Purpose - to consider the features of the poetics of the theater of Molière on the example of the play "The tradesman in the nobility"

1 Comedy in the system of genres of classicism

Image Everyday life, human vices

Conditional plot, comedy scheme

The task of "make laugh and use laughter"

Setting to spoken language

happy ending

5 actions

Reasoner hero - a character who does not take active action in the development of the plot, designed to denounce other heroes, to express moralizing judgments from the author's positions

2 Theme of the work

What is Jourdain aiming for?

(to be an aristocrat)

What is the comedy of situations and characters?

(all the heroes, except for the wife, use Jourdain's desire for their own purposes - Dorant - borrows, teachers and tailors take orders, Dorimena accepts expensive gifts, the fiance of Cleont's daughter and his servant Koviel, dressed in the sultan and his retinue, come up with a way to receive a blessing on marriage, Mr. Jourdain is also ridiculous in his aspirations for education, clothes, just to be closer to his dream. Thus, the comic arises from a comparison of the claims of an ignorant and rude person for refinement of manners and his real vulgarity and stupidity)

What moments reveal the discrepancy between Jourdain's desire to occupy a high position and his inner capabilities, mental and spiritual development, and taste?

(lack of taste - bathrobe, suit, street songs, Nicole can also pronounce the sound U, does not know that there are poems and prose ...)

How do his wife and maid evaluate his actions?

(they take pity on him, his wife tries to open his eyes, to prove that what he is striving for is ridiculous, they scold him)

Who are the aristocrats who conquered Jourdain?

(laugh at him, use him for their own purposes, despise him)

In what words and what character is the vowel thought of the play expressed?

The value of the human personality is not determined by the affiliation

4 Signs of classicism and a departure from them in comedy (checking the DZ)

Heroes are carriers of one trait

Didactic in nature, but solves a serious and urgent problem in a comedy-farce manner with gaiety and grace

The protagonist- a satire

vocabulary work - drama, comedy, satire, irony

Lesson 7

"Satyrs of the brave ruler, Fonvizin shone, friend of freedom"

Fonvizin (1745 - 1792)

The goal is to get acquainted with the personality of Fonvizin and the origins of his work.

Writers ... have ... a duty to raise their loud voice

against abuses and prejudices that harm the Fatherland,

so that a man of talent may, in his room with a pen in his hand,

be a useful adviser to the sovereign, and sometimes a savior

fellow citizens and the Fatherland

D.I.Fonvizin

1 Essay on life and origins of creativity

Born on April 3, 1745. A descendant of a knight of the sword, taken prisoner during the Livonian War under Ivan the Terrible. For a long time, his surname was spelled differently Fon-Vizin, Fon-Visen, Fon-Vizen, etc.

A nobleman by birth, F. ten years old entered the gymnasium at Moscow University. A student of the philosophical department has established himself as a translator (translation from the German "Fables of moralizing with the explanations of Mr. Golberg"). Excellent knowledge of languages allowed him to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. In St. Petersburg, he met Derzhavin, Kheraskov, Knyaznin, here he saw Lomonosov, "But nothing in St. Petersburg delighted me as much as the theater." Lived in Moscow, France., Resigned. 1774 married Ekaterina Ivanovna Khlopova. Died 1792 December 1

Literary activity begins in the 60s. An inquisitive and witty man, he was created in order to become a satirist. And there were more than enough reasons for his bitter laughter in the Russian reality of that time. He joined the noble-aristocratic opposition, whose members criticized the despotic regime of Empress Catherine II and the arbitrariness of her favorites. There is an opinion that in the image of the Prostakovs in the comedy "Undergrowth" you can see the features of the Empress, and in the image of the Prostakovs' estate - all of Russia.

The first satirical comedy - "The Brigadier" ("The first comedy is in our manners." N.I. Panin), "Undergrowth (1781), continued to develop the genre of satire in his works -" General Court Grammar "," Questions "and others, conceived to publish the satirical magazine “Starodum, or a friend of honest people, but the empress did not allow it.

2 Dictionary of literary terms

Satire- genre of fiction

The task of which is ridicule or denunciation of the negative phenomena of reality in order to correct them

Originated in Ancient Greece in the 7th century BC. - Horace, Juvenal, Petronius. In modern times, Swift, Moliere, Voltaire, Boileau, Sumarokov, Kantemir and others successfully worked in this genre.

A) Cantemir's satires were distinguished by their educational orientation and anti-clerical character

B) Sumarokov - a new type of plotless satire, compact in volume, sharp in ideological content, which is characterized by thesis and aphorism of speech, simplicity and accuracy of language

C) Lomonosov introduced elements of democratic thinking and style

D) I.I. Khemnitser - installation on the figurativeness and dramatization of the narrative, the convergence of satire with various genres

E) Fonvizin turned to the development of a small plot satire, brought the dialogue to perfection, began to use the fable beginning and fable verse in satire

According to the theory of classicism, he did not belong to high genres - he turned to socially significant topics, but used a reduced style.

Satire does not directly correlate with any literary genre - from the epic it borrows the breadth of coverage of events, from the lyrics - emotional intensity, from the drama - theatrics.

By subject they were divided into descriptive and socio-political

According to the object of the image - satires on the face or satires on the vice

The composition was usually three-part - an introduction with a definition of the problematic and thematic focus of the work, the main part, revealing the content, and a conclusion, where the author summed up and did an edification to the reader.

The leading methods of creating the image were - direct author's description, indirect obenka given to the character by other persons, showing the hero in action, depicting the inner world of a person, speech characteristics, portrait, artistic detail

At the end of the XVIII century. lost its leading position in literature and transformed into the genres of epigrams, fables, satirical songs, etc.

Comedy- a kind of dramatic work filled with humorous or satirical pathos

Formed in ancient Greece in the 5th century. BC. Classics of the genre can be considered Aristophanes, Plautus, Shakespeare, Molière, Beaumarchais, Sumarokov, Lukin, Plavilshchikov

From the point of view of typology, comedies are distinguished

A) by the nature of the laughter beginning - entertaining and accusatory

B) depending on the characteristics of the conflict - a comedy of characters, a comedy of situations

C) depending on the characteristics of the ideological and thematic content (love, domestic, educational, socio-political)

D) according to the specifics of linguistic expression - prose and poetry

A) the guardian, in which Catherine II, D.V. Volkov, A.D. Kopiev worked, tried to justify the internal and foreign policy states

B) accusatory (Sumarokov, Fonvizin, Kapnist, Krylov). Among the main problems, comedians singled out the peasant question, the gallomania of the nobility, judicial and bureaucratic arbitrariness, the problems of love and marriage, education and upbringing of nobles.

Features of Russian comedy of the 60-90s.

Classical type of 5-act comedy

Heroes - nobles or philistines

They were divided into “the best” (thinking about the good of the state and caring for the common good) and “worst” (caring about their own well-being)

The principle of pairing in the organization of the figurative system

Comedy images are one-linear (the embodiment of one virtue or vice, qualities are often exaggerated)

Form of verbal expression - dialogue and polylogue

The use of two leading stylistic layers - colloquial and everyday and book and literary

Drama- one of the genres of literature, intended to be performed on stage, from the Greek. - "action"

The speech of the characters is accompanied by remarks - the author's instructions about the setting of the action, about the internal state of the characters, their movements, etc.

The art of the word is complemented by the director's interpretation, acting performance and stage setting.

The main types of dramatic works are tragedy, drama (as a genre) and comedy.

Irony- 1 hidden but easily spotted taunt

2 kind of trail when what is said takes on the opposite meaning

3 Debriefing

What facts known to us speak of Fonvizin as a satirist?

Is satire characteristic of the traditional comedy of classicism?

What are the sources of satire in the comedy "Undergrowth"?

From this point of view funny in Fonvizin's comedy did not fit into the formula of classicism "to laugh and use laughter." The subject of his criticism was "difficult events and internal abuses." Therefore, the artistic development of the conflict and characters went beyond the comedy basis, entered the field of satire. The “diseases” of society depicted in the comedy were, according to Gogol, “exhibited by the merciless force of irony in evidence that is amazing.”

DZ Describe (in writing) the work according to the analysis plan

Literature lesson (grade 8)

DI. Fonvizin and his time. Traditional elements of classicism and innovation in the comedy "Undergrowth".

Lesson Objectives:

To acquaint students with the personality of D.I. Fonvizin.

Repeat the genres of literature and features of the drama.

Create conditions for the formation of the initial concept of various trends in literature.

To create conditions for revealing traditional elements of classicism and innovation in comedy

DI. Fonvizin "Undergrowth".

5. To reveal the reader's perception of comedy by students.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, computer presentation for the lesson, task cards.

During the classes.

1. Introduction (slides 1-4)

Magic edge! There in the old days

Satyrs are a bold ruler,

Fonvizin shone, friend of freedom...

A.S. Pushkin. "Eugene Onegin"

... The satirist is excellent

Ignorance was executed in folk comedy.

A.S. Pushkin. "Message to the Censor"

What contributed to the fact that Pushkin praised the work of Fonvizin so highly, calling him an excellent satirist? Probably, first of all, Fonvizin was a master who, using traditions in his work, created an innovative work. What is the playwright's innovation and what traditions did he adhere to in his work, we have to find out today.

Acquaintance with the biography of D.I. Fonvizin (video film).

Fonvizin's literary activity begins in the 60s of the 18th century. An inquisitive and witty man, he was created in order to become a satirist. And there were enough reasons for bitter laughter in the Russian reality of that time.

DI. Fonvizin is a representative of Russian classicism, one of the literary movements.

What is a literary movement? Attention to the screen.

What information did you get from this table?

What are the literary trends? (with the coincidence of creative settings, themes, genres and style in the writer's work)

List the named literary trends.

DI. Fonvizin is a representative of classicism. What is characteristic of this literary movement? Working with a spreadsheet.

Do you understand all the features of classicism? A printout of this table is on your desks. This is card number 1. In the future, you can use it as a reference material. Mark on the card what you do not understand with a question mark.

Today, Veronica Kopina and Sveta Breeva were preparing an advanced individual task for the lesson. They will try to answer your questions. What features of classicism do you not understand?

^ 2. Review (slides 5)

Consider the genres of literature. What type of literature does the work of Fonvizin you read belong to?

What are the characteristics of a dramatic work? Each of you has card number 2, which indicates the features of the drama. But there are errors in the card. Fix them.

So what are the features of drama? (Checking work with cards)

^3. Explanation of the new.

Classical comedy was built according to certain canons (slide 7 of the presentation)

Today we have to find out if Fonvizin adheres to these rules in his comedy.

But first, let's explain the name of the comedy and get acquainted with the characters.

Who was called an undergrowth in the 18th century?

What features of the characters' names attract attention? Can surnames and names be called speaking? (^ Yes.) Mitrofan from Greek. “like a mother”, Sophia - “wisdom”, etc.)

4. Dramatization of comedy episodes (slide 8)

The heroes of comedy are visiting us today.

5. Conversation.

There is almost no commentary in the list of actors in the comedy. Did your initial idea of the characters in the play match what you saw? What features of the comedy heroes did the actors of the drama circle try to embody? (students' statements)

From the very first pages of the comedy, conflict flares up. What is conflict in a work? (the collision underlying the development of the action)

Between whom does the collision take place in the first phenomenon? (between Prostakova and Trishka)

What phrase does Prostakova think of driving Trishka into a dead end? And how does Trishka parry this remark? (“So is it really necessary to be a tailor in order to be able to sew a caftan well. What a bestial reasoning. “But the tailor studied, madam, but I didn’t”).

Does Prostakova understand the importance and necessity of education?

Why does she hire teachers? (firstly, she declares: “We are no worse than others”, and secondly, there is a decree of Peter 1 on the nobility, according to which every nobleman had to learn different sciences before entering the public service, since educated people can bring more benefit to the state

What is the theme of Fonvizin's comedy? (the topic of education and upbringing)

Who else from the heroes of the play opposes Prostakova? (Starodum). Write down your homework. Write out quotes about education and enlightenment from the replicas of comedy heroes. Now let's work in groups and individually.

^ 6. Work in groups. I remind you of the rules of working in groups. We are discussing in an undertone. We express all your opinions. The group commander sums up and answers, who has the right to entrust the answer to any of you.

Group 1 (strong students) You will conduct a study and answer the question: “Which of the rules and techniques of classical comedy, in your opinion, did D.I. Fonvizin, which ones did he violate? You have card number 3 - a table of canons for the construction of a classic comedy. + mark the traditions followed by Fonvizin. In the second column, write the playwright's innovation.

The 2nd group (middle students) will match quotes from the comedy to these illustrations.

The 3rd group (members of the drama circle) will remember the text and try to restore the aphorisms from the comedy, which, unfortunately, have crumbled.

4th and 5th groups (other students, mixed groups). You have the most serious and responsible task. You work individually with a control test built according to the USE type. Answer options are marked in the boxes next to the question.

^ 7. Summing up the results of the lesson (group reports on the work done, except for the 4th and 5th groups, which pass the completed tests to the teacher) (slides 9-14)

8. The final word of the teacher (slide 15)

Today we met D.I. Fonvizin, made the first attempt to penetrate the secrets of his immortal comedy "Undergrowth". We will continue talking about her heroes, about the problems raised by the author in the next lessons. For this work, highly appreciated by Russian critics, requires careful reading.

“Russian comedy began long before Fonvizin, but began only with Fonvizin. His "Undergrowth" and "The Brigadier" made a terrible noise when they appeared and will forever remain in the history of Russian literature, if not art, as one of the most remarkable phenomena. Indeed. These comedies are the work of a strong mind. A gifted person."

So highly appreciated the work of Fonvizin V.G. Belinsky in the article "Woe from Wit". Let's try to comprehend the secret of the immortal work of D.I. Fonvizin.

Features of classicism

Idealization of heroes

Features of classicism

Appeal to samples and forms of antiquity as an ideal

The principle of rationalism, the cult of reason

Strict observance of the rules, the canon in the construction of a work of art

Compliance with the unity of place, time and action in the drama

The desire to capture the essential properties of life phenomena

Appeal to public issues

Adoption of the ideas of absolutism, patriotism, citizenship

The straightness of the presentation of human characters

Idealization of heroes

Classicism as a literary movement

Classicism arose in the first half of the 18th century. During this period, the autocratic system was strengthened in Russia. The main support of the autocracy was the nobility. The literature of classicism served the needs of the absolute state. She preached the ideas of citizenship associated with this form of social structure, the ideas of an enlightened monarchy.

Translated from the Latin "classicism" - "exemplary", "first-class". In the 17-18 centuries, works of ancient Greco-Roman art were considered exemplary, worthy of imitation.

The study of works of ancient art allowed the theorists of classicism to derive the canons by which writers had to follow in artistic creation.

Classicist writers believed that human feelings are deceptive, that only with the help of the mind can life be known and harmoniously reflected in literature.

The rules of classicism provided for the division of literature into strictly defined genres of high (ode, poem, tragedy) and low (comedy, satire, fable).

Human characters were outlined one-sidedly, acting usually were carriers of any one trait. The actors were clearly divided into carriers of good or evil.

Dramatic works obeyed the rules of the three unities. Events took place within one day, in one place, the plot was not complicated by side episodes.

^ CARD #3

Canons of classic comedy

Fonvizin's innovation

Image of everyday life, human vices

Heroes are people of low class, with base interests worthy of ridicule;

Each of the heroes is the bearer of one trait, one vice

A clear division into positive and negative characters

Speaking surnames

one idea

Unity of action (comedy must be based on one conflict)

Unity of place and time (the action takes place in one place during the day)

The heroic and tragic are not allowed (comedy should execute vices with laughter)

Setting to spoken language

A happy ending

^ CARD #2

Task: find errors in the features of drama as a kind of literature.

The basis of drama is the narration of events

The portrait of the hero is the main means of creating an image

The drama has a detailed narrative and descriptive image

The role of landscape and artistic details is important

^ CARD #1

Features of classicism

Appeal to samples and forms of antiquity as an ideal

The principle of rationalism, the cult of reason

Strict observance of the rules, the canon in the construction of a work of art

Compliance with the unity of place, time and action in the drama

The desire to capture the essential properties of life phenomena

Appeal to public issues

Adoption of the ideas of absolutism, patriotism, citizenship

The straightness of the presentation of human characters

Idealization of heroes

All people are imperfect and subject from time to time to certain sins. Of course, you need to try to improve yourself and improve, but in order to know how to eliminate your own shortcomings, you should first familiarize yourself with the list of the main vices of a person, which is given in this article.

What is vice?

Vice acts as a moral and spiritual shortcoming, opposed to good. This is everything that is contrary to goodness and truth, vices include any kind of moral perversion, distortion, inclination to evil, bad life.

Vice is always a violation of the norm. It is sad to realize, but in nature there are no ideal people at all, everyone has some kind of sins.

Although the name “mortal sins” inspires some horror, in reality they are nothing more than information that a person must realize, accept and begin to process. If you are not trying to run away from the truth and recognize the presence of some kind of sin, then you are already ready to start dealing with it.

Having a sincere desire to start fighting your vices and improving yourself, be sure to read on.

Major human vices list

In total, seven generally established human sins are distinguished - laziness, gluttony, pride, lust, greed, anger and envy. Of course, this list can be listed indefinitely, but these seven vices were singled out separately, since it is they that contribute to the emergence of other sins.

All people from time to time encounter the described sins in their entire lives. It is also important to remember that sins differ from each other in their semantic characteristics.

For example, for some of them a person is to blame before his personality, his religion, and for other shortcomings - before the surrounding people.

According to the popular point of view, pride is the most terrible vice. This is explained by the fact that a proud person defies the Creator himself.

Laziness(may also manifest as apathy, depression, unwillingness to do something). Laziness is a lack of diligence or its complete absence. Lazy people cannot be useful to their society.

But sometimes it is vital for each of us to be lazy in order to save our energy and improve our future life. The main thing is not to overdo it.

Gluttony(also known under the guise of gluttony). This is a pathological passion for delicious food, which a person consumes in excessive quantities.

It should be noted that alcoholism is also one of the varieties of gluttony. Lovers of delicious food often suffer from overeating.

Anger(it also manifests itself in the form of rage, anger, aggression, desire for revenge). Anger is a negative emotion that is directed towards a sense of injustice. At the same time, a person is overcome by a strong desire to eliminate this injustice.
Greed(known under the guise of greed and miserliness). Greed is the desire to own as much as possible large quantity material wealth, when a person simply loses a sense of proportion.
Envy(This vice is also manifested in the form of jealousy). Envy acts as a person's desire to possess the same things that more successful individuals possess. A person overcome with envy can commit various terrible deeds.
Pride(also known as pride with arrogance). It manifests itself in the form of selfishness (egocentrism), excessive pride, arrogance. If a person is overcome by pride, he boasts of himself to other people and is firmly convinced that it is his opinion that is the most correct.
Lust(manifested in the form of debauchery, fornication, voluptuousness). Lust acts as a gross sexual desire, forbidden passion, secret desires. In general, this vice includes any kind of desire, because of which a person faces some inconvenience or suffering.

Sociologists have carried out interesting research, which resulted in a "hit parade" of mortal sins. In the first place in it were anger and pride, and in the last place were laziness with greed.

How to deal with your vices

It is not enough just to know the list of the main human vices. If you really want to start improving yourself, then get rid of your own shortcomings. How to do this - we will tell further.

Pride. To cope with pride, you should feel a sense of respect and love for other people, regardless of what position in society and status they have. You must try to understand that others, just like you, are part of a single universe in which everyone must live in harmonious relationships with the world.
Greed. How can you deal with this vice? It is necessary to start treating things differently, to understand for yourself that real life values are never material. And an expensive car or apartment is all a means to help you lead a normal life, not objects to be worshipped. True values are always hidden in the depths of ourselves. They lie in our faith, our ability to change ourselves and our lives for the better.
Envy. If you want to eradicate the feeling of envy in yourself, then you must eliminate the feeling of contempt for those people who have achieved more success in life. In addition, they really have no idea about your feelings and in no way can affect your success.

Learn to live without looking back at the happiness and success of others, focus only on yourself and you will certainly be able to succeed in the business in which you dream of doing it.

Lust. To eliminate the sin of lust, you should not allow intimacy in cases where you do not have any feelings for a partner. Sex is a manifestation of love, and if there is no love, then it is impossible to talk about full-fledged intimacy.
Anger. To stop getting angry often, analyze the situation or people from whom you feel the energy of danger, which inspire you with a sense of fear. Most likely, in reality, they are not at all as dangerous as you think about them. Engage in the study of your fears, realize their true essence - this will help you discover the root cause, and therefore quickly eliminate them in principle.
Laziness. Not everyone is aware that laziness can be not only harmful, but also useful. Just give yourself a little physical and mental rest from everyone and everything. Be alone with yourself, letting go of all thoughts and not taking any action. Being lazy for a while, you will realize that such a state only causes boredom in you and you will come to a normal tone.

You need to find motivation for action - promise yourself to go where you have long wanted to treat yourself to pleasant shopping, to see friends. After all, the way out of the state of laziness and your work must certainly receive a well-deserved reward.

Now you know the main human vices that make us worse and prevent us from developing and improving. Try to protect yourself from negative emotions, eliminate negativity from your life as much as possible, be open to the world and let love into your heart - then none of the seven vices will be able to cling to you.

Finally, be sure to watch an interesting thematic video material:

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Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin Magic land! There, in the old days, the bold ruler of Satyrs, Fonvizin shone, a friend of freedom ... A.S. Pushkin. "Eugene Onegin" (1745 -1792) Teacher of the Russian language and literature MBOU "Secondary School No. 30 with UIPO" Physical Culture» Khisamutdinova F.R. …

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"The action produced in me by the theater is almost impossible to describe: the comedy that I saw, rather stupid, I considered the work of the greatest mind, and the actors - great people, whom I thought would be my well-being."

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1759 - 1762 - gymnasium at Moscow University "My sharp words, Fonvizin recalls, rushed around Moscow; and as they were caustic for many, the offended announced me as an evil and dangerous boy; all those whom my sharp words only amused glorified me amiable and agreeable in society."

6 slide

Satire and journalism were his weapons. A courageous protest against the injustices of autocracy and angry accusations of serf abuses sounded in his works. This was the historical merit of D. I. Fonvizin

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Peculiarities of drama as a kind of literature The basis of drama is action, the speech of the hero is the main means of creating an image; the absence of a detailed narrative and descriptive image; the important role of scenery and artistic details (interior, costume, etc.) their gestures, facial expressions, intonation, pauses, etc.)

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The basic rules of classical comedy Depiction of everyday life, human vices Heroes are people of low class, with base interests worthy of ridicule; each of them is the bearer of one trait, one vice; a clear division into positive and negative characters Speaking surnames One idea Unity of action (comedy should be based on one conflict) Unity of place and time (action takes place in one place during the day) Heroic and tragic are not allowed (comedy should execute vices with laughter) spoken language happy ending

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Theory of Literature Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth" is a satire. Satire is a kind of comic, angry denunciation of social phenomena with laughter.

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Which of the rules and techniques of classical comedy did D.I. Fonvizin, and which ones did he break? Let us consider a retreat from the unity of action (in the comedy The Undergrowth there are two storylines) negative characters are interesting and ambiguous when creating the characters of the characters, the speech characteristic is used the unhappy end the unity of the place (the village of Prostakovs) the unity of time (one day) one idea (education of a worthy citizen) the division of the characters into negative and positive "talking" surnames, emphasizing the dominant character trait, which the character is carrying

J.-B. Molière is a representative of French classicism of the 17th century.

Goals: consider the signs of classicism in drama; to acquaint with the biography and work of Molière.

During the classes

I. Learning new material.

1.Note-taking training teacher's lectures.

The teacher's story about French classicism.

The heyday of classicism is associated with the period of establishment of the absolute monarchy in France. By the middle of the XVII century. royal power has become a historically progressive force, opposing the willfulness of large feudal lords and contributing to the development of the economic, social and spiritual life of the country. Under the auspices of the king, the French bourgeoisie grew rich. It was the king who managed to soften the fierce religious hostility within the country. The personality of the king was perceived as the embodiment of reasonable will and enjoyed unquestioned authority. This era is called enlightened absolutism.

Historically necessary events royalty did not provide, however, concern for the welfare of the broad masses of the people.

Louis XIV, or, as he was called, the "Sun King", maintained his court with unprecedented luxury. The best artists, writers, musicians and artists were called to the court. The king built himself a new residence near Paris - Versailles. Its architects created a style that, in its strict artlessness and majesty, resembled ancient buildings. The style was based on the principle of attraction to the center, which symbolized the central government. The principle of strict regulation, which was imposed at the royal court, extended to the culture of the era. This is how the art of classicism arose, in line with which great works of architecture, sculpture and literature, especially dramaturgy, were created.

Classicism in France brought forward great writers - masters of the tragic genre Corneille and Racine, the fabulist Lafontaine, the comedian Molière.

The method of depicting a person by the playwrights of French classicism differs significantly from that which the realists of the 19th century began to use later. In contrast to the realism of the 19th century, in whose works characters are associated with circumstances and are most often determined by these circumstances, classic tragedy puts forward character in itself, circumstances here play a subordinate role.

Classicism tried to emphasize the universal meaning of the depicted conflicts. On the stage of the French tragic theater of the XVII century. the characters act as participants in the most acute conflicts, the plot is built on a clash of opposing feelings - duty and passion.

The concentration of the tragic poet on the depiction of the human character, the moral principles that the hero follows, largely determines the structure of the tragedy, the arrangement of characters in it.

Here the principle of “three unities”, traditional for the dramaturgy of classicism, is also explained: place, time, action.

The art of Molière - playwright and actor - grew up in the artistic atmosphere of mature classicism. By this time, Corneille had already completed his activities, Racine was a contemporary of Molière.

Moliere is connected with classicism by an in-depth development of characters, an interest in the human personality in its complex relationships with other people.

2.Recording the Basics on the topic "French Classicism":

1) Strict hierarchy of genres.

2) Comedy in the system of genres:

a) depiction of everyday life, human vices;

b) conditional plot, comedy scheme;

c) the task is to “make and enjoy laughter” (that is, to treat);

d) installation on the spoken language;

d) happy ending

e) 5 actions.

3) The rule of three unities:

a) unity of place;

b) unity of action;

c) the unity of time.

4) Heroes of classicism:

a) "immutability" of the hero (lack of internal development);

b) the hero is the embodiment of one trait (speaking surnames);

c) the division of heroes into strictly positive and strictly negative;

d) the hero-reasoner (expressing moralizing judgments from the author's positions).

3. Teacher's story.

In the artistic biography of Molière, written by M. Bulgakov, there is a chapter "Bru-ga-ga", dedicated to the first performance of the Molière theater at the court. This happened in one of the halls of the Louvre on October 24, 1658. The evening opened with the tragedy of Corneille "Nycomed". In the hall - the king, courtiers, actors of the Burgundy hotel, recognized masters of the tragic genre. In the course of the performance, the hall gets bored, the king's brother, young Philippe of Orleans, shrinks in his chair - it was he who achieved the right to play in the Louvre for the provincial troupe. And what is failure? It seems to have already happened when, after Nycomedes, Molière appears on the stage and offers to play the comedy of his own composition, Doctor in Love, in front of the audience - they say, the province laughed at it. The King nods indulgently.

In the main role, as in the just failed "Nycomede", was the director of the theater - Molière. He ran onto the stage - the audience began to smile. After the first remark, they began to laugh. A few minutes later the laughter turned into a roar. And it was seen how the arrogant man (the king) fell back on the back of his chair and began, sobbing, to wipe his tears. Suddenly, unexpectedly for himself, Philip laughed shrillly beside him. Molière's face brightened suddenly. He realized that he was hearing "... the famous, indescribable, speaking of the complete success of the comedy, a collapse in the hall, which in the Molière troupe was called" bru-ha-ha "...".

So the capital learned about the new troupe and its leader, an unimportant performer of tragic roles, but on the other hand a magnificent farce and author of comedies. The king legitimized the existence of the new theater by giving him the Petit Bourbon hall. According to the unofficial title of the brother of the king, the theater was called the troupe of Monsieur.

4.Student's report about J.-B. Moliere.

Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, who entered literature under the name of Molière, was born in 1622 in the family of a furniture upholsterer, who eventually bought a patent for "the king's personal upholsterer." The future writer was educated at one of the privileged educational institutions - Clermont College (now the Lyceum of Ludwig the Great). As was customary then, he perfectly mastered Latin (even at breaks, students were required to speak only Latin), he knew the ancient classics well. Biographers claim that the circle of his knowledge was wider than it was provided by the program. After graduating from college, Jean Baptiste receives a law degree; 2 years later, in 1643, he renounces the right to the title of "personal upholsterer of the king", which he could inherit from his father, and becomes an actor. With the assistance of several friends, he opens the so-called Brilliant Theater in Paris, where he first takes the stage name Molière. However, this enterprise fails, and the ruined troupe begins to wander through the cities and rich estates of France. It was during this period, which lasted as long as 13 years, that Molière gains life and stage experience and begins to write plays himself.

Moliere's troupe performed, of course, not only before the provincial nobles, but also before the common people. Acquaintance with people from the people during many years of wandering around the country contributed, in particular, to the creation of images of energetic, dexterous and intelligent servants and maids in his comedies.

It meant a lot to Moliere's acquaintance with the folk farce - an eccentric comedy on everyday topics, common in the French fair theater. Moliere used many techniques of farce to create his works. From the Renaissance, Moliere has his cheerfulness, faith in man, the image of the struggle with inert forces that prevent the hero from achieving happiness.

The sudden death of the playwright in 1673 occurred, one might say, on the stage. Playing the title role in his last comedy, The Imaginary Sick, Molière felt really sick and died shortly after the performance. The Parisian archbishop, who belonged to the camp of the enemies of the great comedian, banned burials in the city cemetery under the pretext that the "comedian" died without repentance. This absurd situation, when the relatives did not know what to do with the body of the deceased Moliere, is reproduced in detail in M. Bulgakov's biographical story "The Life of Monsieur de Molière".

5.Reading by the teacher ch. 33 novel by M. Bulgakov"The Life of Monsieur de Moliere" (the scene of the death of Moliere and the story of his burial).

II. Summing up the lesson.

Homework:

2) individual task: to prepare a message "From the history of the comedy" Philistine in the nobility "".