The problem of heating your own home is one of the most challenging tasks which the owner of the house has to decide. Long-burning solid fuel boilers are perfect for solving this problem, because this issue cannot be ignored - it will be impossible to live in an unheated building for almost half a year, and sudden temperature changes will quickly age the entire interior decoration and shorten the life of the entire building.
The optimal solution to the issue is the creation of an intra-house system with the circulation of the coolant through pipes and radiators installed in the premises in the right amount. This means that the main problem is the choice of a heat generator, simply a boiler, which will convert an external energy source into heating. And in this matter, based on the characteristics of the climate in the vast majority of the territory of Russia, the degree of availability, including the price, of certain energy resources, long-burning solid fuel boilers are gaining more and more popularity.
What are good long-burning boilers
To date, the most convenient option is traditionally considered to be the installation of a gas boiler. However, far from all settlements, and even more so - suburban summer cottages, gas supply networks have been laid. In addition, the supply of an individual line from the main, if any, is a very serious cost.
If we add to this the inevitable approval procedures, drawing up a project in compliance with all the requirements of the controlling authorities, then such a method of heating can scare away the owners of the house, especially in conditions when there is a worthy alternative to it.
It would seem that a very acceptable option is the use of electricity. A lot of electric boilers are produced, they are distinguished by high efficiency, ease of adjustment, saturation with control systems and automatic control of the heating system. But all these very significant advantages are easily broken down into the main "underwater rock"- the cost of a kilowatt of electricity. The average family will simply go broke on just one.
In addition, it is no secret that in villages remote from large centers, drops in the power grid, alas, are not uncommon. Making yourself completely dependent on the stability of the power grid is probably not the best option.
Against the backdrop of the development of modern energy technologies, the traditional way for Russian expanses to heat their homes with the help of ordinary firewood gradually “went into the shadows”. But this is a renewable source of energy, and with a lack of such fuel in the vast territories of the country, there is simply no such fuel. Self-harvested firewood, and purchased, and waste from woodworking enterprises, and old dead wood, which still needs regular cleaning, are used. In a word, wood was and remains probably the most affordable type of fuel in the wooded regions of the country.
Of course, firewood heating was never completely abandoned, and the owners carefully repaired the stoves in the houses of the old building and used them for their intended purpose. But in new buildings, the installation of a stone stove or fireplace is done, rather, as a tribute to fashion, and not in order to completely switch to solid fuel.
But, furnace oven - it keeps heat for a long time due to thick brick walls and a well-thought-out system of channels for the exit of firewood combustion products. It can be heated even once a day to provide an acceptable microclimate for living in the room. But what about water heating circuits? If you just constantly keep the fire in the boiler furnace, as in a conventional wood-burning stove, then it will be ruinous in terms of fuel consumption, and extremely tiring - every 2 — 3 hours, or even more often, lay a new portion of firewood. However, a way out was found - this was embodied in the creation of a long burning.
The special design of the heater, based on those used during its operation physical and chemical properties of solid fuel, allows you to load firewood no more than once every 12 - 15 hours, and in some models this period is even longer, and sometimes even several days.
The advantages of such boilers are also that many of them can use other types of fuel, in addition to firewood. It can be, for example, compressed briquettes from wood waste - pellets, which can be purchased at the store, and in some cases even made independently.
Pellets - granulated fuel for long-burning boilers Used for solid fuel boilers coal or peat. IN Lately became popular the so-called "Eurowood".
Wood waste processing product - briquettes or "euro firewood" It is also a recycling product of the woodworking industry, which has high energy intensity and is very convenient to use.
Principles of operation of long-burning boilers
The principle of operation of a conventional solid fuel stove is probably known to everyone. Firewood (coal, briquettes) is laid in the combustion chamber, and from the blowing chamber located below there is an air flow containing oxygen necessary for the combustion process. The intensity of combustion is limited only by the volume of incoming air and the area of the outer surface of the fuel bookmark.
In fact, this is an ordinary fire, only enclosed in stone or metal walls, and requiring constant replenishment of fuel. At the same time, combustion products are almost directly discharged into the chimney system, the labyrinths and turns of which only improve heat transfer to structural elements and, in a certain wall, lead to an increase in efficiency, but cannot in any way increase the overall energy efficiency from a particular type of fuel. The process of thermal decomposition of wood is very intensive, transient, leaving a lot of waste and throwing unused opportunities into the atmosphere.
And these opportunities lie in the special properties of wood, which are due to its biochemical composition. In the process of heating, this material is not simply oxidized to the state of coal with the release of ordinary carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). High-temperature exposure always leads to the synthesis of volatile hydrocarbon compounds with a complex chemical formula, and they themselves are an excellent gaseous fuel, which in conventional furnaces is simply released into the atmosphere.
The process of thermal decomposition of wood is called pyrolysis, respectively, the hot gaseous components released during this process are called pyrolysis gas. It is characteristic that the temperature of its combustion, and hence the heat transfer, is incomparably higher than that obtained during conventional combustion of wood. At the same time, the processes of wood oxidation are so deep that after them there is practically no waste in the form of ash, and after the combustion of the gaseous component, mainly water vapor and carbon dioxide are emitted into the atmosphere.
This means that from the point of view of the technology of the most rational use of wood fuel, it is advisable to minimize the process of open combustion, to achieve the maximum release of pyrolysis gas, which will, in fact, be the main source of thermal energy during combustion. It is these principles that are embedded in the design of long-burning boilers.
Varieties of solid fuel boilers for long burning
So, as, probably, it has already become clear from the principle of operation, the main technological problem that must be solved for its correct operation is dosing the air flow into the chamber for the preliminary thermal decomposition of firewood and adjusting the flows of the obtained pyrolysis gases and secondary heated air for their combustion in the main combustion chamber, where, in fact, the main heat exchange with the heating circuit is organized.
Despite the generality of the problem, in different models it is technically solved in its own way.
1. One of the options are designs in which air is injected using a built-in fan, and flow control is performed by an automation unit.
Most of these boilers are arranged in such a way that the fuel loading and pre-combustion chamber is located on top.
After ignition of the laid firewood, the air supply to them is reduced to a minimum, and the fan provides air flow through the lower chamber of the main afterburner, which is made of heat-resistant materials (chamotte or ceramic concrete), which prevent metal parts from quickly burning through and become, in addition, good heat accumulators. The created thrust constantly "sucks" the resulting pyrolysis gas into the lower chamber. At the entrance to it, ceramic nozzles are installed that can withstand extreme temperatures - more than 1000 degrees Celsius.
Burning pyrolysis gases provide the main heat exchange with the pipes or the “jacket” of the water circuit. Circulation, which is usually also tied to the boiler automation unit, ensures the movement of the coolant through the pipes and radiators of the heating system.
If you look at the presented video, then even visually you can compare the very intensity of burning wood in the loading chamber (almost at the level of sluggish smoldering) and the incomparable power of combustion of pyrolysis gas in the main combustion chamber.
Video: device and operation of a long-burning pyrolysis boiler "Motor Sich«
Such an arrangement of chambers is not at all a "dogma" for this type of long-burning boilers. So, for example, in the boilers of the Gefest-profi model range, the afterburner chamber is moved back.
It has a complex labyrinth design, which contributes to the most efficient heat exchange with the heating circuit. Due to this, a very high efficiency is achieved - up to 90 ÷ 93%, almost all heat is spent on heating the coolant. This is also evidenced by the fact that the temperature of the gases at the exit to the chimney is only about 70 - 110 degrees.
The mentioned boilers with electronic regulation are good for everyone, however, they have a very significant drawback. They are completely volatile - when the power supply is turned off, the fans and the automation unit do not work, which means that the entire heating system becomes inoperative, even if the house has the possibility of natural circulation of the coolant along the circuit. Of course, there is a way out - this is the installation of an uninterruptible power supply system, but it is good for emergencies. If power outages are a frequent occurrence, then some other option will have to be chosen.
Such boilers are also very picky about mains voltage fluctuations - automation may not work correctly, and often they require the installation of a separate stabilizer.
2. Such shortcomings are deprived of non-volatile long-burning boilers, in which regulated air circulation is organized due to natural draft. An example of such heating devices is the Trayan model, popular with consumers, of the Russian trade and production association of the same name and Bourgeois-K of the Teplogarant Kostroma plant.
The main advantage of such boilers is complete energy independence. They have an extensive loading chamber located below, and under it is placed ash pan-blower- everything, as in a classic oven. The damper on the bottom door for air access is mechanically (through a chain) connected to a bimetallic thermostat.
After loading the firewood and igniting it, the damper is opened to the maximum - this is necessary for the steady combustion of the fuel to begin and the pyrolysis processes to start, which require a temperature of at least 200 degrees.
Then the damper closes in such a way as to minimize the supply of oxygen to the firewood burning zone, and the chamber switches to the smoldering mode. Air, having passed through special channels for the necessary heating to the desired temperature, enters the upper chamber. Its supply is carried out through special tubes in which there are calibrated holes. Leaving through these peculiar burners, air oxygen enters into an oxidative reaction with the pyrolysis gas rising from the combustion chamber. There is an effective afterburning with the release a large number heat that is spent on heating the coolant circulating through the pipes and the water "jacket" of the boiler.
Video: diagram of the device and operation of a long-burning boiler of the Trajan type
The boiler is completely non-volatile, so it can be fully used in the absence of electricity in an open or closed heating system with natural circulation of the coolant.
In fairness, it should be noted that such a scheme still causes a lot of criticism from experts. It's hard to argue here, really. his Efficiency and economy of firewood consumption, it is seriously inferior to boilers with electronic control and forced creation of air and pyrolysis gases. However, independence from electricity and ease of operation make such boilers very popular with Russian consumers.
3. Another technological approach to providing solid fuel with subsequent afterburning of pyrolysis gas is the creation of such conditions that the process of burning firewood goes from top to bottom, only in a relatively thin layer of loading. This principle, for example, is applied in the popular and proven efficiency boilers of the Stropuva model range by the Lithuanian company of the same name.
These boilers have the characteristic shape of a vertically arranged cylinder. They can use almost any type of solid fuel - firewood, sawdust, wood chips, coal, briquettes, etc. An impressive loading chamber allows them to work on one tab for a very long time. So, on one load of firewood, the boiler, depending on the specific model, is able to function from 1 to 3 days, and on coal this period is even more impressive - from 3 to 7 days.
The secret lies in the design of the boiler:
- Through the window (6) the existing fuel is loaded into the combustion chamber (8). Then surface ignition is carried out using conventional flammable furnace liquids. As soon as combustion has begun, an air distributor (7) is lowered onto the fuel tab - it will supply oxygen in a dosed manner only to the upper burning layer. Its design provides for special channels that contribute to the uniform distribution of air flow over the combustion area.
- In order for the process of surface combustion with the accompanying pyrolysis to proceed as efficiently as possible, the air needs preliminary preparation - heating to a certain temperature. A special chamber (2) is provided for this. It is connected to the distributor by a telescopic air duct. Thus, the distributor gradually descends as the fuel burns under its own gravity and is constantly in the upper burning layer.
- The released pyrolysis gases are burned in the upper part of the chamber (5). For this, additional air is supplied through the damper (4). It has several positions designed for different types of fuel - coal or wood.
- After the afterburning of gases, the residual products of combustion are discharged into the chimney through the pipe (3).
- The general adjustment of the intensity of combustion, and hence the released heat output of the boiler, is carried out by an air damper (1) connected to a bimetallic regulator, on which the set value is set.
- The boiler is enclosed in a water "jacket" for heat exchange with the heating circuit - for this there are pipes for supplying the heated coolant (10) and "return" (11).
- The inspection window (9) is used for regular cleaning of the furnace from ash deposits.
Video: device and operation of a long-burning boiler " Stropuva»
Prices for a linear range of heating boilers Stropuva
Heating boilers Stropuva
Some powerful models of Stropuva boilers can be equipped with a fan for forced air supply. However, all of them are quite capable of functioning on natural draft, which makes these heating devices completely independent of the availability of electricity.
The design of the boiler is so efficient that it has become the basis for numerous independent developments made by craftsmen. So, it was Stropuva that probably became the prototype of the currently popular one. About its device, correct calculation and technology self-manufacturing detailed in the relevant publication of our portal.
4. Duration battery life boiler can also be provided with automation of the supply of solid fuel to the combustion chamber. This scheme is implemented in boilers using granulated wood waste as fuel - pellets.
In fact, this is the same long-burning boiler with several combustion chambers, but additionally equipped with a special bunker for loading granular fuel. Continuous supply of pellets to the furnace is carried out by means of a rotating flexible or rigid auger.
Special photo and thermal sensors monitor the intensity of combustion and the presence of fuel, generating appropriate control signals for the timely supply of pellets to the combustion area in the required amount.
Such a scheme is considered very effective and has broad prospects. Its main disadvantage is the complete dependence on electricity supply. However, such boilers may well be transferred to the usual manual loading of firewood or coal. The system is rather complicated in installation and adjustment. And one more minus, which so far limits the wide distribution of such boilers - the currently unsaturated market for granular fuel, there may be certain problems with its acquisition. Before installing such a boiler, in order not to spend a lot of money in vain, you should guaranteed secure a reliable supply of pellets from their manufacturer.
Video: advantages of a pellet boiler with automatic fuel supply
Prices for the range of solid fuel boilers
Solid fuel boilers
TOP 11 best solid fuel boilers
| A photo | Name | Rating | Price | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The best solid fuel boilers for long burning | ||||||
| #1 |
|
⭐ 99 / 100 2 - votes | ||||
| #2 |
|
⭐ 97 / 100 | ||||
| The best pyrolysis solid fuel boiler | ||||||
| #1 | Buderus Logano S171-50W | ⭐ 100 / 100 1 - voice | ||||
| The best classic solid fuel boilers | ||||||
| #1 |
|
ZOTA Optima 20 | ⭐ 99 / 100 | |||
| #2 |
|
Sime SOLIDA EV 5 | ⭐ 98 / 100 | |||
| #3 |
|
Protherm Beaver 40 DLO | ⭐ 97 / 100 | |||
| #4 |
|
Bosch Solid 2000 B SFU 27 | ⭐ 96 / 100 1 - voice | |||
| #5 |
|
Kentatsu ELEGANT-03 | ⭐ 95 / 100 1 - voice | |||
| The best double-circuit solid fuel boiler | ||||||
| #1 |
|
Kiturami KRM 30R | ⭐ 99 / 100 | |||
| The best combined solid fuel boilers | ||||||
| #1 |
|
ZOTA Mix 20 | ⭐ 99 / 100 1 - voice | |||
| #2 |
|
Teplodar Kupper PRO 22 | ⭐ 95 / 100 1 - voice | |||
Summing up
So, it is too early to write off solid fuel boilers as obsolete, irrelevant heating equipment. Thanks to modern innovative technologies, they have received a "second wind" and freely compete with other types of boilers - gas and
- Long-burning boilers have a solid efficiency, reaching up to 90 - 95% for some models. Heat losses, thanks to well-thought-out processes for afterburning pyrolysis gases and the design of heat exchangers, are minimized. In terms of efficiency and economy, they are in no way inferior to gas.
- Emissions from such boilers into the atmosphere do not pose a threat to environment, all components - water vapor and carbon dioxide, are easily absorbed by plants.
- The availability of fuel and autonomy, independence from the presence of gas pipelines is one of the main advantages of such equipment. There is no need for tedious licensing procedures when installing the boiler. In regions where there is no shortage of firewood, this is the best option for organizing home heating.
- Boilers can have a built-in second circuit for hot water supply at home. Even if it is not there, it is easy to connect an indirect heating boiler to them.
- Long-burning boilers are quite unpretentious and easy to maintain. When used correctly, they are designed for several decades of operation.
The main disadvantages of such boilers can be considered the following:
- No matter how long the period of operation from one load is, you still have to intervene periodically in this process to replenish fuel supplies to the combustion chamber.
- Unlike or electrical, a mandatory preventive measure is the regular cleaning of the boiler from accumulated ash in order to avoid its coking on the walls of the chambers.
- Under the boiler solid fuel a separate room with good ventilation and a chimney is required. These devices are always quite massive, so it is necessary to prepare a reinforced platform for them.
- Additional space is needed to create stocks of solid fuel with the obligatory observance of the rules for its storage. Such boilers are sensitive enough to the moisture level of firewood. Humidity up to 20% is considered the limiting value - if it is exceeded, a sharp loss in the efficiency of the device is possible.
The long burning boiler model Stropuva S40U is very reliable and highly economical. For operation of a copper any solid fuel of any quality is used. This boiler can heat up to 100 sq.m, suitable for water heating systems with both natural and forced circulation. One laying of firewood in the boiler is able to provide work up to 30 hours, 2 days on briquettes and up to 5 days on coal.
- high efficiency - 90%;
- saving fuel and electricity;
- it is possible to use different raw materials;
- light and easy to maintain;
- completely safe;
- long service life.
- made of steel, not cast iron;
- bright color.
Solid fuel boiler Stropuva S40U
A cylindrical boiler, which has a specific principle of operation: firewood or wood briquettes burn only from above. One bookmark can smolder up to 7 hours. At cold air temperature in the boiler, continuous operation can be maintained for up to 1.5 days. Having more than 1.5 height, the boiler does not clutter up the room.
- non-volatile;
- has a high efficiency;
- economical;
- compact.
A rational owner always thinks about how to wisely invest in the purchase of a solid fuel boiler for a private house and reduce the cost of its further operation during the heating season. Which is better, more profitable, more convenient? What are the boilers for heating, their types, advantages and disadvantages will tell this article.
Prices for electricity and gas are rising from year to year, moreover, it is not always possible to connect to the highway. Thus, a solid fuel boiler can be considered a reliable, autonomous and economical option for heating a house. With its pros and cons.
Domestic heating boiler All existing solid fuel boilers can be divided as follows for convenience:
- Boilers, in the furnace of which fuel is supplied automatically, are solid fuel pellet boilers. They run on solid granular fuel. Pellet boilers are often referred to as long-burning boilers.
- Boilers that require manual loading of fuel. They can also be divided into groups:
- classic or traditional boilers;
- pyrolysis boilers of upper combustion;
- long burning boilers.
The general parameter by which boilers are usually selected is the fuel combustion time at one load, as well as the type of fuel on which they operate efficiently.
Solid fuel boiler with hob When choosing a solid fuel boiler for heating a summer house or a private house, you should pay attention to the following parameters:
- the number of working circuits. A double-circuit boiler will allow you to heat the room and provide hot water;
- the presence of a cooking burner will help solve the problem with cooking;
- boiler power and efficiency. A boiler with a capacity of 5-12 kW will be able to heat a house with an area of 100 square meters. m;
- dimensions, weight and ease of installation;
- boiler arrangement and fuel loading method;
- used fuel.
Advice. Solid fuel boilers are produced only on the floor, it is impossible to hang such a boiler on the wall.
Classic solid fuel boilers
This is the most common type of boilers. Made from cast iron or heat resistant steel. Heat is generated by burning solid fuel. Solid fuel boilers operate on coal, wood, peat, heating pellets. Used for heating, as well as for heating water. Most often they are heated with coal, as firewood burns quickly. The temperature sensor is responsible for maintaining the temperature in the boiler and regulates the air damper. When the temperature drops, the sensor opens the damper slightly and vice versa.
Classic solid fuel boiler On one load of fuel they work from 2 to 6 hours. Absolutely autonomous: do not depend on the electrical network and the presence of gas. In more modern versions, electronic temperature sensors and a control panel are built-in, as well as a boost fan, which makes the operation process more comfortable.
Advantages:
- time-tested technology;
- simple and reliable in use;
- relatively low cost, a wide range of manufacturers, models and prices for boilers;
- the ability to use fuel available in your area;
- autonomy - connection to the mains is not required;
- low level of efficiency;
- simple boiler piping;
- low cost of fuel compared to energy carriers and gas tariffs.
Be prepared for the fact that you will need a significant amount of fuel storage space Disadvantages:
- it is necessary to equip a warehouse for storing fuel reserves;
- small depth of temperature regulation;
- inertia of the fuel combustion process;
- the need for fuel delivery and preparation.
Advice. Coal flares up slowly and gradually, maintaining approximately the same temperature in the furnace. Firewood and its by-products ignite faster, so they cannot immediately fill the entire firebox. This will lead to a short-term release of a large amount of heat and overheating of the boiler, which is very dangerous.
Pyrolysis solid fuel boilers
Pyrolysis boilers are relatively new technology. This type of boiler is used for heating and heating water. They have two combustion chambers. In the first chamber, the fuel itself burns with artificial oxygen deficiency. During combustion, volatile substances are released, which burn in the second chamber.
Pyrolysis boiler device Pyrolysis boilers work on wood, fuel briquettes, pellets, brown coal, there are models with the consumption of coke and coal. The fuel must be dry, otherwise water vapor entering the second chamber can extinguish the boiler. Some pyrolysis boilers are equipped with a thermostatic air regulator and devices that protect the boiler from boiling. In case of boiling, the thermostatic valve will release water by opening the damper, and the temperature inside the boiler will drop.
Advantages:
- Efficiency not less than 90%;
- minimum amount of ash and soot formation;
- 2-4 times additional fuel is required;
- convenient and reliable in use;
- the fuel burns completely, the ash pan does not need to be cleaned often;
- reduced emission of harmful smoke into the atmosphere;
- you can burn large unchopped firewood.
Pyrolysis boiler afterburner Disadvantages:
- complex design of the boiler;
- high price;
- wood must be dry (no more than 20% moisture);
- connection to the mains is required;
- at a load of half the power, combustion is unstable, tar is formed in the gas ducts;
- there is no way to automate the process of fuel supply.
Advice. The boiler can be installed in almost any technical room with an organized air supply. The chimney is organized internal or external.
Pellet solid fuel boilers, boilers with automatic fuel supply
In Europe, this type of boilers is very popular. They are used for heating, as well as for heating water for domestic needs. Pellets are used as fuel for these boilers - pressed shavings, sawdust from wood. The main important convenience is automation. They do an excellent job of maintaining the set temperature. All that is required of you is to fill the bunker with fuel at the beginning of the heating season. An auger is built into the boiler, which independently feeds pellets into the furnace. The only disappointing thing is that, apart from pellets, nothing can be burned.
Automatic pellet boiler Advantages:
- durability, service life more than 20 years;
- fuel refueling automation;
- automatic ignition;
- Efficiency 90%;
- keep the set temperature stable.
Disadvantages:
- works only on wood pellets;
- high cost of fuel and equipment;
- connection to the mains is required.
Important. The use of unsuitable fuel leads to excessive fuel consumption and may cause damage to the equipment.
Long burning boilers
This type of boilers is able to work on coke, brown and hard coal, peat briquettes, firewood, wood chips, sawdust. Those models that are designed to work only on wood differ only in the air supply system and the materials from which the combustion chamber is made. Up to 50 kg of fuel can be loaded at one time. Firewood burning time from 12 hours to two days. If the firebox is filled with coal, then the burning time will be from four days to a week. If it is warmer outside, and there is no need to heat much, then you can reduce the boiler power by 10% by simply lowering the fuel burning rate.
Long-burning boilers are very convenient because they do not require constant fuel tossing. Long-burning boilers are boilers of a new generation. In many models, the boiler has a bottom, which indicates complete tightness. Solid fuel burns in such a boiler from top to bottom. That's why they can run for so long on a single load. The fuel does not burn all at once, but only the first 10-20 cm. The air that is supplied to the furnace is heated by the outgoing smoke, and then enters the combustion zone with the help of a recuperator. The air distributor is always at the combustion level of the fuel.
Advantages:
- non-volatile;
- with one load of coal they work up to 5 days, and with firewood - up to 2 days;
- deep power adjustment;
- ash is taken out 2-3 times a month;
- the price of such a boiler is lower than the pyrolysis one, but higher than the classic solid fuel boiler for long burning.
Installed long burning boiler Disadvantages:
- The efficiency is low;
- full cycle operation without the possibility of refueling;
- in addition, it is necessary to install a circulation pump that operates from the network.
Advice. Some manufacturers provide interchangeable burners, which allows the user to easily switch from one type of fuel to another (for example, from coal to pellets) without losing the comfort of using the boiler. The user only needs to change the burner and reconfigure the automation.
How to heat a house with a solid fuel boiler: video
The calendar stubbornly tells us that we live in the 21st century and, indeed, we cannot be surprised by flights into space, but regular power outages return us to the 19th century. This is not about the consequences of the rampant elements, but about planned activities related to the constant repair of outdated equipment. A stable voltage in the network is the subject of dreams even for residents of cottage villages located around megacities. It is much easier to set the control of a heating boiler using a smartphone than to guarantee a stable availability of electricity in small towns and on the outskirts of regional centers. It is not surprising that non-volatile heating boilers are in high demand today. Only they guarantee constant comfort during winter storms and snowfalls.
The main types of non-volatile boilers
As the name suggests - non-volatile boilers are able to work without being connected to the electrical network. Accordingly, they should be installed in houses with heating systems in which the coolant circulates under the influence of gravity. Manufacturers produce the following types of non-volatile boilers:
- Boilers for liquid fuel;
Solid fuel boilers were originally designed as non-volatile, but many modern models are equipped with pumps and other electronic equipment. However, manufacturers still produce non-volatile models today, introducing innovative technologies. Such boilers attract not only with complete autonomy, but also with a long burning time. Single download firewood enough for 4-6 hours of work, but coal - for 12-14 hours.
A special category of non-volatile solid fuel heating equipment are pyrolysis boilers(Read about the principles of their work in).
They have two chambers: fuel smolders in one, producing pyrolysis gas, which burns in the second chamber according to the principle of household gas. Such models are able to maintain heat throughout the day, and by installing it on the boiler, you can control its operation from anywhere where there is a mobile connection.
Gas boilers cannot work at all without electricity, therefore, a thermogenerator is installed in non-volatile models. It produces an electric current, which is sufficient to maintain the gas valve in the working position and ensure the operation of the burner. Such boilers are switched on with the help of piezo ignition, and draft level sensors provide high level safety in the operation of the equipment.
All goodsAdvantages and disadvantages of non-volatile boilers
Among the main virtues non-volatile models worth highlighting:
- Affordable cost;
- Availability of automated systems for monitoring the intensity of flame burning;
- Long service life of the heat exchanger;
- High functionality;
- Easy care and unpretentiousness;
- High efficiency;
- Simplified installation;
- Compact size and light weight.
Gas Models able to work with pressure drops in fuel supply systems.
Disadvantages of gas boilers lie only in the need to carefully approach the creation of air ventilation systems, coolant circulation and exhaust gas removal. The chimney must provide heating equipment with good draft. The pipelines through which the coolant circulates must be located at such an angle that gravity guarantees a uniform flow of water in the system. Large-diameter pipes are required for the heating system when using non-volatile boilers. Also a feature is the need to install an expansion tank for excess hot water. If these conditions are not met, then the shortcomings of the equipment will be visible and will create discomfort for the inhabitants of the house.
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Solid fuel boilers for heating a private house can run on coal, wood, briquettes, peat or coke. Autonomous equipment does not depend on the power supply or the central gas line. Combined devices that can operate from the main and spare source are popular.
Properly selected solid fuel unit allows you to heat all rooms in the house as efficiently as possible
Solid fuel boilers for heating a private house: design features
Solid propellant units are made of durable steel or cast iron. These materials affect the service life and cooling rate of the structure. Steel models are resistant to temperature extremes and pressure. Cast iron is characterized by resistance to corrosion phenomena.
Cast iron solid fuel heating boiler of long burning is suitable for houses with permanent residence. Its advantages include durability, unpretentiousness in care and long-term cooling.
Steel appliances are characterized by easy loading, reasonable price and high aesthetics. Boilers are equipped with one or two circuits. Two rings allow not only to heat the house, but also to serve hot water. Depending on the time of fuel combustion, the equipment is divided into traditional and pyrolysis.
Attention! A steel chimney must be equipped with a linear deformation compensator, which is needed to maintain the tightness of the bushings.
Strapping schemes
When choosing solid fuel boilers for heating a private house, it is worth considering a piping scheme. The unit must not be connected directly to the heating circuit. Since this contributes to the appearance of condensate and the formation of deposits.
To organize the optimal operation of the equipment, you should use the following methods:
- installation of an expansion tank;
- installation of a safety group with an adjustable valve;
- installation between the unit and the circuit of the heat storage tank;
- installation of a hydraulic circuit separator.
There are several strapping schemes that differ in the number of loops or their complexity. The piping layout is important, as well as the methods of circulation of the coolant.
Important! The binding of the boiler itself is made only with metal pipes.
Models of heating boilers for solid fuels of long burning
You can buy excellent domestic-made solid fuel boilers for heating a private house. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of individual models, as well as their characteristics, you can choose the best option.
The advantages of boilers of the Pellet and Zota Mix range include:
- high efficiency;
- combined steel models run on any type of fuel;
- the ash container and the combustion chamber are located inside the water jacket;
- chimney damper, air suction and mechanical draft regulator installed in the furnace door ensure complete combustion with low draft;
- the surface of the body is treated with an anti-corrosion compound;
- accessibility for repairs.
These models also have certain disadvantages. A supply of fuel is required, as well as a place to store it. The design is installed in a separate room. It is important to prepare special water for the boiler.
When choosing a solid fuel boiler with a water circuit, it is worth considering AKTV devices, which are manufactured by Sibteploenergomash. Their advantages include:
- affordable price;
- compact dimensions;
- drawer for ash;
- possibility of connection to the heating system;
- appliances can run on electricity and gas.
The disadvantages include primitive automation and outdated design.
It is also worth considering Bourgeois from TES.
It is worth highlighting the following advantages of this equipment:
- for the operation of the equipment for 8 hours, one bookmark is required;
- low fuel consumption;
- the generator is suitable for forced and natural circulation systems;
- environmental friendliness of the unit.
Among the minuses, it is worth noting the complexity of installation, the need for manual bookmarking and significant weight.
Useful information! To heat a greenhouse, garage space or country houses, you can build structures with your own hands.
Price overview
An important parameter is the price. Long-burning solid fuel boilers, depending on the manufacturer and technical characteristics, may have different prices.
| Image | Models | Heating area, m2 | Average price, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Zota Mix 32 | 250 | 38 700 |
| Zota Mix 50 | 400 | 54 500 | |
 | Pellet 15A | 150 | 16 200 |
| Pellet 45 A | 400 | 22 700 | |
 | Karakan 8 TPE | 80 | 11 700 |
 | Karakan 12 TEG | 120 | 21 200 |
 | FBI Co12 | 100 | 52 500 |
 | Trajan T 15 A | 150 | 57 100 |
| Trayan T 20 A | 250 | 61 800 | |
| Trayan T 30 A | 320 | 71 400 |
