views.
	Projection onto three projection planes. Kinds.		Practical work
			Independent work
	Building missing projections		Independent work
	Axonometric projections of plane figures		Practical work
	Axonometric projections of flat-faced objects.		Practical work
	Building an oval		Practical work
	Axonometric projections of objects with round surfaces.		Practical work
	Axonometric projection		Independent work
	technical drawing		Practical work
Reading and doing blueprints 11 h	Analysis of the geometric shape of an object. Projections of geometric bodies		Practical work
			Practical work
	Drawing of a group of geometric bodies		Independent work
	Projections of vertices, edges and faces of an object
	Applying dimensions based on the shape of an object		Independent work
	Making a drawing of an object in 3 views with the transformation of its shape		Practical work
	Oral reading of drawings
	Sketch and technical drawing of the item		Practical work
	Drawings and axonometric projections of objects		test
			Independent work
	Making drawings of objects with the transformation of the spatial position of objects or their parts		Independent work

Thematic planning Grade 9 - 34 hours

Chapter	Subject	clock	Lesson Status
Summarizing information about projection methods	Summarizing information about projection methods		Practical work
	Making a drawing of a part according to a visual image		Independent work
	Construction of the third projection from two data		Independent work
Sections and cuts 14h	The concept of a section. Superimposed Sections
	Detailed Sections		Practical work
	Sections		Independent work
	Cuts. local cut
	Frontal cut		Practical work
	Profile cut		Practical work
	horizontal section		Practical work
	Simple cuts		Independent work
	Construction of a drawing using appropriate cuts		Independent work
	Joining a View Part and a Section Part
			Practical work
	Sections in axonometric projections		Independent work
	Determination of the necessary and sufficient number of images in the drawings.
	Reading and executing drawings containing conventions		Practical work
assembly drawings 14h	General information about the connections of parts. Thread designation
	Working with standards. Bolt blueprint		Practical work
	Bolted connection drawing		Practical work
	Bolted connection drawing		Independent work
	Pin connection drawing		Practical work
	Pin connection drawing		Independent work
	Key connection drawing		Practical work
	Threaded connection drawing		Independent work
	Algorithm for reading assembly drawings		Practical work
	The process of creating sketches of parts from assembly drawings		Practical work
	Detailing the assembly drawing of the product		Independent work
	Assembly drawing		Test
			Practical work
	Solving creative problems with design elements		Practical work
Construction drawings	The main features of construction drawings.
	Rules for reading construction drawings		Practical work
	Reading a construction drawing		Independent work

The drawing program for grades 8-9 was created on the basis of the federal component of the state standard for basic general education and the author's program for drawing by V.V. Stepakova - M.: Education, 2008. The program details and reveals the content of the standard, determines the overall strategy for teaching, educating and developing students by means of a subject in accordance with the goals of studying drawing, which are defined by the standard.

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1. Explanatory note

The drawing program for grades 8-9 was created on the basis of the federal component of the state standard for basic general education and the author's program for drawing by V.V. Stepakova -M.: Enlightenment, 2008. The program details and reveals the content of the standard, determines the general strategy for teaching, educating and developing students by means of the subject in accordance with the goals of studying drawing, which are defined by the standard.

The implementation of the work program is carried out using the educational and methodological kit: Botvinnikov A.D., Vinogradov V.N., Vyshnepolsky I.S. Drawing: Textbook for 7-8 cells. – M.: AST: Astrel, 2008

The program is designed for 68 teaching hours (34 hours in grade 8 and 34 hours in grade 9, 1 hour per week).

Modern graphic education implies good training in the field of fine arts, drawing, descriptive geometry, technology, and other academic disciplines, as well as knowledge of computer graphics programs. Graphic language is considered as the language of business communication, accepted in science, technology, art, containing geometric, aesthetic, technical and technological information.

A huge role in teaching OU students is played by the development of figurative-spatial thinking, which is formed mainly during the assimilation of knowledge and skills in drawing lessons, and often it is its insufficient development that prevents the full development of the creative abilities of schoolchildren, because. the main part of the learned educational material of school subjects is presented in verbal form.

The study of graphic literacy is necessary in schools, because. it is required to train personnel for enterprises in technical specialties, and there are a number of faculties in universities and colleges for the development of graphic disciplines which must be preceded by initial training in schools.

The proposed course will allow schoolchildren to deepen and expand their knowledge in the field of graphic disciplines, as well as better adapt to the system of higher education and modern production, master a more complex university program faster and better, and increase the creative potential of design solutions.

The work program reflects the goals and objectives of studying drawing at these levels of education. It also lays down the possibilities of the formation of general educational skills and abilities, universal methods of activity and key competencies provided by the standard for students. The principles for selecting the main and additional content are related to the continuity of the goals of education at various levels and levels of education, the logic of intra-subject relationships, as well as the age characteristics of the development of students.

1. Regulatory documents that ensure the implementation of the program

1. Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development Russian Federation dated August 26, 2010 No. 761n “On approval of the Unified Qualification Handbook for the Positions of Managers, Specialists and Employees”.

2. Letter of the Service for Control and Supervision in the Sphere of Education of the Irkutsk Region “On Work Programs” dated April 15, 2011 No. 75-37-0541/11.

3. Regulations on work programs in the subjects of the municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 17"

1. Course objectives

The purpose of teaching drawing is to familiarize schoolchildren with graphic culture, as well as the formation and development of schoolchildren's thinking and the creative potential of the individual.

The purpose of teaching the subject is specified in the main objectives:

• form knowledge about the basics of rectangular projection on one, two and three projection planes, about the methods of constructing images on drawings (sketches), as well as methods for constructing a rectangular isometric projection and technical drawings;
• teach schoolchildren to read and carry out simple drawings, sketches; axonometric projections, technical drawings of parts for various purposes;
• develop static and dynamic spatial representations, figurative thinking based on the analysis of the shape of objects and its design features, mental reconstruction of spatial images of objects from projection images, verbal description, etc.; learn how to use learning materials on their own;
• bring up industriousness, thrift, accuracy, purposefulness, enterprise, responsibility for the results of their activities, respect for people of various professions and the results of their work;
• get experience in applying polytechnical, technological knowledge and skills in independent practical activities.

The work program provides for the formation of students' general educational skills, universal methods of activity and key competencies. At the same time, the priority types of general educational activities for all areas of the educational field "Technology" at the stage of basic general education are:

• determination of adequate methods for solving a learning problem based on given algorithms. Combining known activity algorithms in situations that do not involve the standard use of one of them;
• creative solution of educational and practical problems: the ability to motivately refuse a model, look for original solutions; independent performance of various creative works; participation in project activities;
• giving examples, selecting arguments, formulating conclusions. Reflection in oral or written form of the results of their activities;
• the ability to paraphrase a thought (explain in other words). Selection and use of expressive means of language and sign systems (text, table, diagram, drawing, technological map, etc.) in accordance with the communicative task, scope and situation of communication;
• the use of various sources of information for solving cognitive and communicative problems, including encyclopedias, dictionaries, Internet resources and other databases;
• possession of the skills of joint activities: coordination and coordination of activities with its other participants; objective assessment of one's contribution to solving the common tasks of the team;
• evaluation of their activities in terms of moral, legal norms, aesthetic values.

COMPETENCES

Basic requirements for knowledge and skills of 8th grade students

Students should know:

• rules for the execution of drawings in accordance with the basic standards of ESKD and techniques for basic geometric constructions;
• the basics of rectangular projection onto one, two and three mutually perpendicular planes and have an idea of ​​how to construct simple axonometric images;
• basic rules for the execution and designation of sections, as well as their purpose.

Students should be able to:

• rational use of drawing tools;
• analyze the shape of objects in nature and according to their drawings;
• analyze the graphic composition of images;
• read and execute drawings, sketches and visual images of objects;
• select the required number of views in the drawings;
• carry out simple transformations of the shape and spatial position of objects and their parts;
• apply graphic knowledge in a new situation when solving problems with creative content.

Basic requirements for knowledge and skills of 9th grade students

Students should know:

• basic rules for performing and designating simple and complex cuts;
• image conventions and thread designations;
• methods for constructing developments of transformed geometric bodies;
• methods of auxiliary cutting planes.

Students should be aware of:

• about images of connections of parts;
• about the features of the execution of construction drawings.

Students should be able to:

• make the necessary cuts;
• correctly determine the required number of images;
• perform drawings and axonometric projections of geometric bodies with

transformation;

• make drawings of threaded connections of parts;
• read and detail drawings of objects consisting of 5-7 parts;
• read simple construction drawings;
• use the state standards of the ESKD, reference literature and a textbook;
• apply the acquired knowledge in solving problems with creative content (including design elements).

Main intersubject communicationsare carried out with the lessons of geometry, technology, information technologies, fine arts, physics.

The educational tasks of the year provide for the development of skills in working with a pencil, compass and other tools and accessories.

1. Course structure

	Module (CHAPTER)	Approximate number of hours
8th grade
	Drawing rules
	Geometric constructions on the plane
	Projection methods
	Reading and executing drawings of items
Grade 9
	Sections and cuts
	Determining the required number of images
	assembly drawings
	Reading construction drawings

1. Program implementation control

Criteria for assessing oral individual and frontal responses

1. Participation activity.
2. The ability of the interlocutor to feel the essence of the issue.
3. Sincerity of answers, their development, figurativeness, reasoning.
4. Independence.
5. Originality of opinions.

Criteria and evaluation system for graphic work

1. Accuracy of graphic work;
2. Composition, layout on the sheet.
3. Correct execution

Criteria and system for evaluating practical work

1. Correct execution;
2. Independence;
3. Clarity of execution, composition.

Forms of control of the level of learning

1. Quizzes
2. Crosswords
3. Testing
4. Solving fun problems.

Evaluation of student work.For oral answers and graphic (practical) work, students are graded on a five-point system. For graphic works, it is recommended to give two grades, differentially reflecting the correctness of execution and the quality of the graphic design of the drawing. This criterion is convenient for the teacher and understandable for the students.

Mark "5" : the answer is complete and correct based on the theories studied; the material is presented in a certain logical sequence, literary language: the answer is independent. Mark "4" : the answer is complete and correct based on the theories studied; the material is presented in a certain logical sequence, while two or three minor errors were made, corrected at the request of the teacher. Mark "3" : the answer is complete, but a significant error was made, or incomplete, incoherent. Mark "2" : when answering, it was found that the student did not understand the main content of the educational material or significant errors were made that the student could not correct with leading questions from the teacher.

1. Calendar-thematic plan

8th grade

lesson number	Lesson topic	Qty hours	Timing	Note
	Introduction. The subject of study is drawing.
	Drawing rules.
	Graphic work No. 1 "Drawing lines"
	Drawing font information
	Drawing font information
	Dimensioning Information
	Graphic work No. 2 "Drawing of a flat part"
	Dividing a circle into equal parts
	Pairings
	Pairings
	Graphic work No. 3 "Drawing of a part using geometric constructions"
	Projection methods
	Projecting a part onto three projection planes
	Location of views on the drawing. local views.
	Graphic work No. 4 "Construction of three projections of the object."
	Obtaining and construction of axonometric projections.
	Axonometric projections of flat-faced objects.
	Axonometric projections of objects with round surfaces.
	Technical drawing.
	Graphic work No. 5 "Technical drawing".
	Analysis of the geometric shape of an object. Projections of geometric bodies.
	Drawings of unfolded surfaces of geometric bodies.
	Graphic work No. 6 "Construction of the third projection according to two data."
	Dimensioning according to the shape of an object.
	Graphic work No. 7 "Drawings and axonometric projections of objects."
	Reading order of part drawings.
	Practical work "Oral reading of drawings".
	Graphic work No. 8 "Performing a drawing of an object with the transformation of its shape."
	Detail sketches.
	Graphic work No. 9 "Sketch and technical drawing of the subject."
	Graphic work No. 10 "Implementation of the drawing of the subject"

Grade 9

lesson number	Lesson topic	Qty hours	Timing	Note
	Summarizing information about projection methods
	The concept of a section. Superimposed sections.
	Rigid sections.
	Graphic work No. 1 "Sections".
	Cuts. Purpose, rules for making cuts.
	Simple cuts. Frontal cut.
	Profile cut.
	Horizontal cut.
	Graphic work No. 2 "Simple cuts".
	Connection of a part of a view and a part of a section.
	Sections in axonometric projections.
	Graphic work No. 3 "Drawing of a part using a cut"
	Selecting the number of images and the main image
	Conventions and simplifications in the drawings
	Graphic work No. 4 "Oral reading of drawings."
	General information about the connections of parts.
	Image and thread designation.
	Image of bolted and studded connections.
	Graphic work No. 5 "Drawing of a threaded connection."
	Keyed and pin connections.
	General information about assembly drawings of products.
	Sections on assembly drawings.
	Order of reading assembly drawings. Conventions and simplifications on assembly drawings.
	Practical work "Reading assembly drawings"
	The concept of detail.
	Graphic work No. 6 "Detailing"
	Graphic work No. 7 "Design"
	The main features of construction drawings.
	Conditional images on construction drawings
	Rules for reading construction drawings.
	Practical work "Reading a construction drawing"
	Control graphic work

8th grade

(34 hours, 1 hour per week)

DRAWING RULES (7 hours)

The value of drawing in the practical activities of people. Brief information about the history of drawing. Modern methods for making drawings using computer programs. Goals and objectives of studying drawing at school. Tools, accessories and materials for making drawings. Rational methods of working with tools. Workplace organization.

The concept of standards. Drawing lines. Formats. Some information about dimensioning drawings(extension and dimension lines, arrows, signs of diameter and radius; indication of the thickness and length of the part with an inscription; arrangement of dimension numbers). Application and designation of the scale. Information about the drawing font.Letters, numbers and signs in the drawings.

GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTIONS (4 hours)

Conjugations (conjugation of right, acute and obtuse angles, conjugation of a straight line and a circle, conjugation of arcs and circles external and internal). Dividing a circle into equal parts (dividing a circle into 3, 5, 6, 7, 12 parts)

PROJECTION METHODS (9 hours)

Projection. Central and parallel projection. Rectangular projections. Performing images of objects on one, two and three mutually perpendicular projection planes.

The location of the views in the drawing and their names: front view, top view, left view. Determination of the necessary and sufficient number of views in the drawings. The concept of local views (located in a projection relationship). Oblique frontal dimetric and rectangular isometric projections. Axes direction, distortion indicators, dimensioning.Axonometric projections of flat and three-dimensional figures. Ellipse as a projection of a circle. Building an oval.The concept of technical drawing. Technical drawings and axonometric projections of objects. The choice of the type - an axonometric projection and a rational way of its construction.

READING AND IMPLEMENTING DRAWINGS OF DETAILS (14 hours)

Analysis of the geometric shape of objects. Projections of geometric bodies. Mental division of an object into geometric bodies - prisms, cylinders, cones, pyramids, a ball and their parts. Drawings of a group of geometric bodies.

Finding in the drawing the vertices, edges, generatrices and surfaces of the bodies that make up the shape of the object. Applying dimensions on drawings, taking into account the shape of objects. Use of the square sign. Deployment of surfaces of some bodies.Analysis of the graphic composition of images. Making drawings of objects using geometric constructions: dividing a segment, circle and angle into equal parts; conjugations.Reading part drawings.

Making a sketch of the part (from nature).Solving graphic problems, including creative ones. Determination of the necessary and sufficient number of images in the drawings. Selecting the main image.Reading and executing drawings containing conventions.Solving graphic problems, including creative ones.

Grade 9

(34 hours, 1 hour per week)

SECTIONS AND SECTIONS (13h)

Repetition of material on the topics: "Rectangular projection" and "Axonometric projections".

Sections. Rules for performing superimposed and extended sections. Section designation. Graphic representation of materials on sections. Making sections of objects.

Cuts. Differences between cuts and sections. Simple cuts (horizontal, frontal and profile). Connections of a view part with a section part. Designation of cuts. Local cuts. Special cases incisions. Complex cuts (stepped and broken). Application of cuts in axonometric projections.

Determination of the required number of images (3 hours)

Select the number of images and the main image. Conventions and simplifications in the drawings

ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS (13 hours)

Drawings of typical connections of parts.General concepts about the connection of parts. Detachable connections of parts: bolted, hairpin, screw, key and pin. Familiarization with the conventions of the image and designation on the drawings of permanent joints (welded, soldered, adhesive). The image of the thread on the rod and in the hole. Metric thread designation. Simplified representation of threaded connections.Work with standards and reference materials. Reading drawings containing an image of the studied connections of parts.Execution of drawings of threaded connections.

Assembly drawings of products.Generalization and systematization of knowledge about assembly drawings (specification, item numbers, etc.) acquired by students in the process of labor training.Images on assembly drawings.

Some conventions and simplifications on assembly drawings. Hatching of sections of adjacent parts. Dimensions on assembly drawings.Reading assembly drawings. Detailing. Implementation of the simplest assembly drawings, including those with design elements.

READING CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS (5 hours)

The concept of architectural and construction drawings, their purpose. Differences between construction drawings and engineering drawings.facades. Plans. Cuts. Scales.Dimensions on construction drawings.Conditional images of door and window openings, sanitary equipment.Reading simple construction drawings. Handbook work.

7 . List of practical work in grade 8

	SUBJECT
	Drawing lines.
	Drawing of a "flat" part.
	Detail drawing using geometric constructions
	Construction of three projections of an object
	technical drawing
	Construction of the third projection from two data
	Drawings and axonometric projections of objects
	Making a drawing of an object in 3 views with the transformation of its shape
	Sketch and technical drawing of the item
	Making an item drawing
	Threaded connection drawing
	Reading assembly drawings
	Detailing
	Construction
	Reading a construction drawing

9. Educational and methodological support of the course

1. Author's program on Drawing / author-compiler Stepakova V.V. - M. Enlightenment, 2008
2. Botvinnikov A.D. Drawing: Textbook for general education. institutions / A.D. Botvinnikov, V.N. Vinogradov, I.S. Vyshnepolsky - 4th ed., revised. -M.: AST: Astrel, 2008
3. Methodical manual on drawing for the textbook by A. D. Botvinnikov and others. “Drawing” / A. D. Botvinnikov, V. N. Vinogradov, I. S. Vyshnepolsky and others - M .: AST Publishing House LLC, 2006
4. Drawing: Drawings of typical connections of parts: Workbook No. 7 - 2nd revised edition - M .: Venda-Graf, 2005
5. Drawing: Axonometric projections: Workbook No. 4 - 2nd edition revised and enlarged - M .: Venda-Graf, 2007
6. Drawing: Textbook for educational institutions / Edited by Professor N.G. Preobrazhenskaya - M.: Venda-Graf, 2006

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1 Municipal educational institution "Secondary school of Balabanovo" pedagogical council MOU "Secondary School of Balabanovo" "I approve" Director of the MOU "Secondary School of Balabanovo" Knyazeva L. R. Protocol from the city of Order from the city of WORKING PROGRAM ON THE SUBJECT "DRAWING" Grade 9 (FSES) academic year Developer of the program: teacher of drawing MOU "Secondary School of Balabanovo" Mitrofanov V.A. Balabanovo 206

2 Work program for drawing Grade 9 (year of study -35 hours) Explanatory note. Section I. Explanatory note. Document status This drawing program for grade 9 was created on the basis of the federal component of the state standard for basic general education and the program of educational institutions "Drawing", authors: A.D. Botvinnikov, I.S. Vinogradov V.N., Vyshnepolsky I.S. Moscow 204. The program details and reveals the content of the standard, determines the general strategy for teaching, educating and developing students by means of a subject in accordance with the goals of studying drawing, which are defined by the standard. Structure of the document The working program for drawing is a complete document that includes six sections: an explanatory note; educational and thematic plan; the content of the topics of the training course; requirements for the level of training of students; list of educational and methodological support, calendar and thematic planning. General characteristics of the subject The priority goal of the school drawing course is a general system for the development of thinking, spatial representations and graphic literacy of students. The school drawing course helps schoolchildren to master one of the means of knowing the world around them; is of great importance for the general and polytechnic education of students; introduces schoolchildren to the elements of engineering and technical knowledge in the field of technology and technology of modern production; promotes the development of technical thinking, cognitive abilities of students. In addition, drawing classes have a great influence on the education of schoolchildren of independence and observation, accuracy and accuracy in work, which are the most important elements of a general culture of work; favorably influence the formation of the aesthetic taste of students, which contributes to the solution of the problems of their aesthetic education. The main objective of the drawing course is the formation of students of technical thinking, spatial representations, as well as the ability to learn technology with the help of graphic images. The task of developing cognitive interest should be considered in drawing as a stimulus for the revitalization of the student's activity, as an effective tool that allows the teacher to

3 to make the learning process interesting, attractive, highlighting those aspects in it that can attract the attention of the student. The tasks of polytechnic training include familiarizing students with the basics of production, developing design abilities, studying the role of drawing in modern production, establishing a logical connection between drawing and other subjects of the polytechnic cycle, which is expressed, in particular, in increasing the demands on the quality of schoolchildren's graphic works in mathematics lessons, physics, chemistry, labor. As a result, the overall graphic literacy of students will be improved. The task of teaching drawing also includes preparing students for independent work with reference and special literature to solve emerging problems. Drawing as an academic subject is in many ways specific and differs significantly from other school disciplines. For this reason, the set of methods for teaching drawing differs from the methods for teaching other subjects. However, the individual teaching methods used in drawing are not special methods. They are a modification of the general teaching methods. The following methods are used in studying the drawing course: Storytelling, explanation, conversation, lectures, observation, modeling and design, graphic work, work with a textbook and reference material Goals and objectives of the course: The program aims to: - teach students to read and complete drawings of parts and assembly units, as well as apply graphic knowledge in solving problems with creative content. In the process of teaching drawing, the following tasks are set: - to form students' knowledge about orthogonal (rectangular) projection onto one, two and three projection planes, about the construction of axonometric projections (dimetry and isometry) and techniques for performing technical drawings; - to acquaint students with the rules for the implementation of drawings established by the state standards of ESKD; - to teach to recreate the images of objects, analyze their shape, dissect into its constituent elements;

4 - develop all types of thinking that are in contact with the graphic activities of schoolchildren; - to teach independently, use educational and reference materials; - instill a culture of graphic work. This curriculum is designed for general education schools. The study of the drafting course is designed for one year of study, one hour per week. In total for a year 34 hours..2. Place of the subject "DRAWING" in educational process: - number of hours per week: an hour per year -35 hours, the teaching materials class is recommended by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and is included in the Federal list of textbooks for the academic year ..3. Target settings of the working program for drawing: The working program for drawing for grade 9 was compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Component of the State Standard for Basic General Education. The work program reflects the goals and objectives of studying drawing at this level of education, as set out in the explanatory note to the Exemplary Technology Program. It also lays down the possibilities of the formation of general educational skills and abilities, universal methods of activity and key competencies provided by the standard for students. The principles for selecting the main and additional content are related to the continuity of the goals of education at various levels and levels of education, the logic of intra-subject relationships, as well as the age characteristics of the development of students. The purpose of teaching the subject is specified in the main tasks: - to form knowledge about the basics of rectangular projection onto one, two and three projection planes, about methods for constructing images on drawings (sketches), as well as methods for constructing a rectangular isometric projection and technical drawings; - to teach schoolchildren to read and carry out simple drawings, sketches; axonometric projections, technical drawings of parts for various purposes;

5 - to develop static and dynamic spatial representations, figurative thinking based on the analysis of the shape of objects and its design features, mental reconstruction of spatial images of objects according to projection images, verbal description, etc.; learn how to use learning materials on their own; - to cultivate industriousness, thrift, accuracy, purposefulness, enterprise, responsibility for the results of their activities, respect for people of various professions and the results of their work; - gain experience in applying polytechnical, technological knowledge and skills in independent practice..4. Distinctive features of the working program for drawing: An exemplary program provides for the formation of students' general educational skills and abilities, universal methods of activity and key competencies. At the same time, the priority types of general educational activities for all areas of the educational field "Technology" at the stage of basic general education are: determining adequate methods for solving a learning problem based on specified algorithms. Combining known activity algorithms in situations that do not involve the standard use of one of them; creative solution of educational and practical problems: the ability to motivately refuse a model, look for original solutions; independently with the implementation of various creative works; participation in project activities; giving examples, selecting arguments, formulating conclusions! Reflection in oral or written form of the results of their activities; the ability to paraphrase a thought (explain in other words). Selection and use of expressive means of language and sign systems (text, table, diagram, drawing, technological map, etc.) in accordance with the communicative task, scope and situation of communication; the use of various sources of information for solving cognitive and communicative problems, including encyclopedias, dictionaries, Internet resources and other databases;

6 possession of the skills of joint activities: coordination and coordination of activities with its other participants; objective assessment of one's contribution to solving the common tasks of the team; evaluation of their activities in terms of moral, legal norms, aesthetic values ​​2. Goals and objectives of the course. Competencies Personal formation of graphic culture of schoolchildren development of figurative (spatial) logical, abstract thinking. Formation of analytical and creative components of thinking, development of statistical and dynamic spatial representations of students. Metasubject Know and understand: -technological concepts: graphic documentation, technological map, drawing, sketch, technical drawing, scheme, standardization; be able to: - choose ways of graphic display of an object or process; make drawings and sketches, including using computer support tools; draw up educational flow charts; comply with the requirements for the design of sketches and drawings; Subject to use the acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life for:

7 - performance of graphic work using tools, devices and computer equipment; reading and execution of drawings, sketches, technical drawings of parts and products. Organization of a workplace for performing graphic works. The use of conventional graphic symbols and symbols to display the shape, structure of objects and processes in drawings, sketches, drawings, diagrams. The concept of systems of design, technological documentation and GOSTs, types of documentation. Reading drawings, diagrams, technological maps. Performing drawing and graphic work by hand, using drawing tools, fixtures and computer support. Copying and replication of graphic documentation. Application of computer technologies for performing graphic works. Use of standard graphic objects and construction of graphic objects: selection, merging, geometric transformations of fragments. Construction of a drawing and technical drawing. Professions related to the performance of drawing and graphic works. The main interdisciplinary connections are carried out with the lessons of geometry, technology, information technology, fine arts, physics.

8 3. The structure of the course, the main content lines. Section Number of hours Theory Practice Technique for making drawings and rules for their design. 4 3 Drawings in the system of rectangular projections. 3 0.5 2.5 Axonometric projections. Technical drawing. 4 3 Reading and execution of drawings Sections and cuts Assembly drawings Reading construction drawings. 2-2 Checklist and design work: Themes of graphic works Number Type of control

9 p / n hours Drawing lines. Graphic work 2 Drawing of a flat part. Graphic work 2. 4 Drawings and axonometric projections of objects. 5 Construction of the third view according to two specified ones. 6 Detail drawing (using geometric constructions, including mates). Graphic work 4. Graphic work 5. Graphic work 6 7 Reading drawings. Graphic work 7. 8 Drawing a part in three views with the transformation of its shape. 9 Sketch and technical drawing of the part 0 Sketching of parts with the inclusion of design elements. Graphic work 8 Graphic work 9. Graphic work 0. Drawing objects Graphic work.

10 2 Detail sketch with cross section. 3 Sketch of the part with the necessary cut. 4 Drawing a part using a cut Graphic work 2. Graphic work 3. Graphic work 4. 5 Reading drawings. Practical work 5. 6 Sketch from nature. Graphic work 6. 7 Drawings of a threaded connection 2 Graphic work 7. 8 Reading assembly drawings. Graphic work 8. 9 Detailing. Practical work Solving creative problems with design elements. Practical work Reading construction drawings Practical work Execution of drawings of a part according to the drawing of an assembly unit. Graphic work Thematic planning:

11 Section Organization of a workplace for performing graphic work Requirements for the level of training of students according to the Federal State Educational Standard (UUD) to the section Skills for working with tools, accessories. Designer's workplace Using conditionally graphic symbols and designations to display the form Understanding the systems of design, technological documentation and GOSTs, types of documentation Reading drawings, diagrams and technological maps. Mastering the signs of square, thickness, diameter, radius used in drawings and sketches. Acquaintance: - with a unified system of design documentation (ESKD) - with a unified technological documentation (ESTD). Types of design and technological documentation. Skills: projection as a method of displaying the shape of the product projection on three planes. Performing drawing and graphic work by hand using drawing tools Mastering the sequence of sketch and drawing. Construction of a drawing and Familiarization with graphic primitives, the simplest commands and options,

12 Drawings in the system of rectangular projections (). Technique for making drawings and rules for their design (4 hours). technical drawing Professions related to the performance of drawing and graphic works. allowing to model the drawing. General idea of ​​the work of a design engineer, designer, designer. 5. Calendar-thematic plan DRAWING 9 CLASS Name of the section of the program, number of hours p \ n Theme of the lesson Number of hours Plan Date Fact Main activities Graphic language. Drawing. Tools, materials, accessories. Answering questions, solving a crossword puzzle. 2 The concept of standards. Formats, the main inscription of the drawing. Graphic work. On A4 format decorated with a frame and a stamp, draw a group of lines with different types. Fill in the columns of the main inscription with a drawing font. 3 Drawing fonts. 4 5 Dimensioning. Drawing of a flat part. Graphic work 2 Drawing fonts. Practical work. 6 Drawing of a flat part. Writing letters and numbers in a drawing font on a grid. Making a drawing of a flat part on a half of the image on a scale and with dimensions. Writing letters and numbers in a drawing font on paper in a cage. Filling in the title block. Making a drawing of a flat part on a half of the image on a scale and with dimensions.

13 Reading and execution of drawings. (8 ocloc'k). Axonometric projections. Technical drawing. (4 hours) Location of views in the drawing. local views. Practical work 3. Axonometric projections. flat figures. Practical work. Axonometric projections of flat-faced objects. Axonometric projections of objects with round surfaces. Technical drawing An analysis of the geometric shape of an object. Projections of vertices, faces and edges of an object. Graphic work 4. Construction of projections of points on the surface of an object. Graphic work 5 The order of constructing views in the drawings. Construction of the third type. Dimensioning according to the shape of an object. Modeling according to the drawing. Comparison of two axonometric projections on the example of flat-faced objects. Construction of axonometric projections of plane figures. Construction of an isometric projection of a circle on the faces of a cube. Construction of axonometric projections and technical drawing of objects of various shapes. Analysis of the geometric shape of objects according to its visual image, solving entertaining problems. Construction of an axonometric projection and designation of points on it. Problem solving. Performing the construction of the third view on two data. Analysis of the geometric shape of objects according to the drawing. Construction of the third projection on two data. Making a drawing of a flat part on a half of the image on a scale and with dimensions. 7 Geometric constructions. Graphic work 6 Construction of a drawing of a part using mates.

14 Assembly drawings (8 hours). Sections and cuts (6 hours). 8 Reading drawings. Reading drawings and solving problems. 9 Making a drawing of an object in three views with the transformation of its shape. Graphic work 7 Performing the geometric shape of objects according to the drawing. Construction of the third projection on two data. 20 Detail sketches. Graphic work 8- Making a drawing of an object according to an axonometric projection in the required number of views 2 General information about sections and cuts. Finding sections according to the drawing in rectangular projections 22 Sections. Graphic work 2. Detail drawing with the execution of section figures. 23 Sections Connecting a view and a section. Graphic work 3. Local cuts. Thin walls and spokes on the cut. Graphic work 4 Determining the required number of images. Graphic work 5 Assembly drawings. Types of connections of parts. Graphic work 6 Comparison of images of sections and cuts. Making drawings using simple cuts. Making drawings using partial cuts according to a visual image. Detail drawing with a cut. Making a sketch from nature. Solving problems and performing tasks of the teacher. 28 Image and designation of the thread. Drawing a thread on a stud and in a hole 29 Drawings of bolted and studded connections. Graphic work 7 Execution of drawings of a threaded connection.

15 Drawings of keyed and pin connections. Assembly drawings. Reading blueprints. Graphic work 8 Detailing. Graphic work 9 Reading and execution of drawings of parts containing keyed and pin connections. Reading assembly drawings. Completing the task of the teacher. Reading construction drawings (2 hours) Detail sketches. Graphic work 8- Reading construction drawings. Final lesson on the subject of drawing. Graphic work 20 Reading construction drawings using reference materials. Making a drawing of an object according to axonometric projection in the required number of views. 6. The results of mastering the educational program in the subject. Students should know: the basics of rectangular projection, the rules for making drawings, techniques for constructing mates, the basic rules for performing and designating sections and cuts, image conventions and thread designations. students should have an idea: the execution of a technical drawing and sketches, images of the connections of parts, the features of the execution of construction drawings. Students should be able to: rationally use drawing tools; analyze the shape of objects in nature and according to their drawings; analyze the graphic composition of images; read and execute drawings, sketches and visual images of simple objects; select the required number of views in the drawings; carry out a simple transformation of the shape and spatial position of objects and their parts; apply graphic knowledge in a new situation when solving problems with creative content. - perform simple assembly and construction drawings, use ESKD and reference literature. 7. Educational, methodological and logistical support of the educational process.

16 p/ p Authors Title Year of publication Publishing house A.D. Botvinnikov, V.N. Vinogradov, I.S. 204 M.: Enlightenment 2 I.S. Vyshnepolsky Workbook for the textbook "Drafting" 204 M. AST Astrel 3 A.D. Botvinnikov, V.N. Vinogradov, I.S. Vyshnepolsky, V.I. textbook "Drawing. Grades 8-9 "2004 M: LLC" Izd. AST, Astrel Publishing House 4 L.N. Anisimova, R.M. Minacheva Teacher's manual at 2 hours. Ch. V.V. Stepakova, 2007 M .: Education, 5 N.G. security. Equipment Computer 2 Multimedia projector 3 Drafting squares 4 Printer

17 5 Classroom board with a magnetic surface and a set of accessories for attaching demonstration material 6 Drawing board with a T-square (for A4) 7 School preparation 8 Pencils, eraser, sharpener

Explanatory note 1.2. Place of the subject "Drafting" in the educational process: - number of hours per week: 1 hour per year -34 hours, class - 9. - TMC is recommended by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and is included in the Federal list of textbooks

Explanatory note. This drawing program for grade 8 was created on the basis of a program for educational institutions, approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Publishing

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1 Contents: p. 1. Planned results of mastering the subject. 2 2. The content of the subject......4 3. Thematic planning..6 2 1. Planned results of mastering the subject

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