On May 28, people whose military duty is to protect the state border of the Fatherland celebrate their holiday. These people are border guards. Border Guard Day (aka Day border troops) is officially celebrated in Russia on the basis of presidential decree number 1011 of May 23, 1994. Although this does not mean at all that earlier the Day of the Border Guard did not exist in the calendar of domestic military dates. It was also celebrated with a remote frontier scale in Soviet times.
By the way, it was during the years of the existence of Soviet Russia that the date of the celebration appeared, which is still sacred for border guards today. On May 28, 1918, the Council of People's Commissars established a decree on the Border Guard of the borders of the Soviet Republic. In the same year, the border guard department was also created, which included many officers tsarist Russia who decided to swear allegiance to the Soviet government.
The full text of the decree on the creation of the Border Guard was published in June 1918 in the next issue of the publication, which at that time was called Izvestia of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of Soviets.
We present the full text of the decree signed by the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin) and the manager of the Council of People's Commissars V. Bonch-Bruevich.
The Council of People's Commissars decided:
1.
The Frontier Guard is established in the department of the People's Commissariat for Financial Affairs.
2.
The Border Guard is entrusted with the protection of the border interests of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and within the border strip - the protection of the person and property of citizens, in particular:
a) preventing the secret transportation of goods and the secret passage of persons across the land and sea borders of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic;
b) protection against theft of water resources in our border and territorial waters;
c) supervision of compliance with the rules of international navigation on border rivers;
d) the protection of our fishermen and industrialists in the border seas, lakes and rivers;
e) protecting our border villages from attacks by robbers and nomadic tribes;
f) the implementation of border quarantine in necessary cases, etc.
3.
The Border Guard is located in one or more lines. The People's Commissar for Financial Affairs is given permission, at his discretion, to locate outposts of the Border Guard and at railway stations.
4.
The space from the frontier line to the location of the frontier barriers and the seven-verst space from these barriers into the interior of the Republic is considered the frontier zone.
5.
The expanse of water twelve nautical miles from the low-tide line of the sea coasts of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, both on the mainland and on the islands, is recognized as a maritime customs strip, within which all Russian and foreign ships are subject to supervision by the Border Guard.
6.
The Border Guard must observe that along the entire line of the border there is a free passage of 6 arshins wide, which is why all buildings, arable land and vegetable gardens must be located at some distance from the border.
7.
Citizens of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic are admitted to the Border Guard for free employment on the same grounds as are established for admission to the Red Army. The reception of border guards is carried out by commissions organized by order of the Council of the Border Guard, which include one representative of the local Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies with a decisive vote in each commission.
8.
The direct management of the Border Guard in all respects is entrusted to the Main Directorate of the Border Guard. Under him, a Border Guard Council is formed, consisting of two commissars and one military leader.
9.
The armament and uniforms of the employees of the Border Guard, as well as the provision of medical and sanitary assistance to them, is carried out on the basis adopted for the Red Army. The release from the stocks of the military department to the employees of the Border Guard of weapons, equipment, uniforms and food, as well as engineering and medical equipment is carried out according to the requirements of the Main Directorate of the Border Guard, sent by him to the relevant institutions of the military districts.
One of the first leaders of the new service was the military commissar of the Border Guard N.F. Fedotov and the military leader from the General Staff A.L. Pevnev. In October 1918, they signed an order to organize a coursework system for junior officers.
By September 1918, the border guards also had a special uniform with the defining color of their hats. These are caps and hats (for senior officers) with a green top. Green color headdresses and stripes as actually one of the symbols of the border troops is preserved to this day. The green color at one time "reached" the stripes of the vest, making this uniform item the property of not only sailors or paratroopers, but also border guards.
It is noteworthy that from the first days of the formation of the Soviet Border Service, the authorities took into account the presence of political overtones in the protection of the state border. It was determined that people who were called up to the troops to protect the borders of the Motherland should have been included in special structures. On this basis, less than 2 years after the formation of the law enforcement agency, the Border Guard was transferred to the jurisdiction of a special department of the Cheka.
In 1923 on the territory USSR the first Higher Border School appears. In fact, this is the Soviet successor to the Separate Border Guard Corps, which existed in Russian Empire, which had its own deep traditions of protecting the borders of the Fatherland. From the directive on the need to create a Border Guard school:
In order to unite the service and leadership of the border guards, the Central School is being created under the OGPU, which should become an apparatus for training border guard workers capable of simultaneously performing the functions of military commanders and directing the work of the undercover apparatus.
Persons wishing to become cadets new school had to go through a series of exams. These are exams for knowledge of the border guard's memo, the political charter, the constitution. In addition, entrance exams were taken in the Russian language, mathematics and political economy. However, this is not all. As additional requirements were: knowledge of military regulations, the basics of drill and fire training. Preference for enrollment was given to members of the RCP (b) who passed through the so-called mandate commission.
Iosif Kazimirovich Opansky became the first head of the Higher School of the Border Guard of the USSR. Interesting can be considered the fact that earlier Opansky actually had no direct relation to the border guard. He was a representative of the editorial office of the Pravda newspaper, worked in the underground party field in the Baltic states and Belarus. In 1920, Opansky was appointed head of the special department of the 16th Army. And two years later he received a position in the Cheka of the Petrograd Military District.
The Higher Border School of the OGPU eventually transformed into the Military Institute of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Today, future border guard officers are being trained at the Moscow Border Institute of the FSB of Russia.
The border troops of Russia are one of the reliable components of the security of the Russian Federation. Border guards guard the borders of the Fatherland from the shores of the Kaliningrad region to the Kamchatka hills, from Magaramkent in the south to Kandalaksha in the north.
Today "Military Review" congratulates all professional border guards and veterans of the Border Troops on the holiday!
May 28 is a special day for everyone who has or has ever been involved in the protection of the state borders of Russia. The date of the Day of the Border Guard is timed to coincide with the formation of the Border Guard of the RSFSR on May 28, 1918.
The border guards of Russia this year celebrate the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Border Guard: exactly 100 years ago - on May 28, 1918 - the decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the creation of the Border Guard was signed. However, official holiday it ended only in 1958, after the corresponding resolution was adopted by the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In post-Soviet Russia, the activities of the border service are carried out in accordance with the presidential decree of 1994, while the date has always remained unchanged - May 28.
History of the Russian border service
Today, May 28, 2018, Russian border guards are celebrating their 100th anniversary, although the first such services, designed to protect citizens from the invasion of enemies, appeared many centuries ago. As soon as the first fortress was formed in Russia, people were also needed to protect it from enemies: the rulers created squads to guard.
However, the combatants could not yet be called real border guards. In the true sense of the word, the border guards appeared after the country's borders were established, marked by outposts and other fortifications. Later - in 1571 - the activities of the border service began to be regulated by the "Codex on the Stanitsa Service". As relations with other states became more active, the number of points on the border grew, in 1827 customs officers also became part of the border guard.
The events of 1917 completely eliminated the border service for a certain period, but very soon the new authorities realized the need and importance of having border guards to preserve the state as such, which was enshrined in the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of May 28, 1918.
The border of Russia now, as the Day of the border guard is celebrated
The Russian border is the longest in the world: the Russian Federation borders on 18 states. Border guards have to serve both on land and at sea, and in mountain gorges.
Border Guard Day in Russia is not an official holiday, however, according to tradition, an extensive festive program is being prepared for this date in many Russian cities: rallies and concerts are held in memorable places, folk festivals and festive events are organized.
In Moscow, the main celebrations will take place on Poklonnaya Hill: a whole alley of border guards has been arranged here, a symbolic stone has been installed. Mass celebrations will also take place in Sokolniki Park, Izmailovsky Park, Gorky Park and other places. An obligatory part of the festive program will be a ceremony at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the Alexander Garden. Fireworks are expected in the evening.
An integral part of any state is not only the population, its own army, monetary unit, but also the territory. Its limits are defined by boundaries. From time immemorial, their protection from the encroachments of conquerors made the life of citizens safer. Many countries paid special attention to the arrangement of its limits.
So, in ancient China, large-scale work was carried out to protect against the raids of the tribes. The result of the work was the Great Wall, stretching for thousands of kilometers. It became the first line of defense of this South-Eastern empire, and today it is a monument of military and architectural thought.
Similar structures are also found among the Central American tribes of the Indians, who fiercely conflicted with each other, but in a much more simplified version. The border becomes the front line of defense in the event of an attack by an invading state.
Armed units that protect the borders of the country are usually called border guards. In organization, interaction and structure, they are identical to the regular army or are part of it. A professional holiday is dedicated to them.
Who is celebrating
The event is considered by everyone who is related to the border troops or served in their composition, as well as support staff, relatives, relatives and friends. It is also celebrated by teachers and students of specialized educational institutions of the Federal Security Service.
History and traditions of the holiday
The day of the border guard originates in times Soviet Union when the Border Guard was established on May 28, 1918. It was renamed Troops and became subordinate to the Committee state security THE USSR. After the appearance of the Russian Federation, the department belonged to various power structures, but the date of the professional holiday was preserved.
The event gathers at the solemn tables the defenders of the country's borders, as well as everyone who is related to them. In the waters of the city fountains, symbolic bathings of servicemen take place, which have become a reminder of the holiday. memorable event is accompanied by the sounds of songs with a guitar about the difficult fate of those who have embarked on the path of the profession, congratulations, toasts, wishes of peace and prosperity.
On Russian Border Guard Day 2020, flower-laying ceremonies are held at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, memorial plaques and monuments to those people who died or committed a feat, standing guard over the interests of the Fatherland. High-ranking officials congratulate on the significant event for many, send letters of commendation. The command gives valuable gifts and thanks. Extraordinary ranks and promotions are given to especially distinguished employees.
About the profession
Border guards protect the state border by sea and land. Their duties include preventing illegal crossing of the country's borders, its defense in the event of an attack, control and passage of citizens, detention of violators, interaction with other authorities. The tasks of this profession include conducting intelligence activities in the interests of protecting sovereignty.
To become a border guard in the Russian Federation, you must complete military service (on conscription) or complete educational establishments FSB RF. The fleet is also involved in the performance of the functions of protecting the boundaries of the territory, the economic zone and the shelves. The military must master the weapons, material and technical base, know the charters, laws, regulations and instructions, to use means of communication, equipment for observation.
The units are supplied with special boats, patrol boats, aircraft, armored vehicles that allow them to serve. Border guards have a special uniform, hallmarks which is a headdress in the form of a beret or a cap of light green color, a vest with stripes of white and olive color, shoulder straps, as well as a chevron (patch) with the symbols of the Russian state.
Congratulations
Border guards, you are always on guard,
Take care of our peace and sleep.
We send you our congratulations,
And also - our bow to the earth.
We wish you health and strength,
Vigilant and observant eyes.
Let the good ones wait at home, dear
And beloved wives of all of you.
Accept congratulations
On Border Guard Day!
I wish you fun
And excellent health.
I wish you prosperity
true friendship,
On the edge of order
And quiet service.
What date is Border Guard Day in 2021, 2022, 2023
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|
| May 28 Fri | May 28 Sat | May 28 Sun |
One of the most revered military holidays on 1/6 of the land, which was once a huge country of the USSR - Border Guard Day. Every year on May 28, the streets of cities and villages in Russia, Kazakhstan, the Baltic states, Belarus, Ukraine and Central Asia they are drowning in green color - the parade caps of border guards flicker everywhere. Those who went through the harsh school of the border troops have their own history and holiday, about which we will learn a lot of interesting things today.
Interesting Facts
from the history of the border service
1. The protection of border lines dates back to the days of the struggle against nomadic tribes.
In the Middle Ages, Russian princes gathered squads to protect the near approaches to fortified cities. Security detachments, called "watchmen", gradually settled down on the southern and southeastern outskirts of the specific Russian principalities. Combat notches and villages began to be built. So there was a tradition of border guards to protect the Russian land from the raids of the Tatar-Mongol hordes.
2. In tsarist Russia, a tradition arose of rewarding non-commissioned officers and privates of the border guards with signs of special distinction.
In 1878, by personal decree of the Emperor Alexander III a medal of four degrees "For Courage" was established - gold and silver with and without a bow. It is symbolic that, like the highest degree of distinction among the rank and file - the cross, the medal was supposed to be worn on the St. George ribbon.
3. In pre-revolutionary times, the Separate Corps of the Border Guard had a tradition of celebrating the Temple Feast on November 21 every year.
Each Russian Guards regiment had its own saint - protector and patron. On the day of the Entry into the Temple Holy Mother of God the young Virgin Mary in the building was held the Highest review. Everyone who stood in the ranks of the Consolidated Company that day was given brand new, brand new, ammunition. The guards received rifles, the guards - checkers. In addition to the issued, each soldier of the corps had a full allowance, bed linen and a ruble as a reward for service. In a solemn atmosphere, the initiation of new soldiers into border guards was held. The icon, which was worshiped on a holiday, was painted in 1377 and has since been kept in the Serpukhov Vvedensky Monastery. Now the tradition has been revived. The temple holiday of the border service of the Russian Federation is held on December 4.
4. Traditionally, the border guards in the Russian Empire were in good standing.
It was very prestigious to get into the service in the corps. Senior commanders in subdivisions received the rank of staff officer. According to the code of 1866, the lower ranks had a constant annual allowance of 85 kopecks per month - senior, 56 ¾ - average and 42 ¾ - junior salary. 12 rubles were allocated annually for ammunition. Every two months, the border guards received another 57 kopecks in forging money and for a comb. The border guard in the empire was always dressed and shod, and three things relied on him indefinitely - a personal weapon, horse stirrups and a copper device "for drinking".
5. Modern form border troops changed according to historical moments.
Given the specifics of the border service, the main thing that should distinguish it is convenience and ease of use. But one feature of the form has become traditional - this is the band of the dress cap in dark green. For the first time, hats of this color appeared among the soldiers of the Separate Corps of the Border Guard of the Russian Empire in 1902. Later, not only the officers, but also the soldiers received everyday and ceremonial caps with a green crown. Whatever the border service was called in the next hundred years, the green cap forever became a symbol of loyalty to military duty.
6. Modern history The holiday begins on May 28, 1918.
On this day, the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR "On the Establishment of the Border Guard of the RSFSR" was born. Forty years later, in 1958, the holiday began to be celebrated as the Day of the USSR Border Guard. The tradition of celebrating went away for several years with the collapse of the Soviet Union, but by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 23, 1994, the border troops of the Russian Federation again began to celebrate their professional holiday.
7. In non-CIS countries, the border service is also on a special note.
Among the units guarding the European border lines (even if very conditional) are the French department of border guards, the Italian territorial police, German customs officials with border supervision functions. On the borders closer to Russia, the calmness of the European borders is observed by the Polish guards of the customs supervision.
8. The Russian Federation holds an undisputed record in two indicators that are directly related to the border service.
The length of the world's longest state border of the Russian Federation is more than 60,000 kilometers. The second record is about 5,000 kilometers of the sea border with the United States. The longest land border between two neighboring states, the border between the United States and Canada, stretches for 8963 km. However, meticulous geographers argue that it cannot be considered as such, because a considerable number of kilometers pass through the Great Lakes, including the seething surface of Niagara Falls. So, in this, the Russian Federation can also be considered a champion - between Kazakhstan and Russia there is a continuous land border with a length of more than 7,000 km.
9. Several independent states that were republics within the USSR until 1991 continue to celebrate Border Guard Day.
On the same day as in Russia, "green caps" officially celebrate their day in Ukraine, Belarus, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. In Turkmenistan, the day of the holiday is August 11, in Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan - August 18. Surprisingly, in Latvia, which became part of the European Union, they continue to celebrate the Day of the Border Guard. Even more surprising is the day on which Latvians do it - November 7th.
10. The modern traditions of completing the border service are gradually shifting towards the widespread use of auxiliary means.
The control and trail strips at especially critical areas of demarcation still remain. In other places, instead of them, electronic means are widely used - thermal imagers, motion sensors and special aviation - drones, ekranoplans, controlled mini-helicopters. Information from surveillance cameras is transmitted in real time both via cable fiber optic lines and via communication satellites. Additional repeaters are not required - with the help of coded radio channels, information can be instantly transmitted over long distances.
11. Since ancient times, it has been customary to honor the memory of those who gave their lives, defending the inviolability of the borders of their native country.
Whatever the name of the Russian state, the living must honor the memory of the fallen. On May 28, it is customary to lay flowers at the main memorial to fallen soldiers - the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier near the walls of the Moscow Kremlin.
12. The origins of one of the most interesting traditions - comes from 1980 - twhen the first television film from the cycle "State Border" was born.
The film starring the brilliant actor Igor Starygin was filmed at the Belarusfilm studio. By 1989, eight full-length multi-series films about the history of the border troops of the Land of Soviets were shot. For a quarter of a century there has been no Soviet Union, and the tradition of watching a movie about loyalty to military duty and the courage of border guards does not leave the television screens of different countries.
Every year on May 28 personnel of the border troops of the Russian Federation celebrates its professional holiday - the Day of the border guard.
By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 30, 1993, the Federal Border Service of Russia was established. The date was taken from history: on May 28, 1918, the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars established the Border Guard of the RSFSR. At the same time, the Main Directorate of the Border Guard was created.
Interestingly, in addition to Russia, border guards of other post-Soviet countries also celebrate their holiday on this day: Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Ukraine. This is done as a sign of respect and admiration for the feat of the soldiers of the Soviet Union, who defended their country from invasion. By the way, Russia is the country that has the most points of contact with other countries - the Russian Federation borders on 18 countries. No other country in the world has so many borders.
You served on the border
Homeland, Motherland.
And now you deserve
Praise for life.
Dear border guard
We respect you.
And today, on your holiday,
We congratulate you.
We wish you
Strength, health and love,
To have peace throughout the world.
You take care of your life.
The border guard is proud!
You stand firmly on your feet
Protecting our land
Sometimes you don't know sleep at all.
I wish on such a day
Strength, great vigor,
Peace, happiness in personal life
And the salaries are superb.
Congratulations on your professional holiday - Border Guard Day! I wish you progress, great achievements, courage, courage, valor, justice and strength. Let the work be a pleasure, not be vain and conflict. I wish you personal growth, security and true friends. Happy holiday!
There is one important day in May.
It is different from all other days.
After all, on this day the soul does not sleep,
The border guard remembers the service.
Who remembers posts
And someone stepped in.
But we are grateful to you,
Bow to you, border guards guys!
Let there be peace over you
All borders will be calm.
There will be no wars, sirens and mines,
Let the birds fly in the sky.
Health to you, true friends.
May your sleep be peaceful and sound.
Love wives and mothers
Your kids will be successful.
And happy holiday to you from the bottom of my heart.
You are our pride, our glory!
After all, the border guard is life,
And your life is an outpost!
Strong, brave and courageous,
Our border guard is fearless.
You are worthy of respect
All praise and admiration.
And for the nights without sleep
The whole country is grateful.
We congratulate you on your day
We wish you good health!
Everyone wants to congratulate you
At this moment and at this hour.
The border guard notes
Only one day in a year!
Courage, luck, strength
May they always be with you.
Health is enough for you
For many more years!
There is a profession
Keep the happiness of the Motherland.
This is a holy mission
To serve at the borders of the country.
I congratulate you today
Our border guards!
Those who day and night in the ranks,
Warriors-excellent.
I wish you friends
Strength and courage
In families - peace and warmth,
Loyalty to the oath.
Let all borders be locked
Only the heart and soul will be open.
We wish who is on the main line
Tranquility, covered with hope.
After all, the border guard is the pride of the country,
Support and protection of the state.
Let there be sunny warm days
And the service will be interesting, bright!
Border Guard Day - all wishes to you:
Let everything turn out the way you need it.
And let the fierce enemy not think to penetrate,
Give him a rebuff boldly, together!
Happy Border Guard Day, I congratulate you
And I wish you easy service, without worries.
For work to bring joy,
So that failures pass by.
I also wish in the promotion service,
Good luck, unlimited luck.
So that there is everything that you need for happiness:
Love, health, respect and friendship.
The border is always under control
And the enemy will definitely not pass here.
To all border guards today
A special honor from us.
We congratulate you on your day,
You always be vigilant
Under your valiant protection
The whole country lives in peace.
The border guard is not an easy service:
It is full of dangers and worries.
Outpost as a frontier, because it is very necessary
Keep away from spy and enemy.
Scouts of a foreign country cannot overcome obstacles,
And defectors can't take two steps.
They are always on guard of the Motherland, where necessary,
They bear a duty to the fatherland, severe and simple.
Fortress of spirit and the same nerves!
Different friends for you - smart, very faithful!
Good luck in your endeavours!
